جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مرگ و میر » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

This research was carried out in order to determine the length and age composition, calculate growth and mortality parameters and calculate the biomass of golden gray mullet in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea during the year of 2022-2023. The biometric data were collected from beach seine fishing cooperatives in the Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces. The mean (± SD) fork length and total weight were measured at 29.9±4.8 cm and 305.7±143.0 g, respectively. The age range was 2 to 11 years, and more than 74.4% of the age group were 3 to 4 years with the mean (± SD) fork length of 26.3±5.1 and 31.3±5.6 cm, respectively. In the relationship between fork length and total weight, the values of a and b were calculated as 0.018 and 2.836, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Growth parameters, including the von Bertalanffy growth equation constants (K, L∞, and t0), were determined as 0.14 (/year), 64.0 cm, and -1.02, respectively. Mortality parameters, encompassing total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F), were calculated as 0.95, 0.30, and 0.65, respectively. The biomass of golden gray mullet was determined 12155.5 tons. This research provides valuable information in the direction of sustainable management and protection of golden gray mullet stocks in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea.

One of the most important pests of boxwood plants in the world is the bux moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lep.: Crambidae), which is a highly invasive and key pest on the Buxus hyrcana Pojark in the northern forests of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the LC50 of three botanical insecticides, Neem Azal®, Ruy Agro®, and Bio1®, on the second instar larvae of C. perspectalis in laboratory conditions, as well as to investigate their efficacy on this pest in the forest. The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design under laboratory conditions (25±1 °C, 65±10% relative humidity, and a 16:8 light-dark photoperiod) with six replicates. In the forest, the study was conducted on branches of 30 cm length in four cardinal directions of the tree, with three replicates in a completely randomized block design. The mortality rate was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 hours at the desired concentrations of each botanical insecticide along with a control (water). The results indicated that the LC50 values for Neem Azal®, Ruy Agro®, and Bio1® after 24 hours were 1.2, 0.90, and 0.50 ppm, respectively, and after 72 hours were 0.51, 0.11, and 0.11 ppm, respectively. In the forest, the recommended laboratory concentrations of 1 and 5.1 ppm for Neem Azal® and 0.50 and 7.5 ppm for Ruy Agro® were tested. Both insecticides exhibited effective control with respective concentrations of 1000 ml and 750 ml per 1000 liters of water in the forest, capable of controlling all larval instars of the box tree moth. Considering the intricate forest ecosystem, the use of insecticides is not recommended. However, in forest parks and areas exclusively inhabited by these plants, the use of less persistent bio-insecticides with limited impact range, such as Neem Azal® and Ruy Agro®, at the specified concentrations, can be recommended.

Honeybees play a key role in food safety, but various pests such as Varroa have been threatened the health of colonies. To control this mite, the application of pesticides is inevitable, but the consequence of pesticide usages is associated with increased incidences of Varroa resistance. Hence, the researchers point out the botanicals. Despite the effectiveness of botanicals in combating Varroa, their side effects on colony health are key topics. In the present study, the biological effects of thymol, trans-anethole, and diallyl disulfide were investigated on honeybees. The results showed that the lethal concentrations of 50% of thymol, trans-anethole, and diallyl disulfide were 16.46, 55.22, and 37.30 mg ml-1, respectively. The effects of LC15, LC30, and LC50 of these compounds on the activities of honeybee antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase) and the lipid peroxidation showed that the activities of these enzymes in thymol, and trans-anethole treatments significantly increased compared to the control, while in diallyl disulfide treatment, the activity of these enzymes decreased. The results also showed that the amount of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced in all treatments. Survival study showed that all concentrations of thymol, trans-anethole, and diallyl disulfide caused 100% mortalities of the honeybee at four, six, and three days post-treatment, respectively. The results showed that the lethal concentrations of thymol, trans-anethole, and diallyl disulfide could induce oxidative stress and influence the survival of the honeybees. Therefore, it is recommended that these compounds could be used with caution to control Varroa in apiaries

Legumes are the second most significant plant source of human protein-rich diets after cereals. Additionally, these plants improve soil structure through biological nitrogen fixation. Plant pathogens are one of the most important global constraints on chickpea production. Plant-parasitic nematodes are key damaging agents to crop production. Broad beans, soybeans, lentils, beans, mung beans, and chickpeas are hosts for P. ritteri, and under greenhouse conditions, this nematode reduces the majority of plant growth indices. Various methods are employed to control plant-parasitic nematodes, most of which rely on chemical control. This study was conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to examine the effects of refined wood vinegar, unrefined wood vinegar, chloro carboxylic acid, and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate on P. ritteri.

In this study, 66 soil and plant root samples were collected from chickpea fields in Lorestan province's counties. P. ritteri nematodes were identified after extraction using conventional techniques. The number of P. ritteri nematodes per kilogram of soil in an infected field soil was determined, and this soil was subsequently used in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The effect of four compounds, including refined wood vinegar, unrefined wood vinegar, chloro carboxylic acid, and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, on P. ritteri was investigated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, as was the mortality of P. ritteri in chickpea. The data were analyzed using SPSS22 software, and tests were conducted using randomized complete block designs.

A comparison of the mean mortality of P. ritteri under laboratory conditions revealed that the highest mortality was associated with a 1% chloro carboxylic acid treatment for 24 h (100%), and the lowest mortality was attributed to a 0.5% refined wood vinegar treatment for 12 hours (25%). Under greenhouse conditions, the chloro carboxylic acid treatment resulted in the highest mortality, 1% (94%), while the unrefined wood vinegar treatment had the lowest mortality, 0.5% (49%). In addition, the mortality rate demonstrated a significant difference at P≤0.05 in two frames of 12 and 24 h for most compounds (except for sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate 0.5%) and at P≤0.01 in two levels of 1% and 0. 5% for all compounds.

All investigated compounds induced nematode mortality, with chloro carboxylic acid proving to be the most effective for nematode mortality and unrefined wood vinegar the least effective. Consequently, these compounds can be used as pre-planting to control these nematodes.

Unrestricted use of chemical insecticides, especially at high concentrations, has reduced their efficacy. Plant-based pesticides, due to their relatively high safety levels to humans and environment as well as effective control on insects, have become a suitable alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological and physiological effects of the formulated essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) on the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hüb. The obtained essential oil was formulated into an emulsion using Tween 20 as emulsifier. Chemical analysis of the extracted essential oil indicated that Terpinen (14.4%), Cymene (18.5%), and Thymol (61.6%) were the major compounds. The essential oil of T. ammi have a significant repellency rate on third and sixth instar larvae of cotton bollworm at different observed time intervals, with an average repellency rate of 61-76%. Regarding fumigant toxicity, the highest concentration of the essential oil (500 µL/L) resulted in 100% larval mortality. The LC50 value for fumigant toxicity measured as 82.73 µL/L. The duration of larval development significantly increased in treatments compared to control. In EO concentrations of 2.5-1.25 percent an increase was observed respectively in the duration of the larval stage by 9 and 7 days. The pupae and adult’s emergence affected in dose dependent manner. At concentration of 50 µl/l, 89% inhibition of protease enzyme recorded. With regards to the biological and physiological effects observed in the formulated T. ammi essential oil, with complimentary researches, it could be used in integrated management programs of cotton bollworm.

The Black bean aphid (BBA), Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of agricultural and ornamental plants. Entomopathogenic fungi are important factors in the microbiological control of pests that are considered a good alternative for chemical insecticides. Isolation of novel potential IPF and evaluation of their efficacy against pests are primary steps for achieving a successful microbiological control program. In this study, the efficacies of three Iranian isolates of Akanthomyces lecanii (PAL6, PAL7, and PAL8) and an Iranian isolate of A. muscarius (GAM5) which had been isolated from two hemipteran pests, Pulvinaria aurantii Cock. and Aphis gossypii Glover, respectively, in citrus orchards of west Mazandaran (North of Iran), were evaluated against BBA.

Mortalities of the BBA nymphs and adults caused by different conidial concentrations (104, 105, 106, 107 108 conidia/ mL) of each fungal isolate during other days after treatment (DAT), 1–7 DAT, were determined under laboratory conditions.

All isolates were pathogenic to the aphid causing about 25% mortality. The efficiency of the isolates was not significantly different among the aphid life stages. When the isolate concentrations (up to 55%) and DAT (up to 53.13 times) increased, their effects increased significantly. The highest and lowest mortality rates were observed at concentrations 108 (12.83%) and 104 (5.86%) conidia/ mL, respectively. The highest effectiveness was recorded in seven DAT for all isolates, 15.14% mortality. At one DAT, the isolates caused about 1% mortality in the aphid population with the lowest effectiveness. The highest mortalities were observed for GAM and PAL7 isolates at six DAT, i.e., 16.83 and 16.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the lowest effectiveness was recorded for the isolates GAM and PAL7, at one DAT (<0.1% mortality), respectively.

The isolates had some potentials for microbiological control of the BBA. Time and conidial concentrations, are the critical factors determining the efficacies of the entomopathogenic fungi. The highest effectiveness can be achieved before six DATs. When the conidial concentrations increased, the obtained mortality by the isolates was enhanced. Due to the relatively low efficacies of the EPF and a lag time for getting sufficient mortality, integrated applications of the entomopathogenic fungi with other compatible control agents with faster effects such as biorational insecticides are recommended. However, the laboratory results should be supported with field or semi-field studies before recommending applications of the entomopathogenic fungi against the BBA aphids in greenhouse or field crops.

Open pollution compounds such as nitrate, nitrite and ammonium acute or semi-acute water poisoning, especially juveniles’ fish create a short-term and long-term depending on the concentration impairs physiological activities and cause of death is unknown. Most affected by the contamination of farmed fish, their immune system is compromised. The main toxic reactions due to the conversion of nitrates in the water carry oxygen to the forms that are not capable of carrying oxygen. Nitrate toxicity on aquatic animals by increasing the concentration and exposure time increases. In contrast, nitrate toxicity may be associated with increasing body size, increase in water salinity, and reduced environmental sustainability. Fresh water animals seem to be more sensitive to nitrate is marine animals. Nitrate concentrations around 10 mg (maximum for drinking water according to Federal America) can have negative effects, at least in the long term exposure, freshwater invertebrates, fish and amphibians influence. Safe area under the concentration of nitrate to protect freshwater animals susceptible to nitrate contamination is recommended. In addition, the maximum level of 2 mg to protect the most sensitive freshwater species would be appropriate. In the case of marine animals, the maximum level of 20 mg is generally acceptable. However, in the early developmental stages of some marine invertebrates that have adapted well to the low nitrate concentration, may be more susceptible to nitrate are sensitive to freshwater invertebrates.

Understanding the demographic characteristics of non-native species is very important for species and habitat management. The population structure and dynamics structure of river oriental prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) were studied in three wetlands (Alma Gol, Alagol and Ajigol) of Golestan province, where the species is considered exotic species. A total of 6539 samples were collected and their biometric data recorded, the maximum total length of specimens ranged 90 -100mm. In this range, 4 age groups (0+,1+,2+and 3+) were identified. The growth parameters, obtained using von Bertalanffys growth function and Somer seasonal growth equation, were as L∞= 108 and 91 mm, K = 0.96/year and 0.98/year for males and females respectively. The lowest mortality rate was observed in age 1. The mean normal mortality rate for males and females was estimated to be M = 1.17 and M = 1.24, respectively. Total mortality rate, based on the length-converted catch curves equation, was estimated to be Z = 1.17 for males and Z = 1.17 for females. The total length at the first sexual maturity was estimated to be 46.9 mm for females and 52 mm for males. The optimum length for females was 64 mm, and for males was 76.8.

Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum) is a strategically important cash crop that has an economic and social impact in many countries. Sugarcane mite, Oligonychus sacchari is one of the most detrimental arthropod pests associated with sugarcane during summer. Control of this pest is mainly based on chemical pesticides and cultural practices as well as the application of silicon as a nutritional component of an integrated crop management. In this study, effects of silicon were evaluated on O. sacchari. Experiments were carried out during 2014–2015 and 2015– 2016 at Salman Farsi Agro Industry Farms, Ahwaz-Iran. The two varieties (CP57-614 and CP48-103) were treated by silicic acid fertilizer as foliar application. Five treatments including one spray (0.5 lit/ha), two sprays (0.5 and 1 lit/ha 3 weeks after spray 1), three sprays (0.5, 1 and 1 lit/ha 4 weeks after spray 2), four sprays (0.5, 1, 1 and 1 lit/ha 4 weeks after spray 3) and Control were applied. In each plot, 15 leaves were randomly selected from bottom, mid and top of plant and number of living mites and dry leaves were recorded. Samples were collected 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the forth application of silicic acid. The results showed that all treatments had significant effects in mite population and leaf dryness versus Control. Among different treatments of silicic acid, four spray application of silicic acid was more efficient than other treatments on mite damage and leaf dryness. It seems that the silicic acid would be a promising product for management of mite damage and could be incorporated with other management strategies in sugarcane IPM.

This study was conducted to determination length and age composition, growth and mortality parameters and estimate biomass of Kutum in the Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea from 2017 to 2018. The biometrics data were collected from the fishing cooperatives in the Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. The mean (± SD) of fork length and total weight were obtained 37.4±6.9 cm and 729.8±418.4 gr respectively. The range of age was from 2 to 11 year and fish with 3 to 4 years comprised up to 73.4 percent. The mean (± SD) of fork length for 3 and 4 age groups were 33.8±5.8 and 39.0±6.2 cm respectively. In length – weight relationship a, b and r2 were calculated 0.012, 2.99 and 0.96. K value, L∞ and t0 were calculated 0.21 (/year), 61.4 cm and -0.54 respectively. Mortality parameters such as Z, M and F were calculated 0.76, 0.36 and 0.36 respectively. The biomass of kutum estimated 27437.7 tons.

The aim of this study was to record growth parameters, mortality and sex ratio of Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from the south basin of the Caspian Sea. 894 specimens were caught by fixed gill net and beach seine during April 2010 to March 2014. Male to female sex ratio was obtained 1:1.05 that was not differed significantly (p>0.05). The minimum and maximum length of the fish specimens ranged from 35 cm to 170 cm (for male) and 105 cm to 214 cm (for female), respectively. Mean (±S.D) total length was calculated 129.67±15.22 cm and 148.02±12.67 cm for male and female, respectively. The maximum frequency of length was 120-130 cm and 140-150 cm for male and female, respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship for male was 3.074 that showed isometric growth (p>0.05) and for female was 3.209 that showed positive allometric growth (p<0.05). Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were calculated (0.535, 0.222 and 0.313 year-1) and (0.465, 0.22 and 0.245 year-1) for male and female, respectively. Also exploitation rates (E) were obtained 0.59 and 0.53 for male and female, respectively. Estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameter values were (L∞ = 187.54 cm, K = 0.15 year-1 and t0 = -0.32 year) and (L∞ = 195.00 cm, K = 0.14 year-1 and t0 = -0.25 year) for male and female, respectively. Also infinity weights (W∞) were estimated 21435 g and 26258 g for male and female, respectively. Tmax values (maximum length) were calculated 20 years and 21.43 years for male and female, respectively. Growth performance index (ϕ) was calculated 3.72 and 3.73 for male and female, respectively. Estimated logistic growth parameter values were (β1 (L∞) = 188.00 cm and β2 (growth-at-hatch) = 5 cm) and (β1 (L∞) = 190.00 cm and β2 (growth-at-hatch) = 5 cm) for male and female respectively. Based on the results, Acipenser stellatus stocks have unfavorable conditions in the south basin of the Caspian Sea, and the management measures are necessary to preserve and restore the remaining stocks of this species in the ecosystem.

In the present study, sublethal effects (LC10=21, LC20=52 and LC30=100 ppm) of Bifenazate (Floramite® 24% SC) on biological parameters of the most important phytophagous mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using Age-stage two sex life table theory. Our results revealed that immature development of treated deutonymphs of T. urticae was not significantly affected by sublethal treatments. Female longevity was affected by sublethal concentrations and the highest value for this period was recorded at control (23.36 day). Furthermore, total fecundity was also negatively affected in female mites developed from treated deutonymphs and the lowest value was obtained at LC30 (27.02 egg). We also present data supporting that the sublethal effects could carry over to the next generation. Accordingly, sublethal concentrations reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), and there were significant differences among the values of this parameter at all treatments tested when compared with control (control=57.93, LC10=49.17, LC20=41.50 and LC30=32.87 offspring/individual). The intrinsic (r) and finite (λ) rates of increase were also significantly lower in mites treated with sublethal concentrations. The highest estimated values for r and λ were recorded at control (0.208 and 1.232 day-1,respectively). Finally, with the reduce rate of development observed for individuals treated with sublethal concentrations, the mean generation time (T) was significantly higher in individuals exposed to any concentration tested (control=19.48, LC10=19.80, LC20=20.10and LC30=19.45 day). Our data underline the importance of considering the role of sublethal effects when attempting to evaluate the total impacts of specific pesticide on an insect pest population and its progeny.

The inclination of rice growers towards double cropping system has raised new concerns about changes in pest biological parameters and the excessive release of pesticides in the environment. In this study, some biological traits of the overwintering larvae of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) was compared between single and double cropping rice fields in the northern Iran during 2016 and 2017. Under the same geographical locality, a significantly higher density of the overwintering larvae was observed in double cropping fields during November-March of both years, while larval mortality was lower in double cropping fields. The larvae collected from double cropping fields had significantly wider head capsules and tended to be heavier than those from single cropping ones. Additionally, both male and female pupae collected from double cropping fields had significantly higher body mass than those from single cropping fields. A significant increase in the number of days required for pupation of the overwintering larvae was observed under double cropping system. However, the adult moths emerged from these pupae were significantly higher fecund than those reared from single cropping fields. Results of this study highlight significant changes in some biological traits of C. suppressalis under double cropping system. At least, some of these changes are expected to affect the level of crop damage in the next growing season and thereby, demand higher rates of pesticides for satisfactory management of the pest. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the pest status and management of C. suppressalis under double cropping system.

In this study, the population density and survival of overwintering larvae of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lep: Crambidae) was compared between single- and double cropped rice fields in north of Iran (Amol) during winter months (November-March) of 2016-2017. According to the results, a significantly higher frequency of overwintering larvae was observed in double cropped fields in both growing seasons and during all overwintering months. Additionally, larval mortality in double cropped fields was significantly lower than those in single cropped fields. The efficiency of three pesticides, diazinon (with two formulations G 10% and EC 60%), hexaflumuron (EC 10%) and fipronil (G 0.2%) as well as an integrated pest management approach (IPM) using mechanical, physical, and biological methods for control of Ch. suppressalis in double cropping fields of Amol was investigated during growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. According to fields experiments, a single application of hexaflumuron or diazinon EC at a concentration of 1.5 L/ha against the first instar larvae resulted in the most decrease in dead heart and white head damage and the highest crop yield in both growing seasons. The effect of IPM approaches on damage and crop yield was also considerable among treatments. Results of this study indicate that hexaflumuron, as an insect growth regulator (IGR) can be efficiently integrated in management programs of Ch. suppressalis. Besides environmental advantages, the integration of insecticides with novel modes of action in rotation with convenient pesticides can decrease the rate of resistance development by the pest in double cropping systems.

Being able to quantify the probability of tree species survival is fundamental to the management of forests worldwide that is very hard. Because there are many processes and factors affecting on it. This paper examines the possible ecological controls probability of tree species survival and quantifying abiotic and biotic variables affecting on it by artificial neural networks in Hyrcanian Forests including growing-season-cumulated potential solar radiation, seasonal air temperature, topographic wetness index in representing soil water distribution, and wind velocity generated from simulation of fluid-flow dynamics in complex terrain. Biotic variables related to tree diameter increment involve averaged 2003 tree diameter and basal area measured in individual forest plots. Allometric equations of logarithmic multiple linear regressions transformed models of power functions which have different parameters were introduced to clarify the certainty of simulating process The predictors used in survival modelling described the influence of tree size, competition and species. The model shows that trees with dbh between 20 and 100 cm survive best. Increasing competition (BAL) decreases survival, and Carpinus betulus has a slightly lower survival rate than the other species. Also, the results of this investigation, it is understood that BAL, topographic wetness index in representing soil water distribution, and wind velocity had the strongest correlation with probability of tree species survival in the fixed sample plots.

The goat population has increased globally despite major changes in agriculture due to industrial mergers, globalization, and technological advances in the developed countries. Goat farming is one of the key elements contributing to the economy of farmers living in the arid and semi-arid regions including most areas of Iran. There are 30 million heads of cashmere goats around the world and 4.5-5 million heads of cashmere goats are bred in Iran. Raini goat is one of the most important Iranian native goats that spread in the southeast of Iran where these animals are kept for both meat and cashmere production. There are almost 3 million heads of this trait in Kerman province. Although many breeding programs were performed, but have not led to much progress in its economic profitability. One of these reasons can be lack of an economic selection index for basic traits. Survival is one of the most important economic traits and effects on income of farmers, because death or early culling of animals decreases income of breeders. Hence, considering this trait in breeding programs can improve it and increase economic performance of animals. Considering the importance of survival, and the fact that survival of Raini goats has never been studied, the aim of this study was to estimate survival distribution function in Raini kids from birth to yearling.
Data set used in this study were 3055 records of kids (from 201 male goats and 1309 female) related to the breeding station of Raini goat located in the Baft city of Kerman province, collected during the years 1992 to 2007. The frequency distribution for causes of culling and survival distribution function of kids to yearling age was estimated by R software.
The overall kids’ culling up to yearling age was 21.09 percent, which in the first, second, third and fourth triplet months was 11.2%, 5.08%, 2.17%, and 3.64%, respectively. The most causes of removing kids from the flock were extra-fattening kids and mortality due to illness, respectively. The accumulative survival from birth to yearling age of kids was 77.91 percent. The regression coefficient of survival showed that the survival rate decreased by 0.048 percent per day.
Considering the higher mortality rate in the first 3 months of life, it can be recommended to reconsider in the way of management and breeding system, improve genetic capacity and involve survival trait in breeding programs.

In this study, natural mortality, age predicted total length, weight, and species composition parameters of purse seine was studied for 5 months in Kangan Port. Sampling was done every 15 days from December to May (fishing time of the fish). Based on the obtained results, Sardines were formed 75% of the target total fishing catch. The highest bycatch was for Leiognathus Daura with a frequency of 10.2% of total weight as well. The most frequency was 25-30 grams with a 43.5% and lowest frequencies of 25-20 g fish weight class with the highest and lowest was 10.5 respectively, lowest average length for rainbow sardines was observed 19 and 8.1 cm, for late April and December months by 1.8 cm respectively. The average length of 16 cm and an average weight of 26±13.8 grams and maximum length estimation calculated as 20.74. Applying the formula M=2K, the equivalent of natural mortality and total mortality was calculated as 0.62 and 0.8 respectively. Predicted based on age and length of log Φ was 2.125.

Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a zoophytophagous mirid known as a potential biological control agent of whiteflies and Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). This predator is widely used in integrated pest management programs in greenhouses. In this study, side effects of four pesticides including pymetrozin, abamectin chlorantraniliprole, mancozeb and iprodion carbendazim on survival and number of offspring N. tenuis were evaluated. Adults of predators exposed to the pesticides through residual and oral routes simultaneously. None of the pesticides except abamectin chlorantraniliprole cause significant mortality on predator but all of them were affected the number of offspring. The highest reduction in fertility was related to abamectin chlorantraniliprole (92.5%). Iprodion carbendazim (43.22%), pymetrozin (37.44%) and mancozeb (17.14%) were next in rank, respectively. Toxicity of pesticides was calculated based on the reduction coefficient, Ex. According to IOBC classification abamectin chlorantraniliprole was moderately harmful, pymetrozin and iprodion carbendazim were slightly harmful and mancozeb was harmless.