جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بافت تاریخی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

People in a society become sophisticated when they face unfamiliar and unknown social and public challenges and spend part of their daily lives in the public arena. This issue raises the level of solidarity of people and makes the place a familiar one. The spaces we face daily, engage us socially, culturally, and communicatively. And by creating a high environment, they build a sense of peace and improve the spirit of society. (Cattell et al. 2008.) Since the urban space is incomplete and undefinable regardless of its social processes, many thinkers consider the importance of social space more than physical space. Social space is a social product, and every society produces its own space. The centrality of daily social attitudes and actions in space is considered concerning the importance of spatial aspects of the social organization of space. Therefore, the space is at the center of the continuity of historical and social processes and includes the confrontation over meanings and values. Continuous relationships between elements through shape, color, texture, and continuity patterns form the perception of organizational elements in the space and prevent any change and interruption in the space. The existence of sociable public spaces is an important supplement for people's socialization. The sociability of public spaces promotes the spirit of solidarity and individual growth of the city's people, regardless of race, age, socio-economic status, and gender. (Najari and Mehdinejad, 2019) Since urban space is incomplete and incorrect, regardless of its social processes, many thinkers consider the importance of social space more than physical space. Social space is a social product and each society and its production method produces its own space. Therefore, engaging in environmental links with the undeniable part of daily social and individual biological experiences and strong visual communication and spatial visualization causes that even with relocation, one's thinking develops. Living cities all have systems with active and identifiable public spaces for the city, where people can meet, move, and communicate with each other. Physical space, to respond to social needs with the necessary opportunities to acquire social business, and public space in cities, can respond to these needs. But in contemporary societies, the downward trend of audience presence in public spaces and the weakening of the social sense, causes the experts of architecture and urban planning, in connection with the issues of social quality of the place, the amount of audience attraction, and the promotion of social belonging in the public space, researchers. Knowing the factors from the point of view of thinkers to understand the concept of concepts and its effect on the urban body and to investigate how to promote social needs and environmental connection in the Pamenar neighborhood is the main goal of this research. To answer this; The study investigates the interconnectedness of social interaction and the urban body and its environmental connections with a qualitative method of case study and analytical perspective, and by inferring the relevant findings and opinions of social science experts in the urban field to provide a reliable definition of the interaction between the body of the city and social interaction, and finally to explain the criteria for promoting interaction. Social presence is studied in the local plaza as one of the most effective public spaces in cities. The neighborhood studied in this article, Pamenar, is located in the heart of the historical context of Tehran. It is also a residential neighborhood whose residents can play an active role in maintaining and promoting its identity. The research findings indicate that the two primary indicators in the development of social interaction are the physical body and the creation of a social event (activity). The revitalization of this context depends on the development of social interactions. Therefore, the present article considered the two main factors of attention to the urban physical body and the reproduction of social events as endogenous factors in shaping urban revitalization. It examines the origin of the Pamenar revitalization within its context, exploring the historical background as a source of inspiration for generating fresh ideas. According to the particular location and the subject of the research, and based on the research and field investigations and multiple visits to the target site, designing a plaza with a revitalization approach is one of the best options in this place. Furthermore, the architectural significance of plaza design entails the creation of public and urban spaces comprising various elements like amphitheaters, cafes, galleries, bookstores, small vendors, and other necessary public areas. These communal spaces will be meticulously designed, evaluated, and scrutinized.

How to revive and develop the historical contexts of Iranian cities today has become an important and challenging issue. One of the suggestions and solutions is to create nightlife in historical contexts. In fact, the use of historical textures at different times has attracted the attention of researchers and restorers. Experience has shown that in the historical contexts of different countries where night life is going on, due to the presence of people after work and during the night hours, the economy has been more prosperous. Also, due to the proper lighting and the large number of people in these neighborhoods, crime and misdemeanors are less. In fact, proper lighting in historical contexts increases the quality of life and creates safety and attractiveness in the context. The historical textures of Tehran have a great potential to create night life. One of these historical contexts that has been investigated and proposed for revitalization with a nocturnal approach is the historical context of Tehran Citadel in the 12th district of Tehran. A descriptive-analytical method was used in this research. Primary documents were collected through library studies and objective observations. Using a quality and quantity rating table, various factors of the researcher have been evaluated and analyzed, and suggestions have been made based on these analyses. According to the observations and analysis, the historical context of Tehran Citadel has been revived and turned into a context with night life by changing the use and proper lighting and suitable furniture. By creating 24-hour uses such as restaurants, cafes and holding parties and night shows or appropriate furniture, the historical context of the citadel has been revived. Lighting has had a positive effect on the development of night tourism in Tehran Citadel, and lighting projects, in addition to being an ornamental activity, were an effective method for night life and spending leisure time in the context of Tehran Citadel.

The image of a city comprises the beliefs, perceptions, and imaginations that citizens hold about their city. These mental images provide a framework for urban planners to propose better futures for the city. In traditional urban planning approaches, this images were typically studied through interviews and cognitive mapping – time consuming, costly methods limited to small samples of citizens. However, today, social media and other digital technologies have provided new opportunities to study urban mental imagery. This research, seizing this opportunity, aims to explore the potential of social media visual data to study image of the city. To do so, a three-phase content analysis categorized 4,919 Instagram image data from the historical fabric of Tabriz. Kernel density estimation then mapped the data. Results demonstrate that images shared on social media can not only represent the perceived cognitive maps, but also provide more comprehensive analysis compared to classical methods. In addition to the physical dimensions of space, these data have the ability to represent non-physical dimensions such as environmental preferences, identity elements, activities, behaviors, cultural events, and beliefs of the society. They also enable remote measurement of mental images of the city at any scale, with minimal time and cost. Thus, social media-based urban images can be a valuable complement to classical methods of analyzing the mental image of cities. The analytical framework developed from this study can be used to evaluate and develop the classical theory of the mage of the city in the digital age.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the research method. In terms of nature, it is based on new future-research, analytical and exploratory methods. The collection of data and information has been done by the survey method and the analysis of the matrix of cross-effects using MicMac and Scenario Wizard software. Based on the findings of the research, out of 41 investigated indicators,9 indicators were identified as the key drivers of the reconstruction of the historical fabric of Kerman city. Maintaining the originality of the design and work, functional diversity and creating vitality, reuse of buildings and modernization, payment of subsidies and bank facilities, participation of people and the private sector, the role of culture and cultural industries, creation of legal and legal tools, creation of integrated management of historical context and model Comprehensive planning and regeneration management were identified as key factors and drivers of the regeneration of the historical fabric of Kerman. Also, the results of the scenario planning section of the research indicate 4 scenarios with high or probable compatibility for the future of the historical context of Kerman city. The first scenario is completely desirable, the second scenario is semi-desirable, the third scenario is critical, and the fourth scenario is completely critical for recreating the historical context of Kerman city. According to the knowledge obtained from the key drivers and future scenarios for the reconstruction of the historical context of Kerman city, it is possible to plan ahead and pay attention to the key factors and hidden layers in different social fields. , economic, physical, functional, cultural and institutional-management, while dealing with various dimensions of instability and deterioration, reverse the cycle of decline and decline and provide a new opportunity to revive and recreate the historical urban fabric of Kerman

Historical districts in cities have played a significant role in shaping the urban life and cultural identity. Over time, various changes and developments have led to the deterioration of these areas. Utilizing prominent historical buildings as strengths and addressing environmental and physical challenges as weaknesses can greatly impact historical districts. The Sahib-al-Amr historical square in Tabriz, Iran, has historical significance but currently lacks its former identity and value. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to develop strategies for the revitalization of this historical square. Because revitalizing this square is crucial for preserving its historical and cultural value. The current physical challenges and visitor experience demand strategic planning and action for its revitalization.

The study focuses on the Sahib-al-Amr square in Tabriz, Iran, which holds a special place in the city's history. Dating back to the 14th century, the square has witnessed various transformations and architectural marvels, reflecting the influential periods it has experienced. The methodology employed in the research involved using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) matrix and QSPM (Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix) to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and to develop practical strategies for revitalization. The research strategy falls within the adaptive range (WO), as determined by the QSPM matrix.

The results of the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix reveal the significant impact of existing historical buildings as a strength and visual pollution and lack of security as the most significant weaknesses affecting the historical square. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix highlights the economic potential of the market as an opportunity, while concerns such as the absence of security due to broken windows and unauthorized encroachments are identified as the most threatening factors. The QSPM matrix found that priority 1 is creating arrangements for tourists in the historical complex, with a score of 7.23. Priority 2 is making rules to preserve historical buildings in the area, with a score of 7.20. Priority 3 is modernizing the use around the square and considering its historical role, with a score of 7.19. Priority 4 is adding nighttime activities, with a score of 7.08. Priority 5 is limiting car traffic in the complex, with a score of 4.49.

The study recommends an adaptive strategy within the operational range to enhance the environment by leveraging existing capabilities and opportunities. These strategies aim to maximize the square's potential, enhance its historical significance, and create a vibrant, secure, and engaging environment for locals and visitors alike. Strategies for achieving this include formulating regulations to preserve historical buildings, modernizing the use around the square, creating tourist facilities, adding nighttime activities, and reducing car traffic within the historical complex. These strategies not only enhance the city's cultural identity but also contribute to local economy, tourism, and community development. The practical findings and recommendations contribute to the revitalization of similar historical areas and the preservation of the country's rich cultural and historical identity. The proposed measures, such as stakeholder involvement, improved security, pedestrian infrastructure, and traffic management, aim to revitalize and bring prosperity to Tabriz's historical district.

Adding a new structure to the historic district is one of the methods of urban conservation that needs more cautious compared to other methods. In this regard, international organizations have addressed this issue in documents. which until now, has been investigated and analyzed less precisely. So, in this research, for the purpose of design formulations, what they are is followed up. So, by studying the documents, the required data were collected and based on the theme and structure of the design, were summarized in three levels of attitude, approach and method. Then, with the help of comparative comparison and SPSS, the design approaches are described. The collected data show that three design approached have been proposed so far. In the first, presented in the Venice Charter, the Washington Charter, the Charter of the Principles of Review, Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Architecture, the New Zealand Charter and the Bura Charter, historic district as document is preferable. Therefore, it is recommended to not change and homogeny. In the second, presented in the statement of Tlaxcala and San Antonio, historic district is seen as a document and a part of a city. Therefore, it is recommended to manage change and harmony based on traditionalism. In other documents, despite the similar attitude and approach, it has been recommended to harmony with regard to characteristics of district and contemporary expression with compatibility with it.

Problem statement: 

Despite repeated legal emphasis, during the last few decades, new constructions in the historical urban fabrics of Guilan province have generally been built without observing the necessary harmony with the historical architecture of these cities. The problem that the current research examines is what characteristics are recommended in the façade design of new constructions within the surroundings of valuable Qajar houses in the cities of Guilan province to reach visual compatibility between new and old facades.

The present research aims to develop some design recommendations that seem to help to achieve visual compatibility between the façade of new buildings and the adjacent valuable historical buildings. This can be considered a step towards developing façade design guidelines for the relevant historical districts.

The current research uses a combination of interpretive-historical and logical argumentation strategies. Research data were collected from archival sources and field visits, including 74 valuable Qajar houses located in the cities containing registered historical urban fabrics in Guilan, consisting of Rasht, Lahijan, Langroud, Anzali, Amlash, and Roudsar.

By looking at the upstream regulations for the protection of the historical fabrics of Iran, placing the Semes’ classification as the basis, and considering the specific realities of the research scope, the acceptable design approaches regarding the infill buildings were determined to include “literal replication” and “invention within a style”. The “abstract reference” approach was also permitted in a limited way. By examining the character-defining features in the studied architectural samples, the headings of the façade design guide were determined, including eight titles as follows: Overall dimensions of the façade; general composition; openings; the roof; semi-open spaces; gates; materials, coloring, and decorations; and the boundary wall. In the end, a set of twenty façade design recommendations are presented.

Throughout history, the market has played a role as the backbone and beating heart of the city. In other words, the market is a factor that has always been the main feeding tissue of the city. The worn and old body and function of the market with new conditions and needs, requires planning to recreate the city space, especially the area of the city marke. Therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to provide strategies for recreating the historical texture of the market neighborhood of Khorram Abad, emphasizing the role of the historical market. The current research is a combination of descriptive-analytical and historical methods. Existing valid documents and library studies and collection, observations and field studies including interview, observation and photography are used. Collecting the research data by questionnaire method, the opinions of 10 specialists and experts in the field of city and urban planning are used. To analyze the information by stating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the SWOT method and using the fuzzy Delphi hierarchical analysis method, as well as the content analysis of the works and information. The result of the research shows that to recreate the historical texture of the market neighborhood of Khorram Abad city, useful and fruitful actions can be taken by emphasizing on the valuable historical works and elements, especially the historical market that has been investigated. Finally, the regeneration strategies of the market neighborhood of Khorram Abad city have been presented according to the investigations carried out in the research.

Historical contexts are considered among the most valuable urban contexts, which over time, with the development of cities and the wear and tear of historical cores, have declined in terms of quality of life. This is while urban restoration has now reached urban regeneration in its evolutionary periods. On the other hand, among the existing approaches in urban planning, considering urban livability for regeneration has led to more interaction between the historical context and the city and its citizens. With this description, the main question and problem of this research is how to increase livability by regenerating historical contexts in a way that citizens experience a suitable quality of life in the contexts and do not intend to leave it. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this research is to identify factors that increase livability in regenerating historical contexts. To achieve the research objectives, this research has explored the subject based on the qualitative research method and specifically the descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, the results of the research admit that livability has environmental and cultural factors that each group can save historical contexts from wear and tear and return them to urban life. Multiple factors such as improving security, improving urban services and facilities, proper access to public transportation, strengthening a sense of belonging to a place, and improving health conditions are among the reasons for increasing livability in historical contexts. These factors will not only increase the quality of life in these contexts but also protect them as a historical heritage.

The latest approach in the field of urban regeneration is sustainable and integrated urban regeneration. For this purpose, in this article, the identification and evaluation of the sustainable and integrated regeneration model in the Darwaze Ray neighborhood in the city of Qom has been discussed.

The research method was applied and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research was the heads of households in the Darwaze Ray neighborhood of Qom with a number of 3280 people and city managers active in the field of re-creating the historical fabric of Qom city. The sample size was determined for 364 citizens and 30 managers, which was determined by Cochran's method and sample adequacy. The sampling method was randomly classified (block survey) for citizens and snowballed for city managers. The method of data analysis was using factor analysis, T-Test, and structural equation methods. The results indicate that from the point of view of city officials and managers (experts), sustainable and integrated regeneration occurs when the existing local conditions are taken into consideration along with the various characteristics of the historical context, including the prominence and protection of historical monuments.

The correlation coefficients of the final model showed that the structure of the integration of the urban management system with a coefficient of 0.820 is dependent on sustainable regeneration processes, and at the same time, the strong feature of prominence and texture protection is also dependent on measures and the success rate of sustainable regeneration with a coefficient of 0.941, and strongly Strong correlation is associated; Therefore, it can be said that sustainable regeneration is possible in an integrated situation with comprehensive and comprehensive action measures.

The purpose of this article is to present a model of sustainable and integrated urban regeneration in the historical context of the Darwaze Ray neighborhood in Qom city. The results indicate that the physical, social, economic, and environmental conditions in the neighborhood in question are unfavorable and the practical measures in this regard have not been able to help to recreate the texture of this neighborhood. From a physical point of view, there are few facilities and public services in the neighborhood of Darwaza Ray, and the quality of the texture is fine and unstable. From the social point of view, the conditions of safety and well-being in this neighborhood are low and there are many defenseless spaces in it. Also, the literacy level of the residents is average and many immigrants live in this neighborhood. In terms of economic conditions, there are no opportunities for employment and activity in the neighborhood, and less attention is paid to investing and creating economic opportunities in this neighborhood. Also, from an environmental point of view, the findings of the research showed that the neighborhood in question has low environmental health and green space quality, and environmental pollution is high in it; The average of the items of each of the different dimensions of urban regeneration in this neighborhood was average (3) and below the average.

Historic urban fabrics are always considered a main challenge in the urban management system; for example, in the discussion of improving resilience, these areas are either subjected to large-scale interventions or are not planned in development plans because securing them with the usual solutions destroys their originality. This research seeks to determine the limit of resilience of this historical area. Through documentary study and qualitative analysis, the physical resilience of the historical area of Hasan Abad Bazaar of Isfahan was evaluated. It became clear that this historical area, in terms of "occupancy level of the building," "building density," and "urban open space," has the most vulnerability. In dimensions such as "type and age of the buildings," it is acceptable. It was found that the contemporary principles of resilience cannot be applied directly to historical contexts because they will damage originality and morphology. Nevertheless, relative safety can be achieved by considering changes such as the quality of materials and the stability of the building and updating principles such as designing several small urban open spaces instead of one big space while preserving maximum originality. Finally, to promote the physical resilience of the historical fabric along with preserving the maximum originality of suggestions in three areas, "urban restoration," "architectural restoration," and "urban management" were presented.

Historical fabric is an architectural and cultural masterpiece, forming a valuable part of urban identity and history. Preservation and maintenance of this fabric and the quality of its landscape are essential but currently neglected due to economic and socio-cultural reasons. This study aimed to identify and explain the key drivers affecting the landscape quality of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood historical fabric in Shiraz. The research was applied concerning purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and research methodology. Library-documentary and field studies were used, along with the distribution of questionnaires, to collect the required data, which were then analyzed using MicMac software and the Delphi technique. The results indicate that 7 out of 22 main influential factors affect the landscape of the historical fabric of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood in Shiraz. These key factors have the most significant impact and are the least influenced by other factors affecting the landscape quality of the historical fabric of the Sang-e-Siah neighborhood in Shiraz and include spatial unity (coordination of elements) (V4), color and materials (V16), sidewalk space (V19), security and peace (V14), green space (V20), urban furniture (V12), and lighting (V15). The results of the research indicate that a desirable urban landscape has numerous impacts on the quality of life for citizens and increases their satisfaction with municipal management performance, which, in turn, will lead to greater citizen participation in urban development projects. Achieving a desirable urban landscape requires the identification of influential factors and planning for the improvement of their conditions because due to the internal relationships among these landscape elements, a change in one factor leads to changes in others. Intervening in the historical urban fabric is highly sensitive due to the value of these historical areas.

Neighborhood is one of the important factors of social interactions and the presence of people in the community, neighborhoods and public spaces are important factors in neighborhood architecture, nowadays due to extensive changes in urban construction, less attention is paid to the relationships between people in the community, but in the context of In traditional cities, the amount of neighborhood relations is higher and this is due to the type of neighborhood architectural patterns used in traditional contexts. The current research aims to introduce architectural body models. In this research, by identifying and analyzing the physical areas of the neighborhood, along with the typology of physical patterns, the architectural tools and principles in this architecture have been introduced, and its purpose is to introduce these patterns in the historical context of Dezful city. The research method, in terms of epistemology in the interpretive or constructivist paradigm (structuralism), in terms of the comparative approach (method of reasoning), in terms of the type of data, qualitative and quantitative (combined), in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical results and in terms of the approach It is a historical interpretation that has been done by the method of typological analysis and by the method of collecting library data (documents) and the tools of map reading, document reading and fiche extraction. The results of this research show that using architectural tools such as changing floor materials, long and short walls of passageways, changes in light and shadow, roofing alleys and passages, creating level differences, changing proportions and decorations, Three primary neighborhood patterns have been formed for semi-public areas in the historical context, which include the patterns of Sabat, entrance, and dead-end alleys. And things like security, privacy, solitude, climatic and functional comfort and people-friendliness have increased the amount of people's presence in these fields.

Historical cities are living evidence of human civilization and culture. However, there is still much work to be done to identify and accurately understand such civilizational layers in Middle Eastern historical cities. One of the ambiguities associated with Islamic cities is the researchers’ emphasis on their unsystematic arrangement, to the point where some researchers have suggested that the lack of arrangement in the historical network of streets is proof of its chaos. Some scholars, on the other hand, have denied such disorganization and provided answers to prove that an arrangement exists in historical passages. However, the significance of passages in the historical city has yet to be completely examined and described. This study is an attempt to scrutinize the role of the passages in the historical city of Qazvin using a descriptive-analytical method. In addition, morphology and GIS tools were used to identify and analyze the characteristics of the passages in the historical neighborhoods of the Qazvin. The findings of the study show that the passages of the ancient city have been systematically developed and include perceptual, social, and economic components.

The preservation-oriented design of new structures in historical fabricsis a matter of debate between preservationists and architects. Therefore, many research studies are aimed at exploring different design approaches and their implications, resulting in explicit or implicit recommendations for design. Therefore, it is important to review and analyze them, as well as the international documents and other national and regional design guidelines— a study that has not been done to date. Accordingly, this research aims to classify the proposed recommendations in the form of design approaches. For this purpose, the required data in related research studieswere collected and coded separately based on the theme and structure of each approach into three levels: point of view, strategy, and method. Then, they were described with the help of a comparative study. The results show thatin the studies of Groat (1985) and Sotoudeh and Wan Abdullah (2012) at the level of point of view, the historical character of the fabric is preferable to its urban character. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid changes in the level of strategy and practice compatibilityat the level of method. This is while other studies emphasize both the historical and urban characters, the difference being that in the studies of Oers (2010), Bianca (2010), Diski (2012), Adam (2010), and Duch (2010), the reference frame is tradition, while in other studies it is modernity. Influenced by the reference point of view, Oers, Bianca, Diski, Adam, and Duch recommend the management of change through traditional architectural and urban planning patterns, whileother studies influenced by the modern point of viewrecommend the management of change by referring to the characteristics of the historical context with the aim of compatibility.

Infill architecture has always been considered as a practical approach to create new structures to provide usable spaces in historical textures, which in addition to meeting the needs of contemporary era and strengthening the intrinsic values of a place; the development of these centers also plays a key role. This approach, which originated from urban development trends, can also be used as a design keyword in the historical textures of villages. By the introduction of the concept of sustainability into the category of rural heritage protection; it is necessary to develop a design planning agenda in the texture of historical villages to take advantage of existing infrastructure and capacities. Thus, this study seeks to answer the question of how to intervene in the historical and traditional texture of historical villages according to the infill architectural approach? Assuming that the application of the model can affect the effective multifaceted factors on the design in the rural texture and without its application, many important and necessary components will not be included in the process, which can cause problems in this regard. The main purpose of this research is to obtain a model agenda for planning the design of infill building in the texture of historical villages and its application in a case study. The present study is applied-developmental research. In addition, it is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. Also, it is in the group of qualitative-quantitative researches. Library, documentary and field studies have been exerted to collect and compile information. The most important findings and conclusions of the research are the presentation of the design agenda model based on the principles of infill architecture in the texture of historical villages which after assessing the situation and analyzing the data based on comprehensive physical information, architecture as well as formal, environmental, climatic patterns and interpretation of the new building plan, is introduced. In order to test; this model has been used to design ecotourism and tourism accommodation in Sopurghan village of Urmia city. This research has achieved qualitative results through the application of quantitative methods, which in addition to preserving the valuable architectural heritage of the field and in harmony with its nature, can also play an essential role in economic, social and environmental prosperity and providing local resources in these centers and preparing a suitable platform for design in other valuable villages.

In recent years, by the transition from premises of structuralism, subjects like the sense of place have been studied in the paradigm of post-structuralism. This has been done through the lens of post-structuralism to better understand the unique characteristics that contribute to this sense. However, it is valuable to understand the importance of comprehending the sense of place, including cognitive processes and analyzing the factors that contribute to this perception. This article challenges the notion that regional features are solely determined by weather and conducts an analytical study in two distinct regions in Iran to examine the impact of regional factors on the sense of place. The sense of place, in general concept, means the different quality of perception of the space through living and being in the space, which can convert a space into a place. The place, with all of its unique features, belongs to a special territory that creates its own region and habitat, which is distinct from other places.

The objective of this study is to examine how regional factors impact the sense of place. The research focuses on two categories: the natural-geographical environment and the human-made environment. The goal is to identify which regional factors have the greatest influence on the sense of place. This study is a qualitative phenomenological survey that employs an existential (third-person) approach and a comparative analysis method. The study involves field research conducted in the historic districts of Rasht and Yazd cities. According to the research subject, initially, the literature was reviewed, and previous studies were examined. Subsequently, with the aid of field research and an existential approach, the significant factors influencing the sense of place were illustrated in a descriptive manner. Fundamental descriptions of research are extracted in a documentary method and then obtained results are compared with the outcomes of field studies that involve direct observations and interviews with individual or group participants. In fact, the discrepancy in comprehension of humans from a place is the most significant concept of this article, and we can perceive the reasons by recognizing effective factors on comprehension. This research, in a theoretical method, depicts that personal characteristics and environments are pivotal factors in human comprehension. The aim of our study is to compare the impact of regional factors and the built environment on the sense of place. For this purpose, we have chosen two different regions in Iran: Rasht and Yazd. These cities have a rich historical background and are known for their cultural heritage. These cities were selected since they are good examples of places where the sense of place has been preserved over time and is deeply rooted in the collective memory of the local community, according to experts. For compiling the conceptual model of the research, the researchers reviewed the descriptions, concepts, and opinions of experts and researchers and universal experiments on the subject of the sense of place to select the criteria and sub-criterions for this article. According to the opinions of the majority of experts, the sense of place can be identified in three dimensions: somatic place, functional system, and connotation. Considering the holistic concept of the region, which encompasses the habitat and the entirety of a geographical area, including its culture and social values, it is evident that the region influences everything from social norms to cultural practices and habits.

According to studies of this research, the formation of the sense of place can be identified in three dimensions: somatic, functional, and connotation. Effective somatic characteristics that contribute to the sense of place are derived from spatial constraints and encompass a range of factors, from building and architectural elements to furniture. The second category that can affect the sense of place is the functional system, which is influenced by the residential and urban living requirements as well as social and cultural needs, resulting in different activities and various urban usages. The sense of place can be influenced by these various functions. The third group, referred to as connotation, encompasses both tangible and intangible meanings that interact with the physical surroundings and biological characteristics, as well as normative meanings that are influenced by individual and social values. After that, the research focuses on identifying the most influential factors of the region on the sense of place, which in turn affect the related sub-criteria. These factors include spatial constraints such as horizontal and vertical elements, connectors, openings, and fixed furniture. Furthermore, the region can influence the organization of residential, commercial, collective, cultural, and religious activities, as well as intuitive meanings, and can also affect the tangible features of the place, such as the adaptability of elements to atmospheric conditions, decorative elements, visual background, dominant materials, somatic characteristics of the place, and the scent of natural native elements. The symbolic normative meanings influenced by the region include semiology, tales and fables, inclination towards urban gatherings, the presence and activity of individuals on a daily or occasional basis, accessibility to all age and gender groups, social control, security, and the existence of social and public activities. 

According to a comparative assessment of these factors in the historic district of Rasht and Yazd, it can be stated that the factors of the region that recreate the sense of place have diverse appearances in somatic characteristics, functional systems, and connotations in each of the studied areas. By taking into account the paradigm of this research and examining the elements and sub-components, we can confirm the breadth of the region’s impact on the emergence and understanding of the sense of place in the two factors mentioned earlier, i.e., natural-geographical and human-formed factors.