جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شهر یزد" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

One of the key factors determining the position of women within the family is the structure of power distribution, which also influences the role conflicts experienced by employed women. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the structure of power distribution within the family and the work-family role conflict among employed women in the city of Yazd. The research method employed in this study is a survey. Data were collected through a questionnaire using cluster sampling from a sample of 323 employed women in Yazd. The validity of the instrument was confirmed through content validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results indicated a significant negative relationship between the structure of power distribution in the family and the level of work-family role conflict among employed women. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the dimensions of power structure in the family—comprising power relations, methods of exercising power, and the scope and domain of power—and the dimensions of work-family role conflict, including work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, each based on time, pressure, and behavior

International migration is an old phenomenon that has been carried out in various forms and with various purposes and continues for various reasons. Due to the prevalence of migration in today's world, all human societies are somehow facing challenges related to migration. The consequences related to the issue of immigration have faced challenges for the second-generation Afghan immigrant teenagers in Iran. The exposure of teenagers to the culture and values of the host society and the choice of a type of acculturation (identification, separation, integration and marginalization) to adapt and play a role in the social arena, has made researchers need to study in this field. Therefore, this article has tried to study the processes of identification of Afghan teenagers living in Yazd city. This research was conducted with qualitative methodology and grounded theory approach, with a sample of 17 young Afghan immigrants. In this process, the data have been analyzed and reviewed through the open, axial and selective coding method. The main categories discovered include: boredom with the label of close others, hegemonic normative pressures of authority-seeking families, resentment of close others, cultural deconstruction of the family, etc. The results of the research showed that teenagers feel alienated from aspects of Afghan culture and do not want to accept restrictive aspects. On the other hand, parts of the Iranian society's culture and tradition, which create a feeling of freedom of action and choice in teenagers, have been accepted by these teenagers.

Cafes are considered to be one of the most important places chosen by young people to spend their free time and hang out with friends. The aim of the current research is to qualitatively study the presence of girls in cafes in Yazd city. The approach of this research is qualitative and thematic analysis tool has been used to analyze the data obtained from the interview. The participants in this research are 20 Yazdi girls aged 15 to 20, who were selected based on frequent visits to cafes and data collection tools; The interview is semi-structured. Data analysis finally resulted in 53 sub-themes and 6 main themes. The findings show that "self-recreation to self-escape" and "active release" are the effective factors of girls' presence in the cafe and "self-reflection", "new capital", "false persuasion" and "representation of culture in the body" The consequences of their presence in the cafes of the city. According to the findings of the research, the cafe environment has both positive capacities and potentials and negative functions for Yazdi girls, which should be given more attention in the policy making of the social spher.

The dynamic and rapid growth of urbanization and, as a result, the physical changes in cities have led to many challenges and problems. Physical development is manifested in varied forms, ranging from scattered to dense and intelligent. Each form of development has its advantages and disadvantages. Accordingly, without proper planning and consideration of the existing context, unmanaged city growth can cause direct and indirect harm to the urban environment, with citizens and resources being the primary victims and potential future heritage. Iranian cities have also contributed to this global experience based on many variables, such as demographic, social, and economic movements. In the meantime, the historical city of Yazd, as a precious legacy of its predecessors, has experienced a coherent and sustainable form of development by relying on creativity and initiative. The physical structure has been transformed into different types in the last few decades. Continuing this situation not only disrupts the city’s physical cohesion but also exacerbates the economic, social, and legal issues. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer whether the findings of different models in the analysis of the physical development pattern in Yazd City yield a unified result or deviate from one another.

The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The data and information required for analysis in the research have been collected through bibliographic and field studies. Aligned with the research objectives, the study employs quantitative analytical models, namely Shannon entropy, Heldren, Moran’s coefficient, and a comparison of filled and empty urban land. Additionally, multi-time satellite images have been incorporated to analyze the data and investigate the physical development pattern of the city.

In this research, various quantitative analytical models such as Shannon’s entropy (2006-2021), Heldren’s (1996-2016), Moran’s coefficient (2006-2016), comparison of full and empty urban land (1398) and multi-temporal satellite images in the period 1990-2000-2013 and 2021 have been used to study the physical development pattern of the city. The results of the study of the city’s physical development using multi-temporal satellite images in 1990-2000-2013-2021 indicate a 71.46% growth of the city during these 31 years. Contrasting Shannon’s entropy model between 1385 and 1400 reveals the city’s dispersed growth over the 15-year period. In accordance with Heldron’s model, using 1345 as the starting point and 2016 as the endpoint, it is observed that 59% of the overall physical development or city size increase is attributed to population growth, while the remaining 41% is linked to the scattered development of the city. The findings from the comparison of Moran’s coefficient in 2006 and 2016 indicate a shift in the spatial distribution pattern of Yazd city’s population density, transitioning from a random pattern to a scattered one. Additionally, when evaluating the ratio of dense tissue area to the total city size in Yazd (coefficient 0.015), the comparison reveals that the growth rate of the city area corresponds proportionally to the growth rate of the population during the specified period.

The results of all these methods indicate that the city of Yazd experiences scattered and unbalanced physical development. According to the results of the study, Yazd City is located in an area where the town’s per capita services and facilities are high, with a large volume of services that can serve twice its population. Examining the results, it becomes evident that in Yazd City, the speed of inactive urban levels increases in favor of the active groups as one moves from the central area to the surrounding regions. These functional levels not only exhibit significant potential for internal development but also present a viable option to prevent the sprawling expansion of the city.

Today, the use of the GPS global positioning system for intra- and extra-urban transportation is a necessary and undeniable matter. Assessing the reliability and stability of intra-city bus routes has been raised as an important issue that has a great impact on the quality of bus services. In this research, the GPS global positioning system data, which is related to the Yazd City bus system, was used to evaluate the reliability and stability of city buses for intra-city transfers. One of the goals investigated in this research is to examine the parameters affecting bus bunching and analyze the stability of the system as well as the reliability of the public transportation system. In this research, section travel time, dwell time, headway, and bus bunching have been analyzed in terms of time and place. In fact, it is checked how the situation of batch movement occurrence and stability is at different times of the day. In this research, the prediction methods of Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Regression were used to predict the reliability and stability assessment of bus travel routes. The Gradient Boosting Regression Model had a lower error and better performance for predicting the reliability of the bus travel route and headway than the rest of the prediction models. The results of this research help urban planners understand the stability of stations, identify key points that affect the stability of stations, identify key stations, and provide better transportation services in the future to reduce the waiting time of passengers.

The project of local development and facilitation offices is one of the research projects and needs assessment projects, which is being conducted by National Social Affairs Organization with the aim of studying the measurement and facilitation capacity of this issue in reducing and controlling social harms, solving the problems of underprivileged and marginalized neighborhoods and empowering residents. The project was run in 21 provinces of the country in the twelfth government. The project was also carried out in Yazd province/Yazd in 2018 by identifying the three neighborhoods of Hassan Abad, Sadr Abad and Skan as the target neighborhoods for development. The inquiry was carried out by way of documentary and library methods, field observations and field experience of the authors through the activity in the field of local development and facilitation offices; We examined the service description of the offices, the process of setting up facilitation offices in Yazd, the process of selecting the target areas, the structure of the offices, the characteristics of the experts and managers of these offices, the selection process of the provincial executives of the offices and their strengths and weaknesses in the city of Yazd. Considering the closure of these offices and the positive feedback it has left among the people and officials in Yazd, suggestions for the continuation of the activities of these offices are presented.

The present study has explored how new needs change in virtual social contexts. Using the qualitative approach and grounded method, micro influencers were selected and studied using theoretical and objective sampling. Sampling continued until the researchers concluded that new information would be the repetition of the former information. Data were collected through the study of sources and interviews with experts as well as technical notes. After refining the initial codes (combining overlap and exemplifier codes), the findings were presented in the form of a story line (including 21 main categories and one core category) and a paradigmatic model. Generally Micro-influenced stories from expressing oneself indicates that the increasing growth of communication has changed the way we interact in various ways. Lifestyle changes and increasing consumerism in people have created new needs. As a result, it can be said that with the change in the structure and living conditions and the new opportunities that social networks have created for individuals, fundamental changes and transformations have occurred in the needs of young people

Urban regeneration is an approach to update the old texture of the city, while maintaining the identity and originality of the neighborhood, responding to the daily needs and sustainable urban development. One of the strategies to achieve these conditions is to realize the dimensions of tourism in urban areas. The economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions of sustainable tourism are consistent with the variables and indicators of regeneration. For this purpose, the current research has investigated the role of urban tourism dimensions in recreating the historical context of Yazd city with the help of four main tourism variables. The aim of the current research is to know the mutual relations between urban tourism and the reconstruction of the old context of Yazd city. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is citizens living in the old context of Yazd city with a sample size of 375 people using Cochran’s formula and 30 urban specialists and experts. The results of the research showed that the development of tourism has played the biggest role in the indicators of the physical and economic dimensions. Also, urban tourism has played a role in creating cultural facilities, entertainment and sports centers, increasing social relations, cultural exchanges, strengthening the city’s cultural identity, developing service activities, and preventing economic stagnation. The results obtained from the SOAR analysis showed that the most important role of tourism is the development of social dimensions and people’s participation of the old fabric of the city in tourism programs and urban regeneration plans and creating suitable places to see and visit to attract more tourists.

Globalization process and rapid urban expansion have affected the historical fabrics causing forgetfulness and physical-functional worn-out fabrics. Therefore, the present study aims to identify drivers affecting the sustainable development of the world heritage area of Yazd City and investigate how these factors affect each other. Hence, this is applied research in terms of objective and an analytical-exploratory study in terms of method. Data were collected through the documentary-survey method. Moreover, the variables identified through brainstorming, literature review, studied upstream documents, field reviews, and interviews with experts were integrated, scrutinized, and then vague options were removed. Finally, 23 factors were introduced as the sustainable development drivers of the world heritage of Yazd in sociocultural, economic, physical-functional, and managerial-organizational scopes. Ultimately, the identified 23 factors were evaluated using the Delphi technique based on the opinions of 15 experts and elites through the MICMAC Software. The results of variables’ dispersion in influence and dependence diagrams through MICMAC Software indicated system stability. In the end, 10 key factors were identified with the strongest influence scores and 10 key factors with the strongest dependence. In terms of direct and indirect influence and dependence, seven key factors were identified as future development drivers for the historical fabric of Yazd. Managerial policies, social security, and well-being, rules, and regulations, incentive policies, tourism services' status, investment rate, public and private sector, diverse job opportunities, coordination between organizations, awareness level, urban management specialty, and upstream plans were respectively the most strategic factors for sustainable development of the historical fabric of Yazd.

The development of human-oriented transportation is one of the programs that practically and correctly implement and restore peace to the urban transportation system, i.e.  cycling. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the exploratory cycling routes and its effect on the revival of the historical context of the under-study city. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of its applied-developmental purpose, its nature, and method. The collection of information in this research was done through library, document, and survey methods. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Yazd city. To estimate the sample size, the personal estimation method was used, and 120 people were considered as the sample size. In this research, targeted methods (snowball and theoretical sequence) have been used to collect the information. AHP (Gaussian preference function), Prometheus, and regression (ANOVA) were used as statistical methods to analyze the data. The results of this research show that based on the AHP test (Gaussian preference function), the indicators of the simplicity, shortness of the path, and the presence of shared bicycles, should be given the first priority. Also, the indicators of connecting bicycle paths to the public transportation stations and facilitating the possibility of moving bicycles on vehicles, should be given the last priority. In the following, by using the Prometheus method, the criteria and indicators of the research were prioritized, and it was found that the accessibility criterion with a final rating of 0.359, is in the first rank and the continuity criterion, is in the last rank with a final rating of 0.118. Finally, by using the regression test (ANOVA), it was found that there is a significant correlation between strengthening the cycling path of Farrokhi Street and the revitalization of the historical context of Yazd city. Therefore, strengthening the cycling path of Farrokhi Street can lead to the revival of the historical fabric of Yazd city

The growth of population in cities and urbanization has led the managers and urban theorists to find possible and correct solutions for urban development. In 1980 and 1990, the redevelopment of abandoned lands was raised in the subset of the infill development policy. The policy addresses the redevelopment of zones within cities that are polluted, battered, abandoned. These zones have different potentials, such as access to urban equipment and facilities. In practice, the redevelopment of these lands may be associated with challenges such as the type of ownership, accessibility, and economic viability, etc. Measuring and ranking their redevelopment capacity can be an important planning step in returning these lands to the urban development cycle. In the past, Yazd city had some factories and active industries that are now located within the city due to the urban growth and expansion. Currently, these sites are abandoned and have environmental pollution. These sites lead to many social, economic, environmental, and landscape issues. These issues include reduced social security, lack of a sense of belonging, reduced desirability for settlement in these lands, devaluation of land, adjacent municipal waste disposal sites, unpleasant urban image, and spatial discontinuities. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the redevelopment capacity of the abandoned lands (former Manufactory - Industrial Lands) in Yazd city.

This research is an applied type of research. The research employs a descriptive-analytical research method, and the data is collected by bibliographic study and interviews. Delphi, ANP, Super Decision, and Arc GIS software were employed for data analysis. In the first step, the criteria and the indices are extracted from theoretical literature. The criteria and indices have been scored by Delphi method, and accordingly, the weight of each criterion is defined by the ANP method in the Super Decision software. In the next step, industrial zones of Yazd city were recognized on the basis of weighted criteria in Arc GIS software. Finally, Yazd industrial zone redevelopment capacity has been achieved in 5 classifications (very high development capability, high development capability, medium development capability, low development capability, and very low development capability).

According to the results of the network analysis process in Super Decision software, the following criteria are prioritized: 1-Site physical status with 0.451 coefficient of significance, 2- Economy with 0.387 coefficient of significance, 3- Infrastructure with 0.161 coefficient of significance. Respectively, location in the city (0.223), owner willingness or activity status (0.220), access to a network of passages (0.118), quality of buildings (0.117), area (0.114), ownership (0.094), price (0.036), access to public transport (0.033), burnout status (0.027) and access to utilities (0.013) are significant sub-criteria. The results show that the lands in the middle and central texture of Yazd have very high and high development capability, which indicates the importance of the location in the city. The lands that have the highest redevelopment capacity have the best access to the pathways. Therefore, location in the city, owner willingness (activity status), access to passages and areas are of high importance. Also, the low ratio of highly developed land area to total land area (35.8) indicates the low redevelopment capacity of manufactory-industrial lands. These results can help urban planners and managers prevent unnecessary growth and expansion of the city in the future and mitigate the low density and urban dispersal.

Redevelopment of lands is a complex and multidimensional process in environmentally deprived sites with urban facilities and infrastructure. This process requires supportive laws and regulations, social participation of owners, citizens, and attention to outreach projects. Most redevelopment projects are costly at first, but if redeveloped to suit the site's features properly, it will bring economic benefits in the long run. This approach can respond to the cities' need for growth and development due to population growth and urbanization and inappropriate use of urban land, leading to good land management. It can also bring vitality, dynamics, social identity, and quality of life back to inefficient urban areas and contexts.

The redundancy of changes index in area of Yazd over its population in the last 50 years and a significant gap between net and gross density indicate inadequate planning in development of housing and land uses, and abandonment of some lands from logical process of development. This issue is clearly existing in District 1-1. It is faced with high volume of abandoned lands, gap between gross and net densities in the region is high and its population density has been less than the density of Yazd during last 20 years. The essence of research is applied using documentary data. Criterias selected based on frequency and appropriateness to spatial position of research. Final scores and scores based on TOPSIS technique were basis for generating “Capacity map of lands with Infill Development Potential” and determining “areas with development potential in each neighborhood”. The resultant scores of plots led to production of a ranking map of neighborhoods of region 1-1 in terms of the capacity of lands with infill development potential in four dimensions: physical-spatial, managerial-institutional, economic and demographic-social which shows high potential of Mahmoudabad and Nasrbad neighborhoods, compared to other neighborhoods: Sajjadiyeh, YazdBaf, Sayed-Sahra, Jomhuri and Kathnavi. The results of this research can be known as guide for urban managers to prioritize practical actions or provide construction incentives for a variety of micro and macro builders in region/district due to considering Regulations and suggestions of the above plans and the feasibility of changes, among the research process.

Over the past decades, the horizontal growth of cities has led to the integration of rural-garden areas within the parent city. This phenomenon is more serious in the arid areas of Iran because of the limited networks of water supply (Qanat) and the proximity of settlements around this network and has caused the destruction of the gardens of these urban textures that are rural-based. This research seeks to measure the resilience of urban gardens in the arid climate of Iran with a scientific, comprehensive and spatial model and has developed a conceptual model based on the literature of the concepts of resilience, garden and development. Moreover, from the theoretical frameworks, methods and techniques of resilience topics, indicators appropriate to the resilience of gardens are listed and compiled under the Framework of Studies on the Resilience of Gardens. This framework, which has five dimensions, including ecological, social and cultural, economic, physical and institutional, has been used to understand the typology of gardens. Moreover, to calculate the coefficient of the importance of different layers, Super Decision software was used. The results of the primary scoring of Delphi method based on Thomas L. Saaty binary comparison are the input data of the software to determine the weight of layers. The results were analyzed to measure the resilience of gardens using ArcGIS software, for spatial analysis, and SPSS software, to conduct F test on the results. The entire process of identifying the data and finally identifying the resilience and prioritization method of the gardens is presented in a model for measuring the resilience of gardens. The developed model has three important capabilities. In the first place, it has the power to measure the resilience of gardens from all aspects affecting a garden. Secondly, based on this measurement, gardens may be prioritized according to resilience and information may be provided in a spatial manner. This model is implemented on the gardens of Yazd city as a case study, and the resilience of the gardens of Yazd city is determined and prioritized based on it.

The inefficient urban tissue is part of the citychr('39')s body left out of the urban scene because of too much deterioration. Therefore, along with the emergence of various problems and their effects on different areas, paying attention to dysfunctional tissues and eliminating their instability has become a severe issue. The need to intervene in these tissues in different periods is necessary. Urban regeneration, with the integrated redevelopment that includes physical, social, economic, and environmental dimensions. As a solution for achieving spatial justice, social equality, economic vitality, and ecological health. Given the increasing pace of urban change, future research is a tool for achieving sustainable regeneration to face the urban futurechr('39')s uncertainties. This article aims to explain the future of the inefficient Tissue of Yazd city in the long-term horizon of 2035 to achieve sustainable urban regeneration.

 In terms of purpose, the present study is applied. The method is a combination of documentary and survey methods. Its methodology is in the field of future study. Datatype is qualitative and, in terms of time is cross-sectional data. For analyzing variables, the method of cross-impact and scenario wizard software has been used.

The results showed that among the factors affecting the future of inefficient tissue, ten drivers play a role in the regeneration of the inefficient tissue of Yazd. In total, 30 uncertainties were determined for drivers. Finally, based on expertschr('39') opinions and based on the Wizard scenario software analysis, two robust scenarios were obtained.

 Based on the analysis of robust scenarios, the first scenario considers the critical situation and the second scenario the optimal conditions for the future of the inefficient Tissue of Yazd city. Finally, solutions are presented to achieve the desired future in the second scenario.

Windcatchers in Yazd are a prominent example of energy saving through building design in hot-arid climates. Therefore, careful quantitative and numeric study of their performance and behavior can be beneficial towards achieving climate-friendly solutions. this research is carried out based on field studies and long-term measurement of climatic factors in a traditional windcatcher in Yazd. In this study the results of long-term measurements of wind flows around and inside the windcatcher of Mortaz house as a sample in Yazd’s historical fabric are presented to examine its performance in utilizing wind energy.  A local station for extracting micro-climatic data from the study region was installed and the windcatcher was equipped with devices and censors for climate data measurement. comparing the velocity profiles for the outward airflow of the windcatcher and the local wind flow in hottest and coldest days of the year indicated a higher conformity between the abovementioned airflows in the cooling period (hot days of the year). Furthermore, the higher velocity of winds in summer compared to winter in the region which causes increased airflow inside the windcatcher during the cooling season also indicates better performance during the cooling season compared to the heating season (cold days of the year). This also applies to ventilation during the night. Physical properties of the windcatcher were also compared with local climatic conditions. The orientation of the windcatcher allows it to receive 80% of dominant wind flows during summer, among which 48% are desired wind flows. therefore the goal of this paper is to present the pattern of wind behavior in the studied windcatcher in order to examine its conformity with local climatic conditions.

Rapid sprawl of urban areas in Iranian cities in the last few decades was the result of two population growth factors: (1) natural increase in population, and (2) migration to urban areas. These conditions are aggravated during times of transition from a pre-industrial society to an industrial one. This trend has led to a shortfall in many sectors, primarily housing. One of the innovative schemes in response to this problem in many cities like Yazd, which has received wide acknowledgement, has been “sites-and-services” scheme. In a sites-and-services scheme, the preparation of land and procurement of infrastructure and services are the responsibility of the project authorities. Depending on the investment made, resources available, the implementing agency or degree of organization of the beneficiaries, sites-and-services schemes were activated in a number of differing ways in Yazd. These types of schemes provide only what the households cannot easily get or afford themselves: a plot of land with basic, essential utilities (clean water, sanitation, flood protection, security lighting, etc.) and municipal services (waste collection, schools, etc.). Sites-and-services projects have formed the main pattern of urban development during the past decades in Yazd. However, many of these projects have had a planning oriented process, have just focused on land use planning, population density and transportation and have ignored the environmental qualities. These condition has created urban textures with very poor quality, image and townscape. Although there are references to the aesthetic aspect and its role in urban contexts in some of these layouts, what is witnessed in reality is discrepancies between buildings and spaces and, therefore, their lack of visual appeal. Meanwhile, the visual environment in urban contexts is composed of a sophisticated structure of physical and non-physical elements; it is the cognitive joint between humans and their environments; it can facilitate people’s perception and evaluation of their living context and boost their environmental comprehensibility. The objective of this research is to assess the physical indicators affecting the aesthetic component in contemporary urban developments formed as a result of site and services projects during the past four decades in different regions of Yazd. The related literature was reviewed to collect information and determine the study criteria regarding the physical indicators of aesthetic component in urban areas. The results from the literature review and observation survey served very well in codifying the variables and attributes for developing the questionnaire to examine the resident’s perception of the aesthetic components in their neighborhoods.  The questionnaire survey was done in 3 selected regions (region 10 in Imamshahr, 92 hectare project in Azadshahr and 93 hectare Kowsar project in Safayeh) that have been formed in difference times. A sample of 100 participants was selected randomly from residents in each region. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were performed. According to this study, the effect of any physical indicator is different from a region to another. Nevertheless, the width of the road and façade continuity has been mentioned in all the three studied regions. After that, visual balance and architectural style have an important role in the aesthetic component. The findings may also be used to improve the site and services scheme strategies and design guidelines regarding future urban development in Yazd and other cities in Iran.

Society of Iran has experienced the passage era from traditional society to modern very fast and without creating the necessary infrastructure especially in the field of construction, therefore, to achieve a worthwhile construction must look at the latent patterns of the past constructing and attention to the cultural and social needs of the community today.The present article an attempt to Perceive “arrangement the spaces of the house” with analytical model “Space Syntax” and the main question of this article is that with study “Spatial communication three periods houses Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Republic” with the method space syntax, how is the change in the arrangement spaces of the house. Though another study has been done in this area but this research is trying so according to model “Space Syntax” this perception was achieved, because if this perception arranged in the form of an analytical model, will be achieved predictive fields possible behaviors in the desired spaces of the houses period Qajar, Pahlavi and the difference is with the houses period Islamic Republic. Research method in this article is descriptive – analytical that is done with a process of "component to whole" and use of softwares “A-grath” and “Depth map”. The research findings indicate that arrangement the spaces of the house has been persistent in the Qajar period until the early Pahlavi and the culture of society has an important role in shaping the spaces and how they are organized, but by changing the way of life and the appearance of modernity and lack of time to fit into the needs of the community was created an eclectic impression of the thoughts of other cultures. Therefore, a deep gap was created between the new samples made in this period with the previous samples.

Social relations in the historic fabric of the city of Yazd have been formed according to the neighborhood identity. Accumulation of these relationships over the years led to the creation of a broad set of social ties among the residents. Whereas In recent decades, for some reasons the concept of social capital in historic fabric of the city of Yazd has declined; it is essential that by recognizing the level of social capital in the neighborhoods, strengthen its dimensions. The main purpose of this research is to measure the social capital in the historic Posht-e Bagh neighborhood of Yazd. The method of present research is of survey type and the questionnaire tool was used to collect data. After investigating the prestigious sources in this regard, and considering the conditions and requirements of the population under study, 12 indicators, including the capacity to accept differences, information and awareness of the neighborhood, the sense of safety, Associational activities and common purpose, participation in local community, empowerment, the sense of trust, supporting networks, Collective norms and values, the sense of belonging, neighborhood connections, and value of life were determined. In this research, stage random method was used for sampling. Based on the Cochran formula, the sample size is consisting of 333 residents of the Posht-e Bagh neighborhood that each one represents a household. The results show that regarding the significance level of indicators, all of them impact on the social capital and there are multiple relationships between them and the social capital. The social capital in the historic fabric of Posht-e Bagh neighborhood is in the midrange as well; the main factor can be considered depopulation study area caused by original residents moved to the suburbs and replacement with low-income people and foreigners.

During the past decades many design strategies have been used in urban spaces of Iranian cities to increase the inclusiveness of these spaces. But still, there are some problems and worries that many groups such as elderly citizens have when it comes to urban public spaces. One of the principles necessary in providing comfort for users of urban spaces is prompting environmental security. The pleasance of an urban spaces depends, on one hand, on being protected against danger and physical injury and, on the other, on mental protection against insecurity and fear of crime. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of physical components of Khan square as an urban space on sense of security in old citizens. A total of 200 people with the age of 55 and above participated in the survey. The research method used is survey type which is a type of applied study in which techniques such as library documents and references as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression and Pearson's Correlation Test are used. Findings of the research indicate that components such as security, light and urban texture have the most effect on the sense of safety in urban space.