جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

At the end of the Qajar era, with the arrival of Haj Sheikh Abd al-Karim Haeri to the city of Qom, we see an organized seminary in this city. With his strong management, he created a strong academic field that became the source of great scientific developments over the course of a century. The government's prohibition and lack of acceptance of the media and the reluctance of seminarians to benefit and effectively participate in the field of new media in this period has caused scientific inactivity in the field of knowledge of mass communication tools and the production of knowledge and sciences related to media and communication based on Islamic and national foundations. Do not prosper in Iran.However, the functional examination of the seminary and the clergy in this period shows that the clergy did not prepare themselves to enter the field of media and communication knowledge, and from 1342 to 1357, the type of interaction of the Qom seminary with the media in the field of knowledge is such that only from a jurisprudential point of view Scientific research has been done. The emergence of newly emerging social issues in the field of media and communication knowledge after the victory of the Islamic Revolution caused seminaries and seminaries to bring their scientific and research capacity to the field and investigate phenomena from a religious perspective in the three fields of human resource training, research, and policy making. Media and communication. Although the seminary of Qom and its seminaries are at the beginning of their activity in the scientific and scientific field of media and communication, they are trying to create the platforms of innovation in these three fields in order to respond to the discourse needs of our era in the production of Islamic humanities. , to show the logical design of ideas, the prevalence of theorizing, methodical innovation and institution building to answer new questions in the field of media and communication. The upcoming research, using the analytical descriptive method, seeks to present a comprehensive functional report of the innovative knowledge activities of seminaries in these three important fields.

Since little research has been done so far on houses of Shiraz that qualify and have valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture, with a relatively comprehensive understanding of organization’s performance. The spatiality of houses can be used to achieve activity systems and behavior patterns of different users in them; Therefore, in case approach of research, Zakeri House has been selected as an existing, comprehensive and containing information of the one-sided Pahlavi construction of Shiraz. Therefore, the current research is an applied research in terms of the objective, and in terms of data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. The obtained results show that in the one-sided construction of first side of Shiraz, by removing functional yard and turning it into a transitory space, as well as by removing connecting spaces and corridors, it reduces performance of spatial organization in architecture. Thus, in examining the performance of the spatial organization of one-sided Pahlavi houses in Shiraz, the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "permeability" in the system of space planning and the component "Connection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the component of "average relative depth" in the system of space planning and the components of "relative rank" and " Separation" in the functional system of the space are considered as negative indicators with a reducing effect on the performance of the space.

Evacuation modelling is a tool for measuring the performance of building design for safe evacuation of occupants during emergencies such as fires. The first evacuation modelling efforts date back to the mid-70s. To date, a wide range of evacuation models have been developed, with numerous problems having been studied in various scientific disciplines. In the present study, a database of 152 original papers was developed through a systematic search in the field of evacuation modelling, and their data was used to answer three key questions. The first question was that of the role of architectural design in the entire body of research. Architectural design issues are one of the five fields in evacuation modelling research being considered in a variety of scales in the design process. The second question was that of important elements of evacuation modelling. This was answered by data analysis. From the perspective of variables and their relationship, it was found that several elements have been considered as independent variables in evacuation modelling, with their design features being considered as measures to explain other dependent parameters. The third question was that of the relationship between architectural elements and other modelling parameters. When a modelling is aimed at evaluation of a design, the results can cause significant changes in the original design.Modelling methods are also relevant to the levels of design development. In early stages, macroscopic modelling can lead to the rejection or acceptance of a design alternative or schema, or demonstrate whether or not the design conforms to the required performance criteria. In more advanced stages, microscopic modelling is applied as a tool to make fine tunings of dimensions, configuration details and layouts of columns and furniture. The results showed that the swarm intelligence-based methods are the emerging field among microscopic models that can result in lower computational cost and more accurate results.

Statement of Problem: 

The mosque, as a place of behavior, establishes a deep connection with its audience. This connection has been an inseparable part of the mosquechr('39')s function for many centuries from the emergence of mosques until today.
Numerous factors play a role in the audiencechr('39')s behavioral and perceptual experiences in man-made spaces, including mosques. Among these factors, changes in shape, variety of types and physical structure in mosques are involved in the audiencechr('39')s behavioral and spatial experiences. In the last decade, we can see an increase in the formation of neighborhood mosques in Qazvin, but unfortunately most of these mosques lack the vitality, dynamism and the desired presence of the audience and have only become prayer spaces, which makes it impossible to create a connection between space and audience.

Aim of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to explore the type of typology and body of mosques on the perception of the audience so that the spatial experiences of the audience are affected by the type of Carcio geometry, proportions, peer and class accesses and spatial hierarchy. On the other; The diversity and adaptability of activities and perceptual mediators affected by the body of mosques on the presence of the audience in the mosque have been studied.

In the research, first; Data collection, by recording events and fieldwork techniques, has been studied in three mosques with a traditional structure of the central courtyard and three mosques with a class structure in the city of Qazvin. Space with depthmap10 software has been used by using spatial layout indicators and since to evaluate the weight of components affecting how to perceive and behave qualitatively, the above method can not be used alone through the survey method and questionnaire design and data analysis by Amous22 statistical software Correlation analysis is performed and significant relationships are inferred between the involved variables.
The research findings indicate that the types and physical components of architecture such as; Distribution and interconnection, depth, spatial connection, arrangement and relationship of internal accesses to diversity, activity adaptability and also the type of audience perception according to perceptual mediators (needs and preferences of the audience) with the duration of the stop and the presence of mosque audience, create a strong and direct relationship.

Minarets are one of the key elements of Islamic Architecture and especially in Iran there are valuable examples of them in the Razi style. After The spread of Islam, religious ideas have been influential in the construction and decoration of minarets and Used in the concepts of their inscriptions. In the meantime, the Quranic inscriptions on these minarets can be one of the important sources for understanding and examining the religious and belief views of people and architects as well as their function; a subject that has been paid less attention to in the Recognition and verification of architectural works function. The following study tries to investigate the concepts used in them, while identifying Quranic Ayah (verses), by examining the inscriptions of Razi style minarets in Iran. Also, the relationship between the concepts or themes of the Qur'anic verses in the inscriptions of the Razi style minarets and their function will be the main question of the upcoming research. In this study, in addition to identifying Razi style minarets and their classification, the main goal of the article is to analyze the themes of Quranic inscriptions to Recognition and verification their usage. The upcoming research tries to extract, categorize and analyze the most used concepts in these verses. These analyzes are important to read the Function of minarets. To achieve this goal, the Quranic inscriptions of Razi style minarets, which are mostly Seljuk, have been identified in the library and field studies, and some of the mentioned minarets have been visited to verify the text of the inscription. After documenting the inscriptions and identifying their verses, the texts of the verses were analyzed using the interpretation-analytical approach (content analysis). Based on the studies, the repetition of the concepts of "expressing the attributes of those who invite to God", "monotheism" and "expressing the attributes of God" in the verses of the minaret inscriptions is significant. As a result, the verses of these inscriptions mostly deal with the two general issues of "sign" and "guidance", according to which the function of the minaret can be considered as "Media and sign for guidance".

In any architectural space, one of the most important issues is how to perceive and understand the body of architecture in the minds of the audience. Is it sound that every architectural body creates the same shape and perception of all human beings, or is there an essential difference in this matter? The main question of the research is what was the quality of this perception in the architecture of monuments?Research Question: What is the mechanism of the perceived quality of contemporary monuments? Which of the following components is more important in the quality of perception of contemporary monuments from the perspective of the audience of these works?

 The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that used a survey research design. The statistical population included architecture students of different universities in the country. The stratified random sampling method was used to determine the statistical sample size of Cochran's formula at the level of 0.05. According to the statistical population (1700 people) and the determined coefficients, the statistical sample size was 303 people. To collect data, a closed questionnaire was used. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson r correlation test was used for research analysis. According to the theoretical foundations and literature of the subject, in the present study, three general categories of semantic quality, aesthetic quality, and functional quality can be identified, each of which is divided into sub-components.The

 Regarding the dimension of identity and originality of semantic quality, the findings of the regression model show that the quality of mental aesthetics (0.42) and the quality of performance (0.24) have a considerable effect and causal relationship with the dimension of identity and originality of semantic quality. Regarding the sense of the belonging aspect of semantic quality, the findings of the regression model show that the quality of performance (0.32) and the quality of mental aesthetics (0.27) have the most effective impact and causal relationship with the dimension of sense of belonging to the semantic quality of the building. Regarding the readability dimension of semantic quality, the findings of the regression model show that the quality of objective aesthetics (0.41) and the quality of performance (0.34) have a considerable effect and causal relationship with the readability dimension of the semantic quality of the building. Comparison of the findings shows that the quality of services (ie security, strength, and services provided in the building) has a causal effect on all dimensions of the semantic quality of the building, among which has the most effective impact on the readability dimension of the building. But about the mental and objective aspects, the aesthetic quality of the findings is different. In this way, the quality of existing aesthetics has the most effective impact on the legibility dimension of semantic quality and does not have a significant effect on the aspects of originality and identity of semantic quality. While the mental aspect of aesthetic quality has a considerable impact on the dimension of originality and identity of semantic quality and does not have a significant effect on the readability dimension of semantic quality. Also, the objective aspect of aesthetic quality has no important outcome on the sense of belonging aspect of semantic quality. While the mental aspect of aesthetic quality has a significant and causal effect on the sense of the belonging dimension of semantic quality.

Today, the important and role of urban furniture is an essential component of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphic in Sadeghieh neighborhood of Tehran. The methodology governing the research is descriptive –analytical and in terms of purpose is applied research. The method of date collection in the present study is documentary-filed and has been used to develop theoretical foundation and extract research indicators in the form of a questionnaire to improve the quality of environmental graphics. In analyzing the research finding, statistical test in the form of Spss software have been used to investigate the factors affecting urban furniture in improving the quality of environmental graphics. In analyzing the research findings, factor affecting the performance of urban furniture such as physical factors (10 items), economic factors (8items) and social factors (8items) have been used. Coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the criteria. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between two social and economic criteria with 95% confidence. In calculating the correlation between economic and physical dimensions, since the significance level of the relationship between these two criteria was less than 0.01; therefore, it can be said that is relationship between the economic and physical dimensions with 99% confidence. The results of multivariate regression calculation between independent variable and dependent variable showed that there is a linear relationship between independent and dependent variable.

What is very important in determining the development goal of countries is the study of rural management and its performance in rural planning from the bottom up. Dehyari, as the main organization of rural management, has an important and effective role in achieving sustainable rural development. This development largely depends on the satisfaction of its members. Therefore, no development can take shape without the participation, satisfaction and social trust of the villagers. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate and analyze the satisfaction of villagers with the performance of rural areas, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of practical purpose. Data were collected in two methods field and library. Its statistical population consists of three cities of Azna, Khorramabad and Kuhdasht of Lorestan province. 344 villages were selected based on three indicators: spatial distribution at the city level, Dehyari degree and Dehyari establishment history. Villagers' satisfaction with the performance of villages in the three areas of basic and functional functions, motivational function and service quality (reliability, responsibility, physical dimension, management style and empathy), studied and using Kano model, evaluation of service quality gap and Spss software was analyzed. The results show that the highest satisfaction of the residents of the study area is: reliability, responsibility, physical dimension, management style, motivational function, basic and functional function and its lowest satisfaction, respectively. is the sympathy of the villagers.

 A number of theories have been proposed about the relation between culture, lifestyle, architecture, and spatial structure. The ‘Closet-Space’ or ‘Sandogh-Khaneh’ is an example of this implication. It was considered as a side element in traditional Iranian houses that used to assist the architect in creating the spatial proportions in some cases, but actually, it had a functional role in creating the interior space in traditional Iranian houses.

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the role and function of the ‘closet space ‘and to address its location in traditional Iranian houses; A few Yazd traditional houses have been considered as a case study.

The research adopted the analytical- descriptive analysis. Following the collection of the data through the bibliographic method, and observations were carried in the field. In bibliographic studies, various resources such as books, prestigious journals, and architectural plans were used for gathering the required information.

The findings of the study showed that ‘closet space’ used to play a functional role in creating the privacy and interior space of traditional Iranian houses. A kind of space was allocated for recreation, prayer, meditation, or storage of various tools and equipment; A place next to the key spaces of the house or in a corner place of that space, where its function was also affected by the location.

Rural management in Iran, after many ups and downs, began a new experience with the formation of Islamic councils and the establishment of the Dehyari institution. Now that almost two decades have passed since the beginning of the new model of rural management, Due to the multiplicity and dispersion of villages on the one hand and issues and problems related to equipment, empowerment, economic efficiency of providing services and... On the other hand, Rearranging the current pattern is essential. And in this process, measuring the satisfaction of the villagers as the main stakeholders is important. The present study, which aims to evaluate and analyze the satisfaction of villagers with the performance of rural areas, It is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in purpose. Research data were collected in two methods field and library.The statistical population of the study includes all cities of Qazvin province. One or two sections of each city have been selected taking into account the indicators of spatial extent and the number of villages with rural areas. In the next, according to the number of villages with rural areas, the target villages were randomly selected. A total of 427 questionnaires from residents of 40 villages in Qazvin province have been completed. Villagers’ satisfaction with the performance of rural management (Dehyari) was analyzed in three dimensions of functional requirements, basic requirements and motivational requirements and in eight components related to these dimensions, using Kano model, service quality gap assessment and SPSS software. The results of the research show that the highest level of satisfaction in the three dimensions mentioned was related to the dimension of performance requirements and then related to the dimension of basic requirements and the dimension of motivational requirements, respectively. Also, among the nine sections studied from the six cities of Qazvin province, the best level of satisfaction with the performance of rural areas is related to the “Dashtiabi” section of “Buin Zahra” city, “Tarom Sofla” section of Qazvin city and “Ziaabad” section of “Takestan” city. The lowest level of villagers’ satisfaction was related to “Beshariyat” section of “Abiek” city and “Ramand” section of “Buin Zahra” city

Ornament, has a special role in the understanding of the user, in the scale of the building, its function, and structural expression, so that the amount of ornament used, the location and the relationship with the components of the building, make it an effective and special element in the history of architecture. Shortage of coherent studies between ornament and mentioned factors caused this research to done.  The question of whether ornament can influence the perception of the user in understanding the above factors is important. Therefore, the present research hypothesizes that in the periods of history, the ornament has been in the pursuit of goals such as functional clarity, scalability, and clarity in the structural expression, and in periods has disconnected with clarity of these factors. Previous studies have surveyed ornament from the point of geometric dimension and semantics without considering these three factors mentioned above. This paper has a comparative- analytical approach. Accordingly, the components of "scale", "functional clarity" and "structural expression" are described with a focus on the subject of "ornamentation" in the two periods of modern and postmodern architecture, were surveyed using content analysis and referring to written and visual sources of Architectural examples of each two periods (Famous works by vanguard architects). The comparison is carried out in two phases of qualitative (for some famous building) and quantitative (by a checklist) methods in architecture. Selecting and evaluating the selected statistical society was done in the form of a checklist. The criterion for completing the checklist was based on logical reasoning and the authors' assessment of the available evidence. In selecting case studies, at first 100 samples of buildings - 50 samples for each period - were selected as target samples. The reason for being targeted at this stage has had the selection of the appropriate works of the famous architects. Then, 50 cases (25 samples for each period) were selected randomly to achieve the validity of the samples which was used in the quantitative evaluation. Then, among the works of the indexes of the mentioned periods, some of them were purposefully explained the results and their quantitative description.  Finally, it was concluded, from quantities and qualities analysis, that the type of ornamental approach could play a role in understanding the scale, functionality, and structural expression. In modern architecture, the style of Chicago school, there is an organic approach to ornamentation, it has united with the materials and to increase the effective exposure of the three indicators considered in this article. Also, in modern European architecture, with the removal of ornament is emphasized on the clarity of the scale, building function and in the expression of the structure in most works of that period. But in postmodern architecture (initial and shell oriented postmodern), with the disconnection of the decorative shell with the interior space and orientation of the decorative wall to the environment and the effect of it, a different approach was seen and vice versa than in the previous two periods.

Historical Bazaars as the backbone and heart of the city are the most important public spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities that have long played a significant role in the life of urban communities with their physical, economic, social and cultural functions. The historical Bazaar of Ardabil city is one of the most important historical Bazaars whose various functions have made it a vibrant hub with a strong centrality. Despite its ups and downs throughout history, and the physical changes of Ardabil city notwithstanding, it has managed to maintain its functions. The main purpose of this research is to identify the most important functions of the historical Bazaar of Ardabil city and analyze their significance. The research is applied in terms of purpose and its research method is descriptive-analytical. In order to collect data, library-documentary and field studies in the form of observations, questionnaire tools and opinions of relevant experts on the subject have been used to achieve the objectives of the research. Data were analyzed using the Dematel and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) models. The research findings show that the functions of "Arousing a sense of belonging and attachment in users", "Presence of different social strata" and "Business activities of different Asnaf (guilds)", respectively, with significance coefficients of 0.668, 0.536 and 0.493 are the most important functions of Ardabil historical Bazaar.

Historical Tabriz holds a rich architectural and urban legacy from the time it was the political capital of Ilkhanid, Turkmen Qoyunlu, and Safavid powers, of which only traces remain today over the course of historical events. The Saheb-abad square and complex which was among the earliest examples of urban open spaces of Iran dates back to the Mogul Ilkhanid era, of which only some deteriorated buildings remain and an altered name (Saheb al-Amr). Therefore, it is important to research the historical background and glory of this complex in order to preserve its past identity and improve historical continuity. In order to find answers to the research question which is about the physical and functional structures of the Saheb-abad square and complex from the very beginning of its creation (Ilkhanid period) to the height of its glory (Safavid period), the developments of this complex were studied and analyzed step by step using historical texts and sources such as written and illustrated documents. The content analysis research method was used with an interpretive-historical strategy. The results indicate a step-by-step design (not a predetermined design) affected by political/governmental forces (choosing Tabriz as the capital) at the early stages, and by natural events and historical wars through the rest of its history. The height of its physical and functional grandeur was during the reign of the Safavid monarch Shah Tahmasb.

Geometry is one of the most important elements in iranian architecture. Geometry is used in planning, drawing and decorating. Among outstanding components were ornaments used in many parts of houses. The realisation of ornaments in Iranian architecture is dependent on geometry, with geometry also generating variety in ornamental decorations. The ornaments used in the architecture of Dezful is usually made of bricks, and can be found in several parts of a building as secondary surfaces with astonishing diversity. The aim of this study is the documentation of geometric patterns and their underlying generative context in Dezful houses, answering research questions on the way. The research method is a combination of field studies and historical-interpretive methods, with data collected through library studies and personal observations. The data analysis method is based on Vikor method which opens a new scope on ornaments studies. Case studies are based on relevant traditional façades selected through data analyses based on Vikor and Entropy methods. The paper concludes that ornaments are diverse, and on top of their beauty, they have functions such as providing comfort for passers, increasing area in upper floors, ventilation, shading and thereby shielding against heat, protecting “Xowun”s from rain, and creating hierarchies.  In order to assess ornaments, the paper suggests, one can use the type of the ornament, its ratio, proportions, connections and layouts, as criteria.

Different historical and prehistoric periods have always involved the evolution of man-made artifacts. In this regard, the creation of artifacts by men has been linked to vari-ous requirements reflecting the effects of history, beliefs as well as material and imma-terial acts toward the subject of creation. Each object, based on the form and function associated with it, goes through a process in the formation of its form and content. In the present research, the ritual and symbolic containers and ewers in the collection of found artifacts, created in the historical period and used in religious ceremonies are studied. In this study, the typology of forms, functions and religious content of the ewers belonging to the Iranian plateau are compared to similar samples, and the visual and semantic indices of rhytons are validated against the common characteristics of ritual containers. Rhytons are a kind of ritual-ceremonial containers that were first known and made in the Asian Minor regions during the Neolithic Age. The formation of the contain-ers and the lack of the knowledge about the materials required has caused the use of mud for their creation during the late 5th millennium BC. With the advent of the potter's wheel, a richer and more distinct form of clay rhytons has emerged. Its metal and stone samples show the strength and value of the formation of rhytons for specific uses in the court and at the sultans. The present research tries to study the sample ritual, which have different yet similar forms and functions, find the commonalities in the formal and functional processing, and examine the effective components causing the similarities or differences in the form and function of the ritual containers by analyzing the typology of the rhyton samples in several historical periods. However, it was by no means con-fined to that region. Similar in form to, and perhaps originating from, the drinking horn, it has been widespread over Eurasia since prehistoric times. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and the sample includes library documents and field research. The results of the research show that the ritual and mythical origins as well as nature are in some way effective in the form processing and using conditions of the containers and ewers and the beliefs are effective in the function processing and use of the ritual objects and rhytons. The present article tries to study the rhyton sam-ples remained from various historical periods. The evidence of these samples is from the Neolithic, Medes, Achaemenid, and Sassanid periods. It also tries to find the form differences in accordance with the functions and criteria specified in the design of the ritual containers and analyze the typology of the rhytons in terms of artistic-industrialist ideas of the time through comparative study. The research questions in line with these purposes include: 1. What are the features of the form and function of the rhytons? 2. Which components are the base for the formation of the form and function of the rhy-tons? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytic and the samples are extracted from library documents and field research.

Permanent phenomena can take and loads over time and they become part of collective memories. Stability is a kind of historical continuity followed by cultural continuity. Various factors affect the survival of phenomena and purpose of this research is to identify these factors in architecture with emphasis on Tabriz Bazar architecture. The research method in this study is a descriptive – analytical and combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used to collect information by documentary-field method (observation, interviewing and questioning). The findings of the research indicate that the factors affecting the architecture of the Tabriz Bazar have been related to components of meaning and identity, functional and functional and ultimately physical. Also, these approaches have the most impact on the variability of the unique nature of the work (beautiful form, creativity and innovation of the effect, the desired effect), memorizing and creating a sense of belonging to space, combining with other spaces and functions (the existence of combinations) and the quality of presence Man was in the place. The results also show that the socio-cultural, economic and political evolutionary cycles such as values, customs and customs, changes in social interactions and economic relations and the political system governing society have also had different positive and negative effects on the architecture of the Tabriz Bazar.