جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "daylight" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

With the advancement of technology, energy consumption, particularly in the building sector, has significantly increased. Nowadays, designing smart facade shades is considered one of the proposed solutions in this field. However, designing optimal rule-based management systems that simultaneously minimize sunlight exposure, overheating, and energy consumption remains a challenging task for designers. To design a smart shade, it is necessary to first develop an appropriate and responsive motion pattern for the chosen performance. Considering that nature has always been a source of inspiration for humans and has sustainably operated over time, plants were selected as the inspiration source for designing the smart shade in this study. Plants, like buildings, are rooted and stationary yet respond to changes in their surrounding environment. Hence, they exhibit behavioral functions similar to building facades. This similarity arises from the fact that building facades, like plant skins, must protect the internal environment from external environmental changes. This highlights the importance of exploring plant-inspired sources to achieve desirable motion and form patterns. Additionally, Shiraz, characterized by a hot and semi-arid climate, was chosen as the case study due to its hot summers and intense sunlight on southern building facades, which necessitates the use of facade shades. The findings indicate that the movement of the smart facade shade in Shiraz’s climate, aligned with the sun’s path, can result in a 30% reduction in absorbed solar radiation on the transparent facade surface, as well as decreased daylight penetration and lighting intensity when the shade panels are fully closed. For shades with semi-open and open panels, the reductions were 50% and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, the lighting intensity in all shade states remained within standard ranges, demonstrating the efficient performance of the smart facade shade in Shiraz's climate. Finally, recommendations were made to enhance the practicality of facade shade design, including modular and expandable designs, adaptability to the surrounding environment, and digital methods for more precise product manufacturing.

Utilizing passive architectural elements to conserve energy and optimize natural lighting is a common solution in traditional Iranian architecture. Various factors such as building shape and orientation, window positioning, use of local materials, and shading devices are recognized as traditional architectural elements in warm and humid climates. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency and optimize architectural elements in the warm and humid climate of Bushehr city, focusing on energy consumption control and utilization of natural light.

Firstly, through documentary resources, the residential architectural patterns of Bushehr were identified. Then, using the Rhinoceros software environment and Grasshopper plugin, selected variables were parametrically modeled, and quantitative data analysis was conducted using energy tools and radiation analysis. Finally, optimal patterns were selected using a genetic algorithm, and the final response was presented with an annual performance analysis.

By optimizing passive strategies, UDI could be increased up to 96%, and energy consumption could be reduced up to 174.1 kWh/m2. In hot and humid climates, paying attention to the minimum absorption of sunlight is essential, in addition to the importance of using natural ventilation.

Using passive architectural elements such as the use of Shenashir, the proportions of the room and the window-to-wall ratio increases the performance of the building. The conclusion emphasizes the pivotal role of the contemporization of traditional houses in resolving contemporary architectural challenges, especially high energy consumption and environmental regulation.

Problem statement: Daylight is inherently dynamic and variable, which, depending on the architectural design characteristics of light-transmitting surfaces, especially their geometry, can create different patterns of light and shadow within the interior space. This, in turn, can affect the senses and sensory perceptions of residents, manifesting through their emotional responses and providing a distinctive and meaningful spatial experience. However, it appears that contemporary residential buildings do not provide an optimal level of perceptual effects of daylight in interior spaces for their residents. This may be due to architects’ lack of systematic, clear, and precise awareness of the perceptual effects of daylight.Research

This study aims to explain the relationship between geometric patterns of daylight distribution and the sensory perceptions of residents, as well as to identify the most reliable numerical indices for image processing to predict the relationship between these two aspects within the context of residential buildings.Research

This study has been conducted using a survey research method and an image processing method in a simulated environment.

The survey findings indicate that changes in the geometric patterns of daylight distribution significantly alter the average sensory perception assessment indices. This highlights the importance for architects to consider and manipulate the geometry of light-transmitting surfaces to create desirable environmental sensations. Additionally, the correlation findings between the survey research and the studied image processing indices suggest that the Michelson, mean-RMS, Fractal D, GIF file size, and RAW-PRIM8 indices are the most reliable for predicting pleasantness. The TIFF-SOBEL, JPEG-PERIM8, Michelson, JPEG file size, and PNG file size indices are the most reliable for predicting attractiveness. The TIFF-SOBEL, Mean mSC, JPEG-PERIM8, JPEG file size, and JPEG-PERIM4 indices are the most reliable for predicting excitement. The RAW-PRIM4, RAW-PRIM8, Michelson, Fractal D, and CANNY 2014-RAW indices are the most reliable for predicting spatial calmness.

Daylight plays an essential role in human perception, and various studies consistently support its positive effects on our overall well-being, encompassing physical health, mental satisfaction, and productivity.In Iran, with its wealth of sunlight and remarkable architectural legacy, attention to light and lighting has always been a paramount aspect of traditional architecture. This research aims to shed light on the impact of sunlight hours and light transmission within traditional buildings in Hamedan, located in Iran's cold climate region, by addressing the following questions:1) Are the solar hours within the spaces of local buildings in Hamedan sufficient throughout the year?2) Is there a discernible relationship between the components of light-transmitting surfaces and spaces that achieve the optimal amount of solar hours?By addressing these questions, this research endeavors to uncover valuable insights into the importance of daylight in Hamedan's traditional houses, enriching our understanding and appreciation of Iranian architectural heritage.

In total, the physical elements of 33 rooms and 9 yards were collected and analyzed in this research. Using the obtained information, the volume drawing of the buildings was done in AutoCAD and 3dMax software. The Ladybug plugin in the Grasshopper and Rhino software, which utilizes advanced daylight analysis engines, was employed to determine the percentage of shading in the yard throughout the year. Ecotect software was also used to analyze the brightness of daylight and the number of sunlight hours on the windows of selected spaces.In this research, to reach a more suitable answer, in addition to the regulations and standards of Iran, the regulations related to daylight and the number of sunlight hours in 11 other countries with cold climate regions were also examined. Optimal spaces in terms of daylight were identified in four main sections: 1) amount of brightness, 2) uniformity of daylight, 3) amount of sun hours, and 4) visibility to the outside, and they were graded and identified.

Analyzing information from the selected rooms using relevant software and daylighting standards, it was found that among the 33 examined rooms, 7 did not meet the minimum requirements for quality daylight and the required number of sunny hours, while the remaining 26 rooms met the standards for proper daylight quality.Upon analyzing the 26 rooms studied within the historical monuments of Hamedan city with minimum daylight quality, it was observed that 18 rooms face south, 4 face north, 2 face east, and 2 face west. All rooms, except for the 2 east-facing rooms, have the potential toreceive direct sunlight and meet the minimum sunlight hour requirement. By utilizing correlation graphs between space elements, a linear relationship between space elements, daylight quality, and appropriate sunlight hour exposure was determined. The identified relationships exhibited a high correlation coefficient, and a correlation equation was introduced to describe the relationship between these elements.

By examining the physical elements in all 26 selected rooms with sufficient daylight in Hamedan houses, the suggested design patterns with the highest value were identified. These suggested patterns act as effective solutions for room and window design in buildings located in Hamedan and other regions with similar cold and dry climates in Iran.

Office buildings are one of the largest consumers of energy in the building sector. There are several conservation opportunities in these buildings in terms of heating, cooling and lighting that if applied, peak loads in each area will be reduced significantly. One of the main energy consumers in office buildings is lighting systems, as providing sufficient lighting in office spaces is one of the main foundation for increasing employees’ satisfaction and productivity at the same time. Since Iran is located in a region benefiting from high annual solar radiation, it is viable to maintain the required illuminance level through proper design of windows and benefit from natural daylight. A review of the literature reveals that defining a proper window-to-wall ratio (WWR) will help to conserve heating and lighting energy. Several studies have introduced various WWRs for different cities of Iran, but none is focused on Sabzevar office buildings. Therefore, this article aims to introduce optimal window-to-wall proportions in an office room in Sabzevar, a hot arid climate, in order to reduce heating load during the cold period of the year and provide the least lighting energy using natural light simultaneously. To determine the optimal ratio of windows in office buildings in Sabzevar and build a proper model of an office room as a representative of office spaces in the city, 26 office buildings in the city were studied and measured. Next, the model with proper dimensions was selected. Afterwards, to carry out energy simulation, a weather file was adopted and validated against Sabzevar weather station data. The research was carried out doing parametric simulation by Grasshopper software. The window dimensions of an office room, in the hot and dry climate of Sabzevar were then simulated parametrically and optimized through a genetic algorithm. The feats of the design elements such as the exterior envelope of the model were selected based on literature review and measurable parameters. On the other hand, artificial lighting was defined according to existing standards and mathematical equations presented there. Finally, the optimal dimensions of the window for an office room were presented in four main directions. In this regard, 90 modes for the south façade, 254 modes for the north façade, 131 modes for the east façade and 126 modes for the west façade were simulated and compared. After simulation and analysis of different scenarios, it was concluded that the lowest total energy consumption with a window-to-wall ratio of 63% for the south wall, 47.6% for the north wall and 31.7% for the east and west walls will be obtained. Additionally, the effect of applying shading devices regarding the energy consumption of the model was studied. For this purpose, optimal shading angles introduced by the national building code of Iran were applied to the model under examination. It was found that shading will reduce cooling energy in the warm period of the year, however it will cause an increase in heating load during the cold season. It was also concluded that the best shading for windows in the city is a movable one.

In addition to creating visual comfort, the proper use of light and natural lighting in the interior can have positive effects on the physical and mental health, behaviors and attitudes, as well as the moods and performance of the residents. Also, natural daylight can reduce the demand for electric lighting system, so it is necessary to address this issue in indoor environments. The general purpose of this research is to understand the role of daylight in order to improve the quality of indoor space and increase human health, as well as to provide a solution for the optimal use of sunlight. In this regard, it seeks to answer the question of how daylight can be transferred to the interior space and what effects does its existence have on the various aspects of the audience's health? The method of the present research is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and the method of library and documentary studies has been used to collect information. The results of the current research have discussed the importance of the role and concept of daylight in interior spaces and how to use it properly and show that lighting is done by high-quality light channels compared to direct lighting from the building shell or traditional skylights. to be As a result, it can be said that the optical channel is a suitable choice for the transmission of daylight. This system transmits high-quality daylight to the depth of the building and provides lighting for spaces without daylight, and finally by responding to human needs, it improves the quality of indoor spaces and the physical, mental, social and cognitive health of humans. ; Therefore, the optical channel can be used as one of the effective methods of using daylight.

Today, with the acceleration of scientific advances in all fields, especially new construction and software technologies, attention to the use of renewable energy to reduce environmental pollution has been placed at the forefront of research programs. The use of a huge source of sunlight in the building, although it has been common for a long time, has become a necessity for survival today. Electronic science and knowledge of natural structures have also provided many possibilities to architects. Adapting the building to natural conditions without creating unwanted effects. Natural light is one of the important factors in designing quality educational spaces. Due to its canopy-like performance and its effect on the building's thermal behavior, the adaptive shell technology significantly improves the quality of the building's indoor environment in terms of building temperature control, daylighting, and natural ventilation. In this paper, the effect of adaptive skins on daylight control is discussed in a simulated model of a typical classroom in a hot, dry climate. The design process begins with the simulation of a classroom example using Rhino/Grass Hopper computational design software and using the Climate Studio plugin. This plugin is a parametric building energy simulation software, which in this article, according to the time and weather conditions of Yazd city in the hot and dry climate of central Iran, by using the simulation of daylight, glare and energy indicators in The current conditions of the sample model are examined and then assuming the installation of the dynamic shell, simulations and indicators are analyzed again. The Climate Studio plugin provides results according to the main criteria with great ease and speed of analysis. The findings of the research show that due to the intensity of radiation and high heat in the seasons, it is necessary to use a canopy to prevent glare in the classroom on most days of the year. Also, the effect of dynamic shells in controlling the intensity of radiation and glare and setting the conditions in an acceptable range of brightness and temperature is clearly evident. The results show that with the use of adaptive skins, daylight and environmental conditions are always within the range of visual comfort and optimal energy consumption at any time of operation. This is due to the adaptation of shell openings to climatic conditions, which is explained in detail in the text of the research. One of the most important results for the instantaneous light index is the excess radiation intensity, especially in December. Due to the southern direction of the sample class, annoying glare is seen and due to the radius of the rays reflected from the environment, its effect is greater near the window.. The advantages of folding shells and the use of new technologies in the facade of buildings, in addition to beauty, are the human desire to preserve the environment and maximize the use of renewable energy.

Due to demographic changes and the growing trend of urbanization and the consequent increase in energy demand in recent decades, energy supply has become one of the main concerns of human societies. The use of passive solutions and renewable resources for sustainable design, especially in the construction sector, is one of the ways to deal with the consequences of the crisis due to limited fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Among renewable energy, solar energy plays an important role in meeting the needs of the building, especially lighting. Daylight is one of the basic components of a passive solar building design. Proper integration of daylight with architectural design is considered one of the most effective means of reducing energy and the environmental problems and improve the quality of visual comfort and health. Among the various daylight systems available today, toplighting is used because of its ability to provide uniform daylight in spaces without facades or in deep rooms. The use of skylights in large stores, due to the high energy demand of this type of building and also the potential of using natural light, can reduce energy consumption and introduce daylight to deeper spaces. The purpose of this study is primarily to investigate the thermal and lighting performance of the installation of skylights in store buildings and in particular the Shahrvand Al-Ahmad branch store in Tehran. To achieve this goal, after defining the parameters affecting energy and light performance, the process of simulating daylight and energy was done in two stages: 1) skylight, and 2) clerestory. Models with parameters including the dimensions of the skylight, the height of the north and south curb, the type of glass in the model with skylights, and the height and type of glass in the model with clerestory were simulated, so that an appropriate solution in terms of light and energy can be achieved with the help of multi-objective optimization process,. The objectives are energy use intensity (EUI) and spatial useful daylight illuminance (sUDI), which were evaluated after the optimization process with the help of Pareto front diagrams. Finally, in the two mentioned models, sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the studied variables on the outputs.  According to the results, the skylights with SFR of 4.97% to 6.09% with the lowest curb height and double glazing with 0.10 emission coefficient, and high clerestories on the north and south walls and low clerestories on the east and west walls with double glazing with 0.10 emission coefficient have the best performance in terms of daylight and energy. Also, the skylight provides the same level of daylight with more uniformity compared to the clerestory in the same conditions, with 35% less glass area but with 12 kWh/m2 of higher energy consumption. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, the dimensions of the skylight and the height of the southern clerestory have the greatest impact on daylight and energy use in the model with skylights and clerestories, respectively.

One of the architectural design components that affects energy consumption and environmental comfort conditions is building envelopes. Among today's solutions to improve the efficiency of building envelopes is to establish a structural relationship between architecture, environment and biology. The focus of this study is on the characteristics of the cactus plant in water absorption and its purpose is to innovate in pattern design with the ability to save energy and improve lighting quality and user satisfaction with the light conditions of the space, by using Biomimicry in Building Envelope design. The present research has been done in two steps; in the first step, data collection in relation to the cactus plant was done by studying documentary-research sources and data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. Then, using the results of the analysis, the building shell model is designed and simulated. In the second step, a building model is used as a basis for simulation and the amount of brightness and glare from daylight, using the Climate Studio plugin, once in normal mode and again when the shell was on the building model was simulated and calculated. The results showed that by examining the mechanism of Water absorption and storage in the cactus and the equivalence of trichomes, epidermis and mucosa of this plant, achieved a model for building shells based on the maximum absorption of rainwater and moisture at dawn, as well as shading the facade of the building. Although according to the simulations, the proposed model reduces the index (sDA) by 1.4%, but in contrast, reduces the index (ASE) by 48%, which is a significant amount of improving indoor user comfort.

Proper use of daylight is use of free source and Paying attention to quantity and quality of energy, is very important in the architectural design. Given that change of building geometry can have different answer (even sometimes antithetical) in the energy and daylight, so finding optimal building geometry is very important. Despite high impact of the sensitivity analysis on the building energy performance and the reduction of simulation time, little research has been done in this field. This study wants to optimize the geometric proportions of an office building in Qom. Quantitative simulation of daylight and energy in the basic model of the research have been done and the geometric parameters of length, width and height of the building and also window to wall ratio of the north and south facade in different models will using genetic algorithm have been checked. Then, the effect of geometric parameters were determined by mathematical calculations in the global sensitivity analysis method based on the SRC method. The results indicate that in the optimal models, the length to width ratio of the building is 1.13 and the window to wall ratio for the south facade of the building is 43% and the window to wall ratio for the north facade of the building is 10% and the number of shading for the south facade is 2. The sensitivity analysis indicate length and width of building are the most important geometric parameter to achieving the energy _ daylight efficient in the context of this research.

Reuse of heritage buildings is the best strategy to preserve the building. The lack of attention to industrial heritage buildings compared to other heritage buildings has caused their destruction, while due to its huge scale, it can be used appropriately. In addition, these buildings usually do not provide daylight standards for health and productivity. The main goal is to analyze the current state of the daylight and find solutions to reduce glare and optimal use of daylight instead of artificial light.

The case study is the research on the building of the old steam boiler in the Ghaemshahr textile factory complex in Mazandaran province. Building modeling is done with Rhino and Grasshopper, and daylight is simulated in Honeybee and Ladybug plugins based on Radiance. The design parameters of the shading system for horizontal and vertical louvres have been examined in order of the width of the blades, the distance between them and the angle, and the width has been considered for the frame. These parameters are examined by manual optimization method. With scrutinizing and validation, it leads to a better selection of shading system for better productivity.

With the aid of shading systems, it is possible to reduce glare and have enough daylight in the space. Among the shadings, the vertical louvre reports the greatest effect in reducing glare.

The result is presented as a design guideline for industrial heritage buildings in a humid subtropical climate so that the building can be reused with minimal intervention.

Research Problem: 

Optimum use of daylight, as one of the main effective factors in improving the quality of office spaces, plays an important role in reducing electric energy consumption and improving the performance and health of employees. In high-rise buildings, usable space with the potential to benefit from sufficient daylight is often placed between the outer wall and the core of the building, which we call "useful space" here. The floor height, the floor area, the geometric shape of the plan, and the orientation of the building are the most important physical components affecting the ratio between the useful space and the entire floor space. By simple decision in the initial stages of design, while increasing the ratio of useful space to the entire floor space, future conflicts between different design components can be avoided to optimize the natural lighting of the building. The importance of this issue in the design of tall office buildings is more visible due to the importance of using natural lighting, scale, and correlation of design components

Research Question:

 how is the correlation between floor height, plan shape, and the orientation of the building with the spatial daylight autonomy (SDA), as an index to measure the amount of useful floor space with the potential of using natural lighting in the interior space?

This paper applies spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) to assess the impact of geometrical parameters on daylight performance by dynamic simulation in typical plan shapes of tall open office buildings in Tehran’s climatic conditions. The research involves three steps: First, 100 high-rise office buildings built before 2022 are investigated to find tall office buildings' most common geometrical aspects. Each geometry is parametrically modeled in the Grasshopper plugin in the second stage. For this step, initial data such as floor area core to floor area are entered as inputs of daylight simulation. The Honeybee parametric plugin inputs include data such as material reflection, glass Visual Transmission (VT), geographic location, activity period, and office layout. In the last part, simulation results for each case are compared and optimized.

The results indicate that among the evaluated geometrical factors, the orientation of the building is less important than the plan shape and ceiling height on the SDA. Among the studied plan shapes, the triangle shape had the best daylight performance concerning the SDA index, followed by the rectangle and ellipse plan shapes. Results show that a slight change in the geometry can improve SDA by more than 10%. A comparison of the results of the orientation study on the amount of natural light in the indoor environment based on the SDA index in each of the studied geometric shapes shows that the change of orientation of the building relative to the south improves to about 4.5% in the geometry of the triangle. This effect is up to 3% in rectangular geometry, about 2% in the ellipse, and about 1% in the square. Results can be used as a simplified method for architects in the early design stages to assess the impact of the geometrical characteristics on the daylight performance of tall office buildings in Tehran city.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the performance and impact of the building shell on natural lighting components and radiation reception, as components affecting the quality of the interior space, through designing a shell with Voronoi algorithm.

For this purpose, using the genetic algorithm and taking into account the Useful Daylight Illumination and the Total Radiation, optimal configurations are presented from among the design options of the shell, which is based on the Voronoi algorithm. The working method has been multi-objective optimization using NSGA-II and linear modeling in the Rhino platform and Grasshopper plugin using environmental analysis tools such as Energy Plus and Radiance for numerical calculations. Also, skins are analyzed in three cases: 1-an infilled wall without the second skin, 2-using horizontal louvers, and 3- Voronoi skin as the second skin.

It has been indicated that with Voronoi skin, the amount of average Useful Daylight Illuminance has increased by 63.86% compared to the case without the second skin, and by 21.02% compared to the case using horizontal louvers the second skin. Also, by this design idea, the amount of total solar radiation decreases by 63.86% compared to the case without the second shell and decreases by 15.38% compared to the issue of using horizontal louvers as the second shell.

The designed shell resulting from the optimization process and the use of Voronoi geometry has a good performance in improving the Useful Daylight Illuminance and reducing the amount of sunlight.