جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « daylight » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Problem statement: Daylight is inherently dynamic and variable, which, depending on the architectural design characteristics of light-transmitting surfaces, especially their geometry, can create different patterns of light and shadow within the interior space. This, in turn, can affect the senses and sensory perceptions of residents, manifesting through their emotional responses and providing a distinctive and meaningful spatial experience. However, it appears that contemporary residential buildings do not provide an optimal level of perceptual effects of daylight in interior spaces for their residents. This may be due to architects’ lack of systematic, clear, and precise awareness of the perceptual effects of daylight.Research

This study aims to explain the relationship between geometric patterns of daylight distribution and the sensory perceptions of residents, as well as to identify the most reliable numerical indices for image processing to predict the relationship between these two aspects within the context of residential buildings.Research

This study has been conducted using a survey research method and an image processing method in a simulated environment.

The survey findings indicate that changes in the geometric patterns of daylight distribution significantly alter the average sensory perception assessment indices. This highlights the importance for architects to consider and manipulate the geometry of light-transmitting surfaces to create desirable environmental sensations. Additionally, the correlation findings between the survey research and the studied image processing indices suggest that the Michelson, mean-RMS, Fractal D, GIF file size, and RAW-PRIM8 indices are the most reliable for predicting pleasantness. The TIFF-SOBEL, JPEG-PERIM8, Michelson, JPEG file size, and PNG file size indices are the most reliable for predicting attractiveness. The TIFF-SOBEL, Mean mSC, JPEG-PERIM8, JPEG file size, and JPEG-PERIM4 indices are the most reliable for predicting excitement. The RAW-PRIM4, RAW-PRIM8, Michelson, Fractal D, and CANNY 2014-RAW indices are the most reliable for predicting spatial calmness.

Daylight plays an essential role in human perception, and various studies consistently support its positive effects on our overall well-being, encompassing physical health, mental satisfaction, and productivity.In Iran, with its wealth of sunlight and remarkable architectural legacy, attention to light and lighting has always been a paramount aspect of traditional architecture. This research aims to shed light on the impact of sunlight hours and light transmission within traditional buildings in Hamedan, located in Iran's cold climate region, by addressing the following questions:1) Are the solar hours within the spaces of local buildings in Hamedan sufficient throughout the year?2) Is there a discernible relationship between the components of light-transmitting surfaces and spaces that achieve the optimal amount of solar hours?By addressing these questions, this research endeavors to uncover valuable insights into the importance of daylight in Hamedan's traditional houses, enriching our understanding and appreciation of Iranian architectural heritage.

In total, the physical elements of 33 rooms and 9 yards were collected and analyzed in this research. Using the obtained information, the volume drawing of the buildings was done in AutoCAD and 3dMax software. The Ladybug plugin in the Grasshopper and Rhino software, which utilizes advanced daylight analysis engines, was employed to determine the percentage of shading in the yard throughout the year. Ecotect software was also used to analyze the brightness of daylight and the number of sunlight hours on the windows of selected spaces.In this research, to reach a more suitable answer, in addition to the regulations and standards of Iran, the regulations related to daylight and the number of sunlight hours in 11 other countries with cold climate regions were also examined. Optimal spaces in terms of daylight were identified in four main sections: 1) amount of brightness, 2) uniformity of daylight, 3) amount of sun hours, and 4) visibility to the outside, and they were graded and identified.

Analyzing information from the selected rooms using relevant software and daylighting standards, it was found that among the 33 examined rooms, 7 did not meet the minimum requirements for quality daylight and the required number of sunny hours, while the remaining 26 rooms met the standards for proper daylight quality.Upon analyzing the 26 rooms studied within the historical monuments of Hamedan city with minimum daylight quality, it was observed that 18 rooms face south, 4 face north, 2 face east, and 2 face west. All rooms, except for the 2 east-facing rooms, have the potential toreceive direct sunlight and meet the minimum sunlight hour requirement. By utilizing correlation graphs between space elements, a linear relationship between space elements, daylight quality, and appropriate sunlight hour exposure was determined. The identified relationships exhibited a high correlation coefficient, and a correlation equation was introduced to describe the relationship between these elements.

By examining the physical elements in all 26 selected rooms with sufficient daylight in Hamedan houses, the suggested design patterns with the highest value were identified. These suggested patterns act as effective solutions for room and window design in buildings located in Hamedan and other regions with similar cold and dry climates in Iran.

Office buildings are one of the largest consumers of energy in the building sector. There are several conservation opportunities in these buildings in terms of heating, cooling and lighting that if applied, peak loads in each area will be reduced significantly. One of the main energy consumers in office buildings is lighting systems, as providing sufficient lighting in office spaces is one of the main foundation for increasing employees’ satisfaction and productivity at the same time. Since Iran is located in a region benefiting from high annual solar radiation, it is viable to maintain the required illuminance level through proper design of windows and benefit from natural daylight. A review of the literature reveals that defining a proper window-to-wall ratio (WWR) will help to conserve heating and lighting energy. Several studies have introduced various WWRs for different cities of Iran, but none is focused on Sabzevar office buildings. Therefore, this article aims to introduce optimal window-to-wall proportions in an office room in Sabzevar, a hot arid climate, in order to reduce heating load during the cold period of the year and provide the least lighting energy using natural light simultaneously. To determine the optimal ratio of windows in office buildings in Sabzevar and build a proper model of an office room as a representative of office spaces in the city, 26 office buildings in the city were studied and measured. Next, the model with proper dimensions was selected. Afterwards, to carry out energy simulation, a weather file was adopted and validated against Sabzevar weather station data. The research was carried out doing parametric simulation by Grasshopper software. The window dimensions of an office room, in the hot and dry climate of Sabzevar were then simulated parametrically and optimized through a genetic algorithm. The feats of the design elements such as the exterior envelope of the model were selected based on literature review and measurable parameters. On the other hand, artificial lighting was defined according to existing standards and mathematical equations presented there. Finally, the optimal dimensions of the window for an office room were presented in four main directions. In this regard, 90 modes for the south façade, 254 modes for the north façade, 131 modes for the east façade and 126 modes for the west façade were simulated and compared. After simulation and analysis of different scenarios, it was concluded that the lowest total energy consumption with a window-to-wall ratio of 63% for the south wall, 47.6% for the north wall and 31.7% for the east and west walls will be obtained. Additionally, the effect of applying shading devices regarding the energy consumption of the model was studied. For this purpose, optimal shading angles introduced by the national building code of Iran were applied to the model under examination. It was found that shading will reduce cooling energy in the warm period of the year, however it will cause an increase in heating load during the cold season. It was also concluded that the best shading for windows in the city is a movable one.

In addition to creating visual comfort, the proper use of light and natural lighting in the interior can have positive effects on the physical and mental health, behaviors and attitudes, as well as the moods and performance of the residents. Also, natural daylight can reduce the demand for electric lighting system, so it is necessary to address this issue in indoor environments. The general purpose of this research is to understand the role of daylight in order to improve the quality of indoor space and increase human health, as well as to provide a solution for the optimal use of sunlight. In this regard, it seeks to answer the question of how daylight can be transferred to the interior space and what effects does its existence have on the various aspects of the audience's health? The method of the present research is qualitative in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and the method of library and documentary studies has been used to collect information. The results of the current research have discussed the importance of the role and concept of daylight in interior spaces and how to use it properly and show that lighting is done by high-quality light channels compared to direct lighting from the building shell or traditional skylights. to be As a result, it can be said that the optical channel is a suitable choice for the transmission of daylight. This system transmits high-quality daylight to the depth of the building and provides lighting for spaces without daylight, and finally by responding to human needs, it improves the quality of indoor spaces and the physical, mental, social and cognitive health of humans. ; Therefore, the optical channel can be used as one of the effective methods of using daylight.

Today, with the acceleration of scientific advances in all fields, especially new construction and software technologies, attention to the use of renewable energy to reduce environmental pollution has been placed at the forefront of research programs. The use of a huge source of sunlight in the building, although it has been common for a long time, has become a necessity for survival today. Electronic science and knowledge of natural structures have also provided many possibilities to architects. Adapting the building to natural conditions without creating unwanted effects. Natural light is one of the important factors in designing quality educational spaces. Due to its canopy-like performance and its effect on the building's thermal behavior, the adaptive shell technology significantly improves the quality of the building's indoor environment in terms of building temperature control, daylighting, and natural ventilation. In this paper, the effect of adaptive skins on daylight control is discussed in a simulated model of a typical classroom in a hot, dry climate. The design process begins with the simulation of a classroom example using Rhino/Grass Hopper computational design software and using the Climate Studio plugin. This plugin is a parametric building energy simulation software, which in this article, according to the time and weather conditions of Yazd city in the hot and dry climate of central Iran, by using the simulation of daylight, glare and energy indicators in The current conditions of the sample model are examined and then assuming the installation of the dynamic shell, simulations and indicators are analyzed again. The Climate Studio plugin provides results according to the main criteria with great ease and speed of analysis. The findings of the research show that due to the intensity of radiation and high heat in the seasons, it is necessary to use a canopy to prevent glare in the classroom on most days of the year. Also, the effect of dynamic shells in controlling the intensity of radiation and glare and setting the conditions in an acceptable range of brightness and temperature is clearly evident. The results show that with the use of adaptive skins, daylight and environmental conditions are always within the range of visual comfort and optimal energy consumption at any time of operation. This is due to the adaptation of shell openings to climatic conditions, which is explained in detail in the text of the research. One of the most important results for the instantaneous light index is the excess radiation intensity, especially in December. Due to the southern direction of the sample class, annoying glare is seen and due to the radius of the rays reflected from the environment, its effect is greater near the window.. The advantages of folding shells and the use of new technologies in the facade of buildings, in addition to beauty, are the human desire to preserve the environment and maximize the use of renewable energy.

Due to demographic changes and the growing trend of urbanization and the consequent increase in energy demand in recent decades, energy supply has become one of the main concerns of human societies. The use of passive solutions and renewable resources for sustainable design, especially in the construction sector, is one of the ways to deal with the consequences of the crisis due to limited fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Among renewable energy, solar energy plays an important role in meeting the needs of the building, especially lighting. Daylight is one of the basic components of a passive solar building design. Proper integration of daylight with architectural design is considered one of the most effective means of reducing energy and the environmental problems and improve the quality of visual comfort and health. Among the various daylight systems available today, toplighting is used because of its ability to provide uniform daylight in spaces without facades or in deep rooms. The use of skylights in large stores, due to the high energy demand of this type of building and also the potential of using natural light, can reduce energy consumption and introduce daylight to deeper spaces. The purpose of this study is primarily to investigate the thermal and lighting performance of the installation of skylights in store buildings and in particular the Shahrvand Al-Ahmad branch store in Tehran. To achieve this goal, after defining the parameters affecting energy and light performance, the process of simulating daylight and energy was done in two stages: 1) skylight, and 2) clerestory. Models with parameters including the dimensions of the skylight, the height of the north and south curb, the type of glass in the model with skylights, and the height and type of glass in the model with clerestory were simulated, so that an appropriate solution in terms of light and energy can be achieved with the help of multi-objective optimization process,. The objectives are energy use intensity (EUI) and spatial useful daylight illuminance (sUDI), which were evaluated after the optimization process with the help of Pareto front diagrams. Finally, in the two mentioned models, sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the studied variables on the outputs.  According to the results, the skylights with SFR of 4.97% to 6.09% with the lowest curb height and double glazing with 0.10 emission coefficient, and high clerestories on the north and south walls and low clerestories on the east and west walls with double glazing with 0.10 emission coefficient have the best performance in terms of daylight and energy. Also, the skylight provides the same level of daylight with more uniformity compared to the clerestory in the same conditions, with 35% less glass area but with 12 kWh/m2 of higher energy consumption. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, the dimensions of the skylight and the height of the southern clerestory have the greatest impact on daylight and energy use in the model with skylights and clerestories, respectively.

One of the architectural design components that affects energy consumption and environmental comfort conditions is building envelopes. Among today's solutions to improve the efficiency of building envelopes is to establish a structural relationship between architecture, environment and biology. The focus of this study is on the characteristics of the cactus plant in water absorption and its purpose is to innovate in pattern design with the ability to save energy and improve lighting quality and user satisfaction with the light conditions of the space, by using Biomimicry in Building Envelope design. The present research has been done in two steps; in the first step, data collection in relation to the cactus plant was done by studying documentary-research sources and data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. Then, using the results of the analysis, the building shell model is designed and simulated. In the second step, a building model is used as a basis for simulation and the amount of brightness and glare from daylight, using the Climate Studio plugin, once in normal mode and again when the shell was on the building model was simulated and calculated. The results showed that by examining the mechanism of Water absorption and storage in the cactus and the equivalence of trichomes, epidermis and mucosa of this plant, achieved a model for building shells based on the maximum absorption of rainwater and moisture at dawn, as well as shading the facade of the building. Although according to the simulations, the proposed model reduces the index (sDA) by 1.4%, but in contrast, reduces the index (ASE) by 48%, which is a significant amount of improving indoor user comfort.

Proper use of daylight is use of free source and Paying attention to quantity and quality of energy, is very important in the architectural design. Given that change of building geometry can have different answer (even sometimes antithetical) in the energy and daylight, so finding optimal building geometry is very important. Despite high impact of the sensitivity analysis on the building energy performance and the reduction of simulation time, little research has been done in this field. This study wants to optimize the geometric proportions of an office building in Qom. Quantitative simulation of daylight and energy in the basic model of the research have been done and the geometric parameters of length, width and height of the building and also window to wall ratio of the north and south facade in different models will using genetic algorithm have been checked. Then, the effect of geometric parameters were determined by mathematical calculations in the global sensitivity analysis method based on the SRC method. The results indicate that in the optimal models, the length to width ratio of the building is 1.13 and the window to wall ratio for the south facade of the building is 43% and the window to wall ratio for the north facade of the building is 10% and the number of shading for the south facade is 2. The sensitivity analysis indicate length and width of building are the most important geometric parameter to achieving the energy _ daylight efficient in the context of this research.

Reuse of heritage buildings is the best strategy to preserve the building. The lack of attention to industrial heritage buildings compared to other heritage buildings has caused their destruction, while due to its huge scale, it can be used appropriately. In addition, these buildings usually do not provide daylight standards for health and productivity. The main goal is to analyze the current state of the daylight and find solutions to reduce glare and optimal use of daylight instead of artificial light.

The case study is the research on the building of the old steam boiler in the Ghaemshahr textile factory complex in Mazandaran province. Building modeling is done with Rhino and Grasshopper, and daylight is simulated in Honeybee and Ladybug plugins based on Radiance. The design parameters of the shading system for horizontal and vertical louvres have been examined in order of the width of the blades, the distance between them and the angle, and the width has been considered for the frame. These parameters are examined by manual optimization method. With scrutinizing and validation, it leads to a better selection of shading system for better productivity.

With the aid of shading systems, it is possible to reduce glare and have enough daylight in the space. Among the shadings, the vertical louvre reports the greatest effect in reducing glare.

The result is presented as a design guideline for industrial heritage buildings in a humid subtropical climate so that the building can be reused with minimal intervention.

Research Problem: 

Optimum use of daylight, as one of the main effective factors in improving the quality of office spaces, plays an important role in reducing electric energy consumption and improving the performance and health of employees. In high-rise buildings, usable space with the potential to benefit from sufficient daylight is often placed between the outer wall and the core of the building, which we call "useful space" here. The floor height, the floor area, the geometric shape of the plan, and the orientation of the building are the most important physical components affecting the ratio between the useful space and the entire floor space. By simple decision in the initial stages of design, while increasing the ratio of useful space to the entire floor space, future conflicts between different design components can be avoided to optimize the natural lighting of the building. The importance of this issue in the design of tall office buildings is more visible due to the importance of using natural lighting, scale, and correlation of design components

Research Question:

 how is the correlation between floor height, plan shape, and the orientation of the building with the spatial daylight autonomy (SDA), as an index to measure the amount of useful floor space with the potential of using natural lighting in the interior space?

This paper applies spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) to assess the impact of geometrical parameters on daylight performance by dynamic simulation in typical plan shapes of tall open office buildings in Tehran’s climatic conditions. The research involves three steps: First, 100 high-rise office buildings built before 2022 are investigated to find tall office buildings' most common geometrical aspects. Each geometry is parametrically modeled in the Grasshopper plugin in the second stage. For this step, initial data such as floor area core to floor area are entered as inputs of daylight simulation. The Honeybee parametric plugin inputs include data such as material reflection, glass Visual Transmission (VT), geographic location, activity period, and office layout. In the last part, simulation results for each case are compared and optimized.

The results indicate that among the evaluated geometrical factors, the orientation of the building is less important than the plan shape and ceiling height on the SDA. Among the studied plan shapes, the triangle shape had the best daylight performance concerning the SDA index, followed by the rectangle and ellipse plan shapes. Results show that a slight change in the geometry can improve SDA by more than 10%. A comparison of the results of the orientation study on the amount of natural light in the indoor environment based on the SDA index in each of the studied geometric shapes shows that the change of orientation of the building relative to the south improves to about 4.5% in the geometry of the triangle. This effect is up to 3% in rectangular geometry, about 2% in the ellipse, and about 1% in the square. Results can be used as a simplified method for architects in the early design stages to assess the impact of the geometrical characteristics on the daylight performance of tall office buildings in Tehran city.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the performance and impact of the building shell on natural lighting components and radiation reception, as components affecting the quality of the interior space, through designing a shell with Voronoi algorithm.

For this purpose, using the genetic algorithm and taking into account the Useful Daylight Illumination and the Total Radiation, optimal configurations are presented from among the design options of the shell, which is based on the Voronoi algorithm. The working method has been multi-objective optimization using NSGA-II and linear modeling in the Rhino platform and Grasshopper plugin using environmental analysis tools such as Energy Plus and Radiance for numerical calculations. Also, skins are analyzed in three cases: 1-an infilled wall without the second skin, 2-using horizontal louvers, and 3- Voronoi skin as the second skin.

It has been indicated that with Voronoi skin, the amount of average Useful Daylight Illuminance has increased by 63.86% compared to the case without the second skin, and by 21.02% compared to the case using horizontal louvers the second skin. Also, by this design idea, the amount of total solar radiation decreases by 63.86% compared to the case without the second shell and decreases by 15.38% compared to the issue of using horizontal louvers as the second shell.

The designed shell resulting from the optimization process and the use of Voronoi geometry has a good performance in improving the Useful Daylight Illuminance and reducing the amount of sunlight.

In addition to the body, architects creates an architectural space with nonvisible but powerful factors. By incorporating soul through the different atmospheres, an all-encompassing and unforgettable quality is added to them, which is received multisensory and immediately without intermediaries. As a result, users had a pleasant feeling by being in the space and accordingly Increase the desire to stay in space. Daylight has a multifaceted nature, especially in Islamic architecture, on the material and semantic structure of space. It is in spite of light that architecture becomes alive and vital, takes on meaning and character. Regarding the atmosphere of light, it is very important to master and recognize it, because light is so effective and strong element in their continuous formation. This research is applied and has been done on the description of philosophical-interpretive research in a method-analytical way and field and library space with a combination of qualitative quantity .After studying the sources on the architectural atmosphere and lighting, the effects that they can have on each other were evaluated. In order to control the results, three mosques from sheikhe jam's tomb with similar contextual were analyzed. After light measurement and field survey, a questionnaire based on Cochran's formula according to the Likert scale, the data were analyzed in SPSS-22 software, then by Spearman correlation tests, multiple regression analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and factor analysis. According to the research results, it can be said that daylight, by combining darkness, offers various interpretations and methods for incorporating different powerful atmospheres. Light with its two physical and semantic characteristics affect the fixed and variable qualities of the atmosphere of space. The physical characteristic of light, which is mostly related to visual and sensory perception, with a higher correlation coefficient of 0.843, which is a good relationship and the semantic and conceptual characteristic of light affects the quality of the atmosphere with a correlation coefficient of 0.786. How to use the invaluable daylight can lead to conflicting results such as solitude or community, vitality or numbness, excitement or depression, lightness or concentration of space, elevation or confusion, purity and mysticism or luxury and disorder, and finally Beauty and presence lead. Due to the low light, Kermaniha Mosque has an atmosphere of calm, solitude, concentration, purity and mysticism. But the NOE mosque with more light, induces the atmosphere of movement, community, lightness and spatial transparency, and this is mostly due to the effect of light and how to use it. The atmosphere of architecture also affects the perception of physical and semantic light. Of course, the quality and atmospheric power of architecture, in addition to the effect of architecture and the power of the architect in recreating and creating such a feature, also depends on the characteristics and perceptual conditions of the audience. The impact of audience factor-due to the ineffectual of the Architectural process- is ignored in this research. It can be examined in future research.

The speed of scientific progress, especially in the field of new technologies in the construction industry on the one hand and the need to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy on the other hand, the use of a huge God-given source of sunlight has become a necessity for human survival. In this research, in the first place, the quality of daylight in one of the old buildings of the Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran is examined; Then, the effect of dynamic canopies on improving the lighting quality of the interior of the building is evaluated.

The methodology and design process begins with the simulation of the building model using the Rhino/Grass Hopper computational design software and the use of the Climate Studio plugin. This plugin is a building energy parametric simulation software that according to the time and weather conditions of Tehran, daylight, glare and energy consumption indicators of the current state of the building is examined, then assuming the installation of a dynamic canopy, simulation And the indicators are analyzed again. Climate Studio plugin provides results according to the lead standard with easy use and super analysis speed.

Research findings show that it is necessary to use canopies to prevent glare indoors most of the year. Also, the effect of dynamic canopies in controlling the intensity of radiation and glare and setting the conditions in an acceptable range of brightness and temperature, is fully observed.

The results show the adjustment of daylight and the conditions in the range of visual comfort and optimal energy consumption at any time of operation due to the adaptability of the canopy to climatic conditions intelligently, which is explained in detail in the research text.The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of daylight and visual comfort in the architecture studio building of the University of Tehran Fine Arts Campus in Tehran. First, building plans were drawn using computational software. To study the level of visual comfort and proper distribution of daylight in indoor spaces, Climate Studio plugin was used to analyze, analyze and simulate daylight. Using the technique of folding plates and determining the movement method and placing the canopy in front of the building facade and openings, we prepared the simulation preparations. The analysis was then repeated for the presence of a dynamic sample canopy; To find out to what extent the presence of canopies affects daylight indicators. One of the most important results for the Instant Light Index is excessive radiation intensity, especially in December. Due to this result, it is necessary to use curtains or awnings to prevent glare in most cases. Given the north orientation of the classrooms, there is no disturbing glare, and its range is due to the radius of the rays reflected from the environment near the windows. East and west do not use the opening and consequently no annoying light enters the building. The main light shines from the south to the studios and has the greatest effect on changes in the intensity and quality of light in this area. Considering the need to use daylight in educational environments and the potential of Tehran climate in providing sufficient light, the results show that in this climate, adaptable canopies can effectively distribute daylight and increase visual comfort. This conclusion does not in any way reduce the excellent efficiency of the architecture studio building of Tehran Fine Arts Campus and the designers' attention to the presence of daylight in its educational space and confirms the correctness of its operation. However, to adjust the amount of interior lighting and adaptability to natural climatic changes in the environment, the use of smart awnings is a very valuable solution for designers. The advantages of folding panels and the use of new technologies in the facades of buildings, in addition to beauty, fulfill the human desire to preserve their environment and make the most of renewable energy. Climate Studio plugin is an energy simulation plugin and surely in future research, we will explain the role of daylight in the optimal energy consumption in the architecture studio building and prove the correctness of its designers' performance.