جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آلانین آمینوترانسفراز" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent, and autoimmune disease of the digestive system with intra- and extra-intestinal manifestations. IBD is divided into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The prevalence exceeds 3 million people per year and is reported more frequently in industrialized countries than in developing ones. IBD is a lifelong disease that affects the quality of life of sufferers and also increases the risk of colon cancer due to chronic inflammation. Today, the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease is based on history, imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, and pathology findings, which is expensive and has the risk of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, for this reason, the use of new methods has attracted the attention of researchers. Saliva is easy to use, cheap, has no risk of infection, and is always available. The changes of some parameters in the serum and saliva of IBD patients have been investigated, but no study has been done on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Studies have shown that AST and ALT can be used as a marker for cell damage and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the salivary and serum changes of these two markers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1402 in the gastroenterology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Tehran. 30 people with IBD with a definitive diagnosis by pathology as the patient group and 30 healthy people who visited the hospital for an annual checkup participated in the study as the control group. First, the patients were asked to wash their mouths and swallow the remaining liquid, and without actively moving the mouth and tongue, pour the secreted saliva into the sterile falcon tube. Then, by a skilled person, 5 ml of venous blood was taken from the cubital area of the patient and put into the clot tube. Immediately after collection, the samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes. Blood serum and non-stimulating saliva supernatant were transferred into a microtube and stored in a freezer at -70 degrees Celsius. Enzyme activity was measured using the photometric method according to the manufacturer's instructions (Pars Azmon-Shiraz) and the data was analyzed by t-test with SPSS version 22 software.

30 patients with IBD (17 men and 13 women) with an average age of 37.7±2.3 years and 30 healthy subjects (16 men and 14 women) with an average age of 32.5±2.2 years were included in the study. (P<0.05). Data analysis showed that in the patient group, the serum level of AST and ALT in the patient and healthy groups was not significantly different. However, salivary AST level, unlike ALT level, increases significantly in patients.

According to the results of this study, the salivary activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) appears to be increased in patients with IBD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological syndrome associated with increased serum levels of liver enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise training on liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) and liver fat content in adults with NAFLD.

The PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2022 for English and Persian articles. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of exercise training on liver function in patients with fatty liver. SMD and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using effect models. Also, the I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity, and the Funnel plot and Egger tests at a significant level of 0.1 were used to determine publication bias.

The results of meta-analysis of 36 studies with 1602 patient with NAFLD, showed that exercise training caused a significant decrease in ALT enzyme [SMD=-0.73, (95% CI: -0.51 to -0.95), p=0.001], AST enzyme [SMD=-0.61, (95% CI: -0.39 to -0.83), p=0.001], GTT enzyme [SMD=-0.66, (95% CI: -0.18 to -1.14), p =0.007], and intrahepatic fat [SMD=-0.58, (95% CI: -0.78 to -0.38), p=0.001].

The findings of the present meta-analysis show the important role of exercise training (aerobic, resistance, and combined training) in improving liver function. So, all three types of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise are suggested as a non-drug approach to reduce liver enzymes and intrahepatic fat for adults with NAFLD.

Chronic exposure to paraquat can lead to lung and liver damage, kidney failure, and Parkinsonian lesions in addition to fibrosis. Paraquat toxicity occurs through excessive production of free radicals which results in oxidative stress and damage. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a period of aerobic exercises and supplementation with piperine on liver enzymes in rats induced with paraquat. 48 adult rats were divided into six groups: 1) Sham, 2) negative control paraquat 3) paraquat + training, 4) paraquat + training + piperine, 5) paraquat + piperine and 6) positive control paraquat + vitamin E. Aerobic exercise training included: seven weeks of walking on treadmill for 5 sessionsper-week 30-40 min per session at a speed of 10 to 18 m/min. The paraquat poison was prepared at dose of 5 mg/kg of rat body weight and was injected intraperitoneally. Daily gavage of piperine supplement was provided at dose of 10 mg/kg of rat body weight. ANOVA statistical test was used to determine the mean difference between groups. There were significant differences in Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) levels between the sham, paraquat+exercise, paraquat+piperine, paraquat+exercise+piperine, and positive control paraquat+vitamin E groups compared to the negative control paraquat-group. Furthermore, significant increase in ALT and AST levels was observed in the negative control group compared to the sham, paraquat+exercise, paraquat+piperine and paraquat+exercise+piperine and positive control paraquat+vitamin E groups (p<0.001). The results showed that in rats belonging to exercise training, only exercise training with piperine and piperine decreased the ALT and AST levels compared to the negative control group. However, more research is needed to support these findings.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with many pathological changes and liver damage is one of the most important consequences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and the royal jelly on AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in the patients with multiple sclerosis.

In this semi-experimental study, 42 MS patients were divided into 4 groups: 1-"Exercise +Royal Jelly" (n=10), 2-"Exercise +Placebo" (n=10), 3-"Royal Jelly" (n=11), 4-"Placebo" (n=11). The Exercise started with an ergometer at 60% HRmax for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week then increased steadily in the sixth week to 80% HRmax. The daily dose of the royal jelly was 1000 mg. Plasma concentration of the liver enzymes was measured before and after the study.

The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes were significantly reduced compared to the pre-test in the groups of the "Exercise+Royal Jelly" and "Exercise+Placebo" (P<0.05). Also, the ALT enzyme showed a significant decrease in the "Royal Jelly" group. The results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant reduction of the enzymes in the "Exercise+Royal Jelly" and the "Exercise + Placebo" groups compared to the "control" and the "Royal Jelly" groups at the end of the sixth week (P<0.05).

It seems that the aerobic exercise and the royal jelly consumption together had the most decreasing effect on serum levels of the liver enzymes in the multiple sclerosis patients, and It has a positive effect on the hepatic enzymes and especially the levels of ALT enzymes in patients.

Inactive lifestyle is a very important risk factor for the development of many diseases, including metabolic syndrome. In aging, in addition to aging-related problems, some elderly people develop metabolic syndrome, which is more common in women than men. The metabolic conditions of the body play a major role in the emergence and progression of this disease. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of circuit training on body weight, blood pressure and Cholesterol levels and liver enzymes in elderly women with metabolic syndrome in Khorramabad city. This semi-experimental study was performed in 2017 on 18 elderly women with metabolic syndrome at Farzanegan rehabilitation center in Khorramabad. During the daily routine activities, the subjects participated in 8-week circuit training protocol which performed 3 sessions per week. The fasting blood sample was taken from the subjects 24 hours before the training protocol and 48 hours after the training protocol. Body weight, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and liver enzymes were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Kolmogrov-Smirnov and correlated t-test. P The results showed a significant decrease in serum AST (p =.043) and cholesterol (p =.033) levels, systolic blood pressure (p =0.001) and body weight (p =0.001) and BMI (p=0.001), and non-significant decrease in serum levels of ALT (p =0.487) in comparison with pre-test values in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. The circuit training in elderly women with metabolic syndrome has beneficial effects on serum concentration of AST, ALT and cholesterol; also it reduces systolic blood pressure and body weight, therefore can promote their health.

In patients with beta – thalassemia major, iron overload and oxidative stress cause metabolic disorders, especially in the liver. Green tea may be beneficial in reducing the complications of this disease due to the iron chelation and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of green tea on liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles in these patients. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 52 patients with beta – thalassemia major in two groups of controls and intervention (26 people in each group). Patients in the intervention group received 3 cups of green tea for 8 weeks and the control group consumed the same amount of boiled water each day for the same period. The assessment of dietary intake, AST and ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C, and height and weight measurements were performed at the beginning and the end of the study. FINDINGS: Significant decrease in the levels of ALT enzymes (p<0.0001, 38.8±4.8 U/L) and AST (p<0.007, 39.53±11.01 U/L) and serum triglyceride (p<0.0001, 135.03±31.82 mg/dl) compared to baseline values (42.53±5.26 U/L, 43.46±9.7 U/L, 150.35±33.34 mg/dl) was observed in the green tea group. The consumption of green tea resulted in a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol levels at the end of the study in the intervention group compared with the control group (p=0.006). The results of this study showed that green tea consumption reduced levels of liver enzymes, triglycerides and especially total serum cholesterol in patients with beta – thalassemia major.

The metabolism of many drugs and toxins is done in the liver and active metabolites are created during the metabolism of these substances which many of them cause liver toxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on liver toxicity induced by Thioacetamide in adult male rats.
In this experimental study, 48mature female rats were divided into 6 groups including control, sham and 4 experimental groups receiving Thioacetamide (50mg/kg), Thioacetamide plus curcumin30 and 120, 60 mg/kg. In this study, Thioacetamide and curcumin were administered as intraperitoneally in 21 consecutive days. At the end, the activity of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and were measured and liver structure of the animals was investigated. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests at a significant level of p≤0.05.
The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide significantly increased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes at the level of p≤0.05 compared to the control group and increased the lymphocyte invasion around the portal of the triad and tissue degradation of the liver. However, curcumin in different doses significantly reduced the activity of these enzymes and improved the liver tissue structure at the level of p≤0.05 compared to the group receiving Thioacetamide.
The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide may increase the activity of transaminases and damage the liver tissue structure by producing oxidative stress, while the use of curcumin with thioacetamide simultaneously probably reduces the activity of transaminases and improves tissue structure due to the antioxidant properties of curcumin.

Exercise and nutrition are two basic foundations in the control of increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetes disease. The aim of the present study was to review the interactional effects of endurance training and aloe vera gel on ALT and AST levels in diabetic rats.
Forty five diabetic rats were selected and divided into 5 groups of 9 rats (1) first week control, (2) sixth week control, (3) endurance training, (4) aloe vera, (5) endurance training with aloe vera. Also for review of the effects of diabetes induction on ALT and AST, 18 rats were divided into two groups of (6) first week control, and (7) sixth week control. Groups 3 and 5 ran on treadmills for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 20 minutes per session. Groups 4 and 5 received 100 mg/kg aloe vera gel. For statistical analysis of the data one way ANOVA and tukey post hoc tests (p≤0.05) were used.
Diabetes induction has a significant effect on the increase of ALT (p=0.04): endurance training together with aloe vera gel has a significant effect on the reduction of ALT and AST levels (p=0.001); endurance training with aloe vera gel, together with endurance training and aloe vera gel consumption has more effect on reduction of ALT (p=0.001). Endurance exercise together with Aloe vera gel has a greater effect on AST reduction than endurance training alone (P = 0.04).
6 weeks of endurance training and aloe vera gel have interactional effects on the improvement of ALT and AST levels in diabetic rats.

Salvia nanoparticles have many biological effects. In this study the effect of silver nanoparticles using are examined on the serum concentrations of Glucose, triglyceride levels and the activity of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase enzymes in male rats.
30 Male Wistar rats weighing 150 to 180 g were divided in the 3 groups, include: control, first experimental group [ppm30 of silver nanoparticles] and the second experimental group [ppm 60 of silver nanoparticles]. In the end of treatment the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken directly from the heart and biochemical parameters in serum were measured after blood centrifugation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and P Serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of male rats that treated with different doses of silver nanoparticles had no significant changes in comparison to control group. The use of silver nanoparticles in both doses of 30 and 60 ppm significantly decreased the serum triglyceride levels in rats.
The silver nanoparticles may be harmless for the liver at low amount, and it could be used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of supplementation Jadvar on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes after exhaustive incremental exercise in men's handball.
In this semi-experimental double blinded study 12 handball players with at least 2 years record in league (with average age=21.42, height=186cm, weight=83.25, and body mass index=24.09kg/m2) divided into 2 groups (n=6) accidentally. Both groups performed maximum Bruce protocol until exhausting level. Before (fasting) and after performing protocol ,blood samples were taken from middle forearm vein and transferred to lab then supplementation group consumed three 500 mg jadvar capsules and control group consumed three 500 mg maltodextrin for 7 days daily. 24 hours after eating last capsule ,they performed maximum Bruce protocol up to exhausting level and the samples were collected like primary protocol blood samples before (fasting)and after performing protocol and were transferred to the laboratory.
The results of dependent and independent t-test showed that consuming jadvar supplements for 7days did not have significant effect on aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(p≥0.05).But alanine aminotransferase in supplementation group (16.83 mg.dl-1) decreased in comparison to placebo group (20.5 mg.dl-1). Also, aspartate aminotransferase was increased from 28 mg.dl-1 to 35.17 mg.dl-1 , but neither decrease nor increase was not meaningful (p≥0.05).
It seems that acute consuming of jadvar supplement and one session incremental exercise does not have meaningful effect on AST and ALT in man handball players.

Diabetes disease can have destructive effects on different organs such as the liver. At this situation, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increase in the blood. This study aimed to review the effect of aloe vera with swimming training on alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
84 rats divided into seven groups; -week healthy control, fourth-week healthy control, first-week diabetic control, fourth-week diabetic control, Aloe Vera extract, swimming training, and swimming training with Aloe Vera extract. The training program included 30 minutes of swimming, three times per week, for 4 weeks. At the end, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were measured by gathering blood samples from the heart. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data (α = 0.05).
The results showed that induction of diabetes significantly increases alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (p= 0.001) Also swimming training and Aloe Vera consumption for four weeks have significant effect on reduction of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (p= 0.001), whereas the four-week swimming training together with Aloe Vera consumption has more effect on the reduction of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.001).
It can be concluded that although swimming training and Aloe Vera consumption separately have lowering effect on alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, but swimming training together with Aloe Vera consumption has more effect on the reduction of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.

Narcotics abuse can induce liver disorders; nevertheless, exercises improve liver disorders. The present research aimed to review the effect of eight weeks forced swimming training with methadone supplementation on liver enzymes of rats.
Material & In this experimental research, 48 rats were selected, and after one week adaptation to lab environment, they were randomly divided into four groups of 12 rats including (1) forced swimming training, (2) methadone supplementation, (3) forced swimming training with methadone supplementation, and (4) control. Groups 2 and 3 used 2 mg/kg methadone daily for 8 weeks. Also, groups 1 and 3 swam for 8 weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 30 minutes. For statistical analysis of data, one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used (α≤0.05).
Findings showed that forced swimming training, methadone supplementation, and forced swimming training with methadone supplementation had no significant effect on AST (P=0.90) and ALT (P=0.99) enzymes; forced swimming training had significant effect on increase of ALP (P=0.001); also, forced swimming training, compared with methadone supplementation and combination of forced swimming training with methadone supplementation, had significant effect on increase of ALP (P=0.001).
Accordingly, 8 weeks of forced swimming training with methadone has possibly no significant effect on liver enzymes.

According to confirmed beneficial effects of physical activity during pregnancy, this study was performed with aim to investigate active and passive lifestyle on insulin resistance and the levels of AST and ALT liver enzymes in pregnant women at second trimester of pregnancy.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 pregnant women at second trimester in Isfahan at 2015. After completing the consent form and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) based on lifestyle and doing and not doing daily walking were divided to two groups of active and passive lifestyle and were compared in terms of insulin resistance and the levels of AST and ALT liver enzymes. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 18) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test. P Serum levels of AST liver enzymes in active pregnant women who had daily walk were significantly lower than inactive women (P=0.018), but there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of ALT levels (P=0.079) and insulin resistance (P=0.146).
Physical activity during pregnancy is effective on serum levels of AST liver enzymes, but according to the evaluation of control variables, ALT liver enzyme levels and insulin resistance were not significantly different due to walking with slow speed, long hours of immobility (11.8 ± 2.5) and sleep longer than the standard (9.9 ± 2.00).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing metabolic disease. Life-style modifications such as healthy diet and sport have been recommended for patients with fatty liver. Chicory has drawn attention for its hepatoprotective effects. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training along with chicory extractive supplementation on serum levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in women with fatty liver.
This semi-experimental pre and post-test study was performed on 30 NAFLD women in Bardeskan city in 2014. They were randomly divided into three groups of 10 cases: 1- training supplement, 2- training placebo, 3- supplement. Training groups performed training program comprised of aerobics exercises, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. During the experimental period, participants received either 200 mL daily chicory extractive (2.5g/100mL) for 8 weeks or placebo. Prior and 48h after the experimental period, blood samples were taken to be analyzed for serum levels of ALT and AST. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20), and analysis of variance and coefficient t and LSD. P There was significant difference among three groups in decreased serum levels of ALT and AST (P=0.0001), and this decrease was higher in training supplement group than other groups (P≤0.05)
Simultaneous consumption of chicory supplementation along with aerobic training have more effect on AST and ALT reduction in women with fatty liver.

Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is known for its hypoglycemic effect and widely used for the treatment of diabetes. This study other than evaluating plant antioxidant and its effect on blood antioxidant capacity, examined the effects and safety of bitter melon fruit in laboratory mice.
70 male mice (2-3 weeks old, body weight 25-30 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups. The mice were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for 7 days and at day 8, they were dosed intraperitoneally (single dose groups: 0, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 mg/kg and the group which was treated for 7 days: 500 mg/kg/day). Mice were then observed for 72 hours before they were scarified, immediately livers were taken for histology. Serum samples were assayed for liver functions [alkaline phosphatase (ALT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)]. Blood and bitter melon antioxidant activity was measured.
Findings: All single dose groups showed normal behavior after the dosing and no statistical changes were observed in all liver parameters including for SGOT, SGPT or ALP (P > 0.05). Lab data were shown as follow: ALP = 204.7 ± 88.0, SGOT = 180.8 ± 76.0, SGPT = 80.6 ± 54.0. Histological examinations revealed normal organ structures. Antioxidant activity of bitter melon was 68% and blood antioxidant activity was 564 µmol/ml.
Doses up to 4000 mg/kg did not have any effects on the mice liver functions nor its histology. We suggest more studies with different doses.

Nowadays, using the derivatives of steroids has been increased among athletes, despite their vast gradient side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 17&alpha-alkyl steroids and 17&beta-hydroxy steroids on levels of liver enzymes and hematological factors in male bodybuilders. In this causal comparing study in 2014, 24 male bodybuilders of Mashhad City, Iran, were entered to the study by census method. The samples were divided into three groups (each 8 persons) consumers of oral steroids (17&alpha-alkyl), consumers of injected steroids (17&beta-hydroxy) and athletes without the experience of using steroids. The blood samples from cubital vein for measurements of the liver enzymes and hematological factors were taken 48 hours after training following 12 hours of overnight fasting. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS 19 software. The level of ALT and AST enzymes in the first group were increased over the second (p=0.032) and third (p=0.001) groups significantly. The amount of red blood cells were significantly higher in second group then first and third groups and in first group than control group (p=0.01). The levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin in the first and second groups significantly were higher than third group (p=0.01). However, there were no significant differences in values of lymphocytes, Neutrophils, ALP, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC and PLT between the groups. AST and ALT enzymes merely increase by taking oral steroids (17&alpha-alkyl) however, increase in erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin are expected by taking any form of medication.

Aims: Propolis is one of the natural materials collected by the honeybees. The material is extensively used to treat some diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ethanol extract of propolis of Qazvin plain on some biochemical factors, as well as serum antioxidant capacity, in adult male Wistar rats.
In the experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10 per group). The first was control group. The experimental groups received 50, 100, and 200mg/kg propolis. After 10-day gavage, the serum of the rats being extracted, glucose, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tykey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings: There was no significant difference in the blood sugar level between different groups and control group. There was a significant reduction in triglyceride level in “100mg/kg” group than control group (p Oral consumption of propolis has a moderating effect on some blood biochemical factors especially triglyceride. In addition, it increases serum total antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, its excessive consumption might damage patients with liver diseases.

Hyperlipidemia can be cause a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and fatty liver and subsequent liver enzyme increases. The Portulaca Oleracea plant has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Therefore, in this study the effect of Portulca Oleracea herb extract on serum liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT or AST), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT or ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats were studied. In this experimental study, 60 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=10). Control group with normal diet, fat diet group and other groups, the experimental group received the same diet plus fat Portulaca oleracea extract maximum dose (800), the mean dose of (400), and a minimum dose of (200 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally injection (ip) and sort of Atorvastatin (10 mg kg). After the end of this period (21 days), blood sampling was performed and collected data were analyzed using the t and Tukey test, and SPSS software version 11.5. Comparison of statistical results indicated that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increase in the control group that received only fatty foods, while the experimental groups received extract of Portulaca Oleracea, and groups receiving Atorvastatin had reduced levels of liver enzymes. Regarding hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic antioxidant activity of the extract and its effect on reducing liver enzymes, plant extracts can be recommended to improve liver function.

Smoking can influence liver or heart enzymes. The main aim of this study is to determine the effects of cigarette or waterpipe smoke on serum level of alanine aminotransferase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (SGPT) in male rats. In this experimental laboratory study, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control groups of 5, and animals were exposed to cigarette and waterpipe smoke. After 6 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method. Following serum collection, levels of SGOT or SGPT were measured by spectroscopy method. Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA. Serum levels of SGPT significantly increased in rats exposed to waterpipe and cigarette smoke compared with control animals (P<0.05), but serum levels of SGOT significantly increased only in animals exposed to waterpipe smoke. There was not a significant difference between serum levels of SGOT or SGPT in rats exposed to waterpipe or cigarette smoke. Waterpipe smoke -- like cigarette smoke -- has pathophysiological effects on liver and heart, which appears in elevated serum levels of SGOT and SGPT.