جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آنتی باکتریال » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that make up the normal flora of the mouth and has been linked to conditions such as parotid infections. Parts of pomegranate were known to have antibacterial properties. Due to the properties for pomegranate and the importance of Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity, the incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease, finding and introducing a natural substance to replace chemical mouthwashes is crucial. in this study we investigated the antibacterial effect of pomegranate hydroalcoholic peel extract on staphylococous aureu.

For this experimental-laboratory study, Bacteria divided into 6 groups including: four groups of pomegranate peel extract with concentrations of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg / ml, a positive control and a negative control group. Also, 3 bacterial samples were used to determine the MIC. disk diffusion test was used to measure the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. microdilution broth technique was used to evaluate the minimum concentration of bacterial growth inhibition (MIC). the obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS ver: 26 software. One way ANOVA test was used to examine the growth inhibition halo.

The overall results of inhibitory halo diameter evaluation showed that pomegranate extract had a inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria were sensitive to a concentration of 25 mg / ml. That with increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of antimicrobial effect on bacteria increases and a significant difference was shown between the diameter of the inhibition halo in four concentrations (P value <0.001) and the greatest effect was seen in 100 mg / ml concentration. In MIC study, the results showed that the effective amount of hydroalcoholic extract of pomegranate peel to prevent bacterial growth is in the range between 50 mg / ml.

According to the obtained results, the hydroalcoholic peel extract of pomegranate has antimicrobial effect and it seems that pomegranate extract can be consumed for antimicrobial use.

Fixators are the basic equipment for fractures that are divided into two categories, internal and external. The success of clinical applications of external fixators has decreased due to their infection after orthopedic surgery. Meanwhile, the loosening of the pin embedded in the bone occurs due to the presence of bacteria and the formation of biofilm on the pin, and this infection will progress to the joint surface of the bone and the pin. Natural elements with antibacterial activity attract much attention as a coating on implants surface in orthopedics surgery. This article reviewed common elements with antibacterial activity that can be loaded into the HA structure as a coating for improving their clinical efficiency. Substitution ions such as copper, silver, magnesium, strontium, zinc, silicon, and fluoride in an appetite network can stimulate bone formation at the fracture site. In this article, common antibacterial ions in the form of loading -HA have been investigated as coating orthopedic fixators. good strength and antibacterial activity presented for silver, and corrosion resistance and high porosity are advantages of copper. Also, magnesium with favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, zinc with high strength, and silicon and fluorine with high flexibility, favorable mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance are introduced. Among the mentioned elements, silver and fluoride, due to having more favorable antibacterial activity and excellent bone regeneration, can be more suitable candidates for loading in the HA structure with the application of the coating on the orthopedic surface.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer effects of Mazu oil as an important medicinal plant in traditional medicine, which was synthesized by the nanoemulsion method as a new method in medicine.

The antioxidant activity of Mazu oil nanoemulsion was investigated by DPPH radical inhibitory activity assay and its antimicrobial properties on four Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were assed by disk diffusion method. To determine the minimum growth inhibitory and growth killer concentration the microbroth dilution method was used. In addition, the anticancer properties of Mazu oil nanoemulsion on prostate cancer cells were investigated by MTT method and the results were compared with normal skin fibroblast cells.

Based on the disc diffusion results, the nanoemulsion of Mazu oil has inhibitory power only against gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, while gram-negative bacteria were resistant to this compound. Mazu oil nanoemulsion has acceptable antioxidant properties and the free radical inhibition rate (IC50) was measured by the DPPH method to be about 58.905 μg/ml. The toxicity test also shows the significant effect of Mazu oil nanoemulsion in destroying prostate cancer cells compared to normal skin fibroblast cells.

The present study shows that the nanoemulsion of Mazu oil in vitro has relative degrees of antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial properties against Gram positive pathogens, which can be helpful in food products.

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is a type of nanoparticle used in the industry as an antibacterial agent. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the body, responsible for filtering waste products and regulating blood factors that are affected by various agents. Due to the widespread use of MoO3 in disinfecting operating room equipment and the importance of renal glomeruli in blood plasma purification, this study aimed to determine the effect of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles on rat kidneys.

In this experimental study, thirty Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into five groups (n=6), including a control group, a sham group (receiving normal saline), and three experimental groups (receiving MoO3 at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/bw IP). Intraperitoneal injections were given for 35 days. After the treatment period, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected from the heart. The right kidney was then removed, and after tissue preparation, the samples were examined by stereology to determine changes in the volume of cortex, medulla, urinary space, renal body, and glomeruli.

Significant increases in urinary space volume were observed in the groups receiving MoO3, and a decrease in medulla volume was observed in the group receiving a dose of 200 mg/kg/bw compared to the control and sham groups (P<0.05). A significant increase in cortex volume was observed in the group receiving nanoparticles at a dose of 50 mg/kg/bw compared to the control and sham groups. MoO3 caused weight reduction in animals, as well as an increase in urea and a decrease in renal volume (P<0.05).

Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles can cause changes in the morphology of rats' kidneys.

  Panoramic radiography is routinely used in addition to clinical examination for diagnosis and treatment plan in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and location of random dental and pathological findings in panoramic images before orthodontic treatment. Related  to attending of private orthodontic clinic during 2013-2018.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive study, primary panoramic images of 510 orthodontic patients who referred to a private orthodontic office in Sari during 2013-2018 were used.  Panoramic images were examined independently by two observers after stabilization in light conditions and standard magnification on a monochromatic screen.    Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

 Panoramic images of 510 patients (274 images of female patients and 236 images of male patients) with a mean age of 32.3 years were used in this study. The frequency of tooth and root abnormalities was 26.65%, with the highest finding related to impacted teeth (19.6%) and the lowest related to root dilaceration (0.39%).The frequency of pathological lesions was determined to be 9.42%, the most common of which was associated with apical pulp lesion (4.71%) and the rarest bone sclerosis (0.39%). There was no significant difference between the two sexes and between the two jaws in terms of the frequency of pathological lesions and root dental abnormalities except impacted teeth. The frequency of impacted teeth in female (P value = 0.002) and in maxilla (0.007) P value =) was significantly higher.

 Clinicians should always be aware of the potential for pathological findings and dental abnormalities in patients' primary panoramic images, which is a valuable radiograph to detect abnormalities.

Plaque accumulation during orthodontic treatment is commonly seen around orthodontic brackets and the cervical margin of the bands. Glass ionomer cement is generally used for cementing orthodontic bands. Although glass-ionomer can release fluoride, it cannot prevent tooth demineralization during orthodontic therapy. This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of adding propolis on mechanical and antimicrobial properties of glass ionomer luting cement used in orthodontics. Initially, ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was prepared. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum inhibitory bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the mixture of glass ionomer with different concentrations of EEP were determined using the broth dilution method. To assess the shear bond strength, 75 sound premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups. In the first group, premolar bands were cemented with glass ionomer cement. In the second and third groups, the bands were cemented with glass ionomer cement mixed with 0.05 and 0.075 g propolis, respectively. The maximum force required for debanding was measured with an Instron machine. Mean shear bond strength was compared between the three groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The MIC and MBC values of the mixture of glass ionomer and propolis were determined at 0.05 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml propolis, respectively. There was not a significant difference between the three groups regarding their mean bond strength. Adding propolis extract to glass ionomer cement increased the antibacterial propolis without adverse effects on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bands.

Medicinal plants are valuable sources of different antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the effects of different extraction methods with aqueous and methanolic solvents were investigated on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Teucrium hyrcanicum L.

In this basic experimental study, aqueous and methanolic extraction was carried out using three methods, including a magnetic stirrer, a Bain-Marie bath, and Shaker. The antioxidant effects were then determined using DPPH and RP methods along with the determination of total phenol and total flavonoid. The antibacterial effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli was determined through the disk diffusion method.
(Ethic code: IR.ausmt.rec.1398.11.34)

The evaluation of antioxidant properties showed that methanolic extract had a stronger effect than aqueous extract. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the magnetic stirrer method was superior to the other two extraction methods. The same results were obtained for total phenol and total flavonoid as well. Evaluation of antibacterial properties revealed that methanolic extract had antibacterial activity, while aqueous extract did not show antibacterial activity.

The results of this study showed that Teucrium hyrcanicum L. was more effectively extracted through the magnetic stirrer method than other extraction methods. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts had antioxidant properties, while only methanol extracts showed antibacterial properties. Therefore, this plant can have good therapeutic application in the treatment of diseases due to its antioxidant properties.

Janthinobacterium. lividum (J. lividum) is a bacterium that can produce a secondary metabolite with antimicrobial properties called violacein. Violacein is produced in this bacterium under special conditions, such as food stress, lack of oxygen, changes in pH or ambient temperature, and even in the presence of a chemical. Bacteria use these production factors as agents for greater survival. This pigment can be used to dye hospital textiles with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the appropriate conditions for the maximum production of violacein pigment by bacteria to save production time and cost.

In this study, the effects of different treatments were tested quantitatively and qualitatively to achieve the best conditions for the production of violacein by J. lividum. Other evaluations included the effect of aeration on the production of color biofilm, the effect of temperature on the production of violacein, glycerol concentration test and its effect on pigment production, the effect of glycerol, sodium sulfate, tryptophan, meat extract and peptone on production optimization, optimization in a solid and liquid medium and color spectrum, and violet dye resistance at different pHs. The SPSS software and t-test were used for quantitative analysis and comparison of the treatments.

It was found that a culture medium containing meat extract (0.3%) and peptone (0.5%),  glycerol (1%), and tryptophan (1%) on a solid culture medium containing nutrient agar was selected as the best culture medium for the production of violacein. The amount of biomass and dye production in the solid medium was twice that in the liquid medium. The optimum condition for the production of violacein pigment in this strain included pH 7 and a temperature of 25 °C. The purple color of this pigment was stable for a long time (24 h) at acidic pH (up to pH 11).

Modified nutrient agar solid culture medium was introduced for optimal production of violacein. Optimal bacterial culture conditions (temperature 25 °C and pH 7) were obtained for the best pigment production. It can be concluded that natural dyes can replace harmful chemical dyes if produced in a product with high efficiency and quality. In this study, the production of violacein with more efficacy was tried through the enhancement and improvement of culture medium composition and maintenance of the optimal production conditions.

Due to the increasing of antibiotic resistance, the use of new antibiotic sources, especially actinomycetes, as new sources of antibiotics have been considered. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify actinomycetes with the ability to produce antibacterial metabolites from industrial effluent sediments and study their antimicrobial effect.

In this laboratory study carried out in 2019, actinomycetes were collected and isolated from the sediments of industrial wastewater of Maragheh Kaveh Soda Glass Factory. Actinomycete isolates were screened by Starch casein agar medium based on the formation of inhibitory zones. Also, anti-biogram test was performed by disk diffusion method on 20 patients of Tabriz medical centers. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 23.

Based on E-Test approach, all isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin antibiotic and had lower MIC (Minimal inhibitory concentration) value of less than 2 μg/ml. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and amoxicillin was observed in the included isolates. The results indicated that among 100 actinomycete isolates, five of them had the highest ability to inhibit some of bacteria. S2 (16.46±1.43) and S39 (18.25±1.44) strains demonstrated better activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to vancomycin antibiotic (14.14±1.23).

The results showed that industrial wastewaters of factories are containing active actinomycetes that could be used as new antibacterial metabolites.

The increasing elderly population has led to an increasing demand for orthopedic implants. With the advent of nickel-titanium memory alloys known as the nitinol brand due to its mechanical and biological properties including shape memory, superelasticity, long fatigue life and bio. Excellent compatibility has attracted wide spread attention by researchers for useing in medical industries such as orthodontic wires, drug delivery systems,cardiovascular stents and orthopedic implants, but in some cases may have superficial properties such as resistance to Corrosion and biological properties are not sufficient for clinical applications. Infection caused by the presence of implants in the body is one of the most common complaints of patients. Since bacteria play an important role in inefficiency, so the creation of antibacterial properties has been considered. Nanotubes created on the surface of nitinol through anodizing can be one of the useful solutions to create antibacterial properties as well as the ability of these structures Carrying drugs such as antibiotics can minimize the problems of implanting orthopedic implants in the body. In order to increase the long-term antibacterial ability of orthopedic implants, researchers have improved the physical and chemical properties of nitinol levels by using appropriate surface modification methods. In this report, a review of research on the modification of nitinol levels by anodizing method and the formation of nanotubes on its surface and drug loading and the effect of different parameters on morphology, nickel ion release, corrosion behaviors, biological and drug release in order to Application in orthopedic implants is given.

Medicinal plants are among the most important products in agriculture and medicine. The usefulness and cheapness, environmental friendliness, and limited side effects of medicinal plants have increased the rate of use of these plants in recent years. Plant extracts, such as cloves, have long been used in medicine, perfumery, and as additives in cooking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer effects of clove essential oil and nanoemulsion.

Antioxidant activity of essential oil and clove nanoemulsion by measuring the inhibitory activity of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS radicals (2 and 2-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was measured in this study. The evaluation of antibacterial and bactericidal properties of essential oil and clove nanoemulsion was conducted by culture medium and suspension of four pathogenic bacteria of gram-positive, including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by the measurement of the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. In addition, the effects of cytotoxicity of clove essential oil and nanoemulsion on different concentrations of 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, and 250 μg/ml on MCF7 cancer cells were evaluated by MTT staining.

Clove nanoemulsion, compared to essential oil, had good antioxidant potential and a significant effect on free radical scavenging. The rates of free radical scavenging (IC50) of clove essential oil nanoemulsion were obtained at 67.29 and 78.39 μg/ml measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Clove essential oil and nanoemulsion had an inhibitory effect on both groups of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria tested in this study. The toxicity test also showed a greater effect of clove nanoemulsion in killing breast cancer cells, compared to the clove essential oil. 

The results of this in vitro study indicate the antioxidant and anti-cancer effects of clove nanoemulsion, compared to essential oil, which can be used to prevent and treat many diseases associated with the development of reactive oxygen species.

Malva sylvestris is one of the most important plants used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health industries in most developing countries and has antiseptic properties. Salvia officinalis is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) and one of the most important herbal plants used as a disinfectant in traditional and modern medicine. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate essential oil components of Malva sylvestris and Salvia officinalis collected from Meshgin Shahr Ardabil Province, Iran, and their anti-bacterial properties on common bacteria of oral infection, compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

In this research, Malva sylvestris and Salvia officinalis were collected from the Anzan region, Meshgin Shahr, northwest of Iran. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus, and gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry devices were used to analyze essential oil compounds and accurately measure the compounds. Afterward, the effect of the essential oil of these plants on the common bacteria of the oral infection was evaluated through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

According to the results, the essential oils of Malva sylvestris and Salvia officinalis had significant inhibitory effects on different types of gram-negative and -positive bacteria. The comparison of the mean growth inhibition zone of these plants' essential oils with chlorhexidine showed that the antibacterial property of the plants' essential oil mixture on Streptococcus mutans was higher than that of chlorhexidine mouthwash, which was significantly different. On the other hand, a relative increase in the diameter means of the growth inhibition zone was observed by plants' essential oils mixture on Klebsiella pneumoniae, compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash, which was not significantly different (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that the essence of these herbs showed relatively similar results to that of chlorhexidine.

According to the findings, the essential oil of Malva sylvestris and Salvia officinalis had a good anti-microbial effect against the common bacteria of oral infections. As a result, the mixture of essential oil of these plants with different concentrations, after performing more comprehensive studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections.

Due to the increased demineralization risk of enamel adjacent to fixed orthodontic attachments by cariogenic bacterias (e.g. Streptpcoccus mutans, Streptpcoccus sobrinus) and lack of adequate data about commonly used orthodontic cements, we decided to evaluation the antibacterial effects of three common domestic and foreign orthodontic cements (Glass ionomer, Zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate) on two cariogenic pathogens (S.mutans and S.sobrinus).

In this in vitro study, direct contact test was utilized for evaluating cementschr('39') antibacterial effect after biphasic culturing and concentration adjustment of S.mutans and S.sobrinus. Groups (n = 5) included: three types of glass ionomer resilience cements, Hoffman’s zinc phosphate and Hoffman’s polycarboxylate and three glass ionomer cements, zinc phosphate and carboxylate from Aria Dent factory in Iran. Acquired data were analyzed using SPSS 20.

Ethical Considerations:

 MUBABOL.REC.1391.7.

Regarding to zone of inhibition, there was statistically significant difference between three tested cements in both S.mutans and S.sobrinus culturing media (p<0.001). The mean diameter of inhibition zone was greater for Iranian polycarboxylate compared to its foreign counterpart (p<0.001).

Glass ionomer cement demonstrated better antibacterial effect compared to zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements. There was also greater antibacterial effect of three tested cements on S.sobrinus than S.mutans. Iranian polycarboxylate showed stronger inhibition on both mentioned bacterias compared to the foreign one.

Zeolites are high-porous active crystalline biomaterials. Recently many studies have been done on their antibacterial properties especially on zeolites exchanged with metallic cations. In this paper, we investigate the effective factors on the antimicrobial activity of natural and synthetic zeolites exchanged with silver, zinc, copper nickel, and bromide cations. This study reviews the published articles on the antibacterial properties of the natural and synthetic pure zeolites as well as the ion exchange ones. The results of our investigation show that ion exchange zeolites exhibit a very good antibacterial effects even in comparison with other conventional antibacterial materials. The strongest antibacterial activity was reported in silver exchanged zeolites against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli with MIC of 16 μg/ml. According to the results reported derived from different articles, it can be concluded that zeolites with biocompatibility and high ion exchange capacity can be used as efficient antibacterial materials. Pure zeolites have antibacterial activity at high concentrations, whereas all synthetic and natural zeolites exchanged with metal cations investigated in this paper exhibit good antibacterial activity at very low concentrations generally due to sustained and prolong release of metal cations.

The use of bone scaffolds is one of the new and efficient techniques for repairing bone defects that provide a suitable platform for cell proliferation and growth to repair the target tissue. One of the most important causes of failure of transplants and surgical procedures is the invasion of bacteria at the site of the complication and the development of severe infection. The purpose of this study, which was carried out at the Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran at 2017-2019, Antibacterial Properties of Porous Scaffolds Made of Gelatin, Calcium Phosphate Zeolite with Loading of Clindamycin.

In this study, freeze-drying was made from a combination of gelatin, calcium phosphate, and natural zeolite of bone tissue scaffolds and then the drug was loaded with different amounts of clindamycin. The surface of the scaffold was examined by scanning electron microscopy and antibacterial test and drug release test were performed on the scaffold.

The results showed that the aforementioned composite scaffold did not induce growth inhibition in the antibacterial test, However, after loading the drug on the scaffold with a concentration of 0.01 drug, the growth zone was 2 and 4 mm in diameter for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

Addition of the antibacterial agent clindamycin to the bone scaffold made a suitable substrate for drug delivery to bone tissue at the site of removal has been removed to prevent the growth of infection at the scaffold implant during the first period of repair.

Increasing use of antibiotics against infection caused by microorganisms has increased drug resistance. This has led to extensive research on plant compounds with antimicrobial properties and greater effectiveness as an alternative to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity the five Medicinal plant extracts CinnamomumVerum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris,  and Mentha pulegium against standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Entrococcous fecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa,Acintobacter bumani, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Esherishia  coli.

The present experimental study was conducted in 2020 at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The ethanol extract of the Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Berberis vulgaris and Mentha pulegium were prepared by maceration method.The antibacterial activity of the extracts was performed on several standard bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method after three replications and diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded. Then MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) with Broth microdilution was determined. Mean growth zone diameter was analyzed by Duncanchr('39')s comparison test at the 5% level.

In the present study, the highest antibacterial effect was related to Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinale extracts on S. saprophyticus with growth inhibition drops of 25 and 23 mm, respectively (p <0.05). Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on S.saprophyticus and Mentha pulegium extract on E. coli had the highest antibacterial effect with a growth halo diameter of 16, 13 and 13 mm, respectively (p <0.05). The highest antibacterial effect of cinnamon was on Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter of 19 mm. The lowest growth inhibitory concentration was observed for Berberis vulgaris and Zingiber officinalis extracts against S. saprophyticus with 3.1 mg / ml and lower than other types of extracts. P. aeruginosa showed resistance to most plant extracts (p<0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that the plant extracts specially Berberis vulgaris had effective antibacterial activity on most of the bacterial strains. In order to show the optimal antibacterial effect of the studied extracts, it is suggested to study on the animal models and determine their clinical effects.

Macroalgae are rich in diverse valuable compounds so they are known as the 21 century medicinal plants. In this study polar to nonpolar extracts of four macroalgae species, Sargassum boveanum, Fucus trinodis, Galaxaura rugos and Laurencia denderoidea were collected from the Persian Gulf coastlines, evaluated for their phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Phenol and flavonoid contents of species were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extractions were analyzed by total antioxidant activity (TAC) and reducing power of Fe3+ respectively and also antibacterial activity of samples were analyzed by disc diffusion method against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria.

F. trinodis showed the highest phenolic (1.38 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.798 gQE/100gDW.) contents and G. rugosa showed the lowest phenolic (0.240 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.094 gQE/100gDW.) contents. Chloroform extract of F. trinodis (2.98 ugASA/mg) and S. boveanum (2.48 nm) showed the maximum level of TAC and reducing power antioxidant activities, respectively. The samples with high content of phenolic and flavonoid contents showed the highest antioxidant activity too. All the three extracts of S. boveanum and F. trinodis showed the considerable antibacterial activity against all the four examined strains of bacteria especially negative gram bacteria.

The studied macroalgal species showed considerable phenolic content and bioactivities suggest that they can be suitable for medical and medicinal applications.

Considering the growth of antibiotic resistance and the study of new ways in Nanobiotechnology, this study examines the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles on E.coli bacteria to control and find new treatments against ESBL isolates of Escherichia coli.

For 100 samples of Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance was determined by disc method for 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and then for DDT confirmatory isolates. The effect of silver nanoparticles on ESBL isolates by well diffusion method and further on MIC and MBC was also done. SPSS software was used to analyze and evaluate the results and in all cases p <0.05 was considered significant

The rate of resistance to 3 antibiotics of the third generation cephalosporin in this study was 45%, 20%, and 44%, respectively. A confirmation test in the presence of Clavulanic acid showed that 85.5% of the samples were an ESBL and the most inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles was obtained by diffusion method at concentrations of 4000 ppm, 2000, 1000. The highest MIC values belonged to the concentration of 15.62 ppm and the lowest MIC concentration was 7.8 ppm. In determining MBC in isolates, the highest and lowest concentrations with a fatal effect were 62.5 ppm and 7.8 ppm, respectively.

The minimum concentration of nanosilver is 7.8 ppm and MBC obtained to eliminate E.coli 7.8 ppm.  Therefore, the colloid silver nanoparticle solution exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity at low concentrations.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of five randomly selected nanostructured products by the National Standard of No. 11070.

Antibacterial activities of five different nanostructured textiles were assessed on specific microorganisms to human skin and environment. The physicochemical properties were determined by FTIR spectrum and the dermal toxicity was assessed by skin and eye irritation and corrosion test (OECD 404,405).

Each of the 5 samples at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 5% had strong antibacterial activity compared to control treatments. Mild and reversible irritations were observed at all three concentrations of nanosilver (5, 50, and 500 ppm) after 24 hours exposing to yarn and tissue samples on female rabbits, and the FTIR test related to 5 products showed no change in group, before and after the treatments e.g. washing and contact with the test animals (rabbits). Tissues containing nano-silver particles had no irritating effect and eye lesions in rabbits.

According to the results, in addition to complying with the properties mentioned in the health license, the nanostructured textiles complied with the standard features of 11070.

In recent years, the drug resistance and side effects of antimicrobial drugs have increased in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the use of new herbal medicines with less side effects and nanotechnology in the medical arena can be a great help in treating these types of infections. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of silver nanoparticles and methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis on four strains of pathogens bacterial . In this descriptive-laboratory study, the plant was identified as a plant of C.officinalis, based on herbological characteristics in the Herbarium section of Azad University, Ahar Branch. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of C.officinalis were studied by Soxhlet extractor method at concentrations of 20 mg / ml to 400 mg / ml of methanolic extract and 10 to 80 μg / ml concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Then, their antibacterial effects were investigated using well-diffusion and dilution methods. The findings showed that methanolic extract of C.officinalis prevents the growth of S.aureus, B.cereus and E.coli. While the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on P.aeruginosa and E.coli bacteria is more than gram-positive bacteria. The effect of the combination of C.officinalis extract and silver nanoparticles was much greater than the effect of each of them. The results showed that the flower extract of the C.officinalis has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, this extract can be a good option for future studies in In Vivo to provide antibacterial drugs.