جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « باورها » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

There is a bidirectional relationship between marital discord and chronic disease. Considering its importance to individuals with chronic diseases, it is critical to explore the factors that influence marital adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between irrational beliefs and marital adjustment among couples with chronic diseases in Bushehr, Iran.

This descriptive correlational cross-sectional study investigated 92 couples (including 184 individuals) in which at least one spouse had one or more of the most common chronic diseases. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method from internists' and cardiologists' offices, specialty clinics, and comprehensive healthcare centers in Bushehr during 2022. Data were collected using a demographic survey, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale developed by Graham B. Spanier and the short-form of Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (IBQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and univariate and multivariate hierarchical linear regression tests using SPSS-20 software. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered for all analyses.

The mean and standard deviation of the total irrational belief scores for women and their husbands were 111.21±23.60 and 105.24±25.24, respectively. Furthermore, the mean marital adjustment score of the couples was 102.50±18.36. Additionally, 38% of the couples had marital discord. No significant correlation was found between the women’s irrational belief domains and their marital adjustment. However, regarding men's irrational belief domains, "feeling helpless against change" showed a significant negative relationship with marital adjustment (β=-0.400; CI95%: -0.703; -0.083).

The results showed that men's beliefs influenced the marital adjustment of couples.  Therefore, when counseling couples experiencing marital discord, especially those with chronic diseases, the psychologists and family counselors need to identify the factors affecting it. For instance, men's irrational beliefs, especially feeling helpless against change is an affecting factor that can be reduced through appropriate counseling.

Every year, a large number of patients with chronic renal failure undergo kidney transplantation in the hope of getting rid of dialysis problems and improving their quality of life. Nonetheless, the post-transplant treatment process in these patients is long, complicated, and requires strengthening self-management behaviors to manage the disease process. In our culture, religious beliefs hold a prominent place, affecting people's daily actions and behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between religious beliefs and self-management behaviors in patients with kidney transplantation.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study, 117 patients with kidney transplantation referred to the Tehran Kidney Patients Support Association in 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics form, Glock and Stark's questionnaire of religious beliefs, and Kozaka’s self-management behavior scale that were completed by the self-report method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test).

Regarding age, 50.4% of participants were within the age range of 31-50 years, and more than half of them had undergone a kidney transplant in the last five years. The mean score of participants’ religious beliefs was obtained at 64.07, and 68% of them had moderate religious beliefs. The mean score of patients' self-management behaviors was 66.87, and most of them (61.5%) had a high level of self-management. In general, there was a statistically significant correlation between religious beliefs and self-management (P= 0.046).

As evidenced by the results of the present study, there is a direct relationship between religious beliefs and self-management behaviors in patients with kidney transplantation. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of religious beliefs be highlighted in the educational programs of these patients, and necessary planning be done to strengthen this factor.

Background and Purpose:

Like other parts of Iran, Guilan, was in poor health during the Qajar period. Numerous factors in the studied period led to the spread of various diseases in Guilan. In addition to having physical and mental adverse effect on the people of Guilan, these diseases caused significant changes in the composition of the population, economy and culture of this province, especially in the Qajar era. This study focuses on the effect of superstitious beliefs on the prevalence and spread of disease in this period; In addition to weakness of the health system and care facilities, superstitious beliefs were considered deterrent to public health. Aside from the deterring effects of superstitions on general health, these beliefs became a part of culture during this period, which added to deterioration of Guilan health during this period. This writing endeavors to answer the question of what effect beliefs and superstitions had on the spread of diseases in Guilan during the Qajar period?
 

The present study was conducted based on a library research method. Historical resources and travelogues of Europeans, as well as new researches were used to complete the topics.
 

This study showed that, due to the conditions of the society at that time and the lack of progress in medical science and the inability and ignorance of people in dealing with various diseases and treatment methods, the tendency to use folk medicine to treat diseases has had a great prevalence and deterring effect on the spread of diseases in this period.
 

It seems that superstitions and false beliefs have been one of the reasons for the spread of infectious diseases in Guilan during the Qajar era.
 

Qajar era is very important in Iranian medical history after Islam. Because physicians gradually got away from Sinai medicine and tried to use western modern medicine. One of the major points about medicine of Qajar era was influence of slang beliefs. The present study based on descriptive-analytic method and library compilation is trying to answer this question: what are the outcomes of slang beliefs’ influence on medicine and treatment approaches in Qajar era? The research's achievements show that the important outcome of these slang beliefs was non-acceptance of modern therapeutic approaches by many people, as they preferred to be treated based on slang beliefs instead of taking medicines and using modern therapeutic approaches.

The cultural orientation of educated academics in Iran with the religious government, is a phenomenon worthy of consideration. The present study seeks to discover students' awareness and firmness to religious beliefs and instructions and their relation with cultural tendencies.

In the framework of an analytical study, religious beliefs affecting behavior were studied using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study were all male and female students with different educational levels in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.A sample of 268 studentswas selected randomly and the questionnaire was completed for them. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Pearson or spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.

The results showed thatstudents' knowledge and firmness to the beliefs and religious guidelineshad a significant relationship with cultural orientation.The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between religious beliefs (r=0.59 , P<0.001)and the influence of beliefs on behavior, religious beliefs and cultural tendencies(r=0.42 , P<0.001), and the influence of beliefs on behavior and cultural orientation(r=0.59 , P<0.001).There was also a significant negative correlation between religious beliefs(r=-0.16 , P=0.019) and cultural injuries and, cultural orientation and cultural harm(r=-0.18 , P=0.008).

The results of this study showed that fixations of religious beliefs depend on the acceptance of religious beliefs. By increasing the cultural orientation of students to religious issues and beliefs, religious beliefs will be stronger. Therefore, in order to improve the cultural and religious situation in the college, it is recommended to publish and promote indigenous and religious culture.

Golestan province is very rich in home remedies due to its geographical location. The people of Sistan, who live in this province, have a long history of using home remedies. The aim of this study was to explore the common home remedies for mother and infatnthealth problems among people with Sistani' ethnicity living in Hussein Abad village, Bandar-Gaz city in Golestan province (birth if Iran).

This is a medical ethnography study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 local healers, midwives, and those who had a home remedy experience and were selected by snowball method sampling. The documents and observations (doing home remedies) were also used as a source of information. Interviews, were transcribed, coded and classified and described.

The agitation and crying in infants and also edema of umbilicus were treated with cat's hair and Kohl (Sormeh). To treat the perinal wound, dried seeds of pomegranate were prescribed for vaginal washing. For preventing of lowback pain in parturient the TASSI a combination of "KAMR pill, parsley, fennel, dill, flour and turmeric" were given for ten days. To reduce breast congestion, they burn oil in the fire to smoke on the breast. Home remedies were very diverse, some of them neutral, some helpful and some have been harmful.

Home remedy is based on beliefs of an ethnicity group regard health and disease and can be passed on from generation to generation. Sometimes these practices can help or hurt people. Good health beliefs and behaviors should be strengthened, and in other ways, it must be prevent the development of false and harmful health beliefs.

Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer among men and the second lethal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the prostate cancer screening behaviors and its related cognitive psychological factors among men over 50 years of age using the health belief model.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 men over 50 years of age in Hamadan, selected by cluster sampling method. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, prostate cancer screening behaviors and health belief model constructs. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression through the SPSS software version 18.
Findings revealed that 12% and 9% of the participants reported having a digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing respectively. Perceived benefits and perceived barriers were the predictors of prostate cancer screening behaviors (P Given that the health belief model is effective in predicting prostate cancer screening behaviors, using these findings in designing educational interventions for people over 50 is recommended.

Backgrond and Ethnic and culture are different factors that affect the pregnancy as a biological phenomenon. Beliefs and traditions related to childbirth are very important, especially in countries and communities with high mortality. Without sufficient knowledge and understanding about women's issues, policies related to improve maternal health will be unattainable. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the customs of various ethnic groups of North Khorasan about the pregnant women.
Material & This qualitative (ethnographic research) study performed by individual and group interviews with open-ended questions in relation to the different traditions of the three pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum and newborn care from the three groups of women, (Mothers who admitted to the hospital for delivery, her mothers and her grandmothers). This study was performed in Bentolhoda hospital in North Khorasan. Interviews were continued until saturation results. Data gathering was done by note taking.
The traditions were classified in three groups. Some of them are useful such as aspects of support and emotional assistance and psychological support of mothers and babies in childbirth at home or in the correct position. Negative beliefs can also be seen such as lack of colostrum feeding baby about worry of neonatal jaundice and neutralized beliefs such as (poly-cut) between relatives, especially those living in rural areas.
The situation of mothers and children in many developing countries suggests that there are a long way to change attitudes and behavior. Therefore, it needs to change reproductive behavior, attitudes and beliefs related to the fertility. Otherwise, purely technical measures, will have only a marginal influence on the promotion of reproductive health.

Diabetes is the most prevalent disease during pregnancy. Self-care and prevention of diabetes type II in future are the key factors in patients’ education. Cultural and religious beliefs are of the effective key factors on self-care by diabetics. Gestational diabetes is one of the main health issues in Iran. Therefore, the present study is aimed at elaborating on the beliefs, and coping strategies of the mothers with gestational diabetes.
The study was carried out as a qualitative-content analysis method. Face to face semi-structured deep interviews were performed for data gathering. Participants were pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes in 24th-36th week of pregnancy who referred to the clinics affiliated with Shahid Beheshti Medical Science University. Data saturation was achieved with 12 interviews and the collected data was analyzed using conventional content analysis method.
conventional content analysis highlighted two themes; Attitude toward the disease and Coping strategies. The former was featured with 2 categories: religious beliefs and medical beliefs. The latter was featured with three layers: compatibility, spirituality, and incompatibility.
calrifyng beliefs and coping behaviors of mothers with gestational diabetes leads to better and proper education planning and programming toward improvement of health, self-care, and prevention of diabetes.

Scorpions are creatures under attention from the past due to their poisonous sting and various imaginations established true or false beliefs about these arthropods so this study has been carried out to clarify these theories, imaginations and Iranian religious views.
this review was prepared based on keywords like scorpion, cure of their bites, their role on beliefs and reciprocal action of human- scorpion. Through 70 titles, it has been analyzed 42 of them which were present in databases like SID, Ovid Medline, Pub Med, Web of Science and published books in this field.
In history of medicine and human culture scorpions are in center of attention more than any creature due to having painful and occasionally fatal poisonous sting. Sometimes they were under attention because they were known as symbol of strength and protection so that we find them ordinary in monuments remained from ancient geography of Iran.
It is found that scorpions play an important role in beliefs, reality and traditions of Iran for their painful and sometimes fatal sting. As a result this role sometimes is based on reality and sometimes has combined with delusions and is not true.

Regarding to the high rate of accidents, events and different diseases which double the demand of blood donation, spreading the culture of blood donation is very important. For this reason, having knowledge of factors that play roles in blood donation is very important.
For this descriptive study, three questionnaires including life style (LSQ, Mohsen Lali et al, 2009), identity style (IsI-G6, Berzonsky, 1989), and belief system questionnaires (SBI-15-R, Holand et al,1998) have been used at random sampling of 90 blood donation volunteers and 90 non-volunteer ones. A T-test for independent groups has been used for data analysis.
The results of the study showed a mean of 345.71 and 322.36 and a standard deviation of 37.343 and 33.958 (p Based on the findings of the present study, it is important to know about the effective factors encouraging voluntary blood donation.

Tooth eruption is universal, recurrent and easily observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the parental beliefs about teething signs and symptoms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a random sample of 534 parents attending Health Care Centers, Tehran, Iran. The questionnaire contained two sections: Section (1) surveyed parents and their children’s demographic characteristics. Section (2) aimed to assess the general knowledge and beliefs of parents regarding their children’ teething. The analysis of data was carried out using SPSS software and descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test (p<0.05). Response to teething was incorrectly attributed to fever (67.6%), diarrhea (58.1%), and sleep disturbances (46.4%). Only 69.7% of parents allowed their children to bite on chilled objects to relieve symptoms associated with teething. This study shows a common lack of knowledge and beliefs about teething among parents. Parents should be better educated about the teething process and the proper management of teething troubles by the dental health care providers.

Given the importance of sexual relationships in marriage and influence of beliefs on types of sexual activities, it seems that premarital sex education can prevent some marital problems and increase sexual knowledge. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of premarital sex education on improvement of couple's sexual dysfunctional beliefs in Isfahan. This was a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study with a control group. Participants were selected from married couples referring to Imam Ali Charity Center in Isfahan in 2013. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (15 pairs) and control groups (15 pairs). Data were gathered using the male and female versions of the Nober and Pintogovia's Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire. The experimental group received eight sessions of premarital sex education. The control group was in waiting list. The results of the ANCOVA analysis showed that the educational intervention was effective in sexual dysfunctional beliefs among women (p<001) and men (p<001). Premarital sexual skills training can improve sexual dysfunctional beliefs in men and women. Sex education, especially before marriage, can prevent sexual disorders and increase couple's sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the short form Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-10) in college students. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study statistical population consisted of students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the place of research was schools (faculties) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Four hundred students (234 women; 166 men; with mean (± SD) age of 22.18 ± 4.06 years) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The assessment measures were Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-10), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest method were used to determine reliability of the scale. The scale’s construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Statistical findings showed that the DBAS-10 internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.84) and test-retest reliability (r=0.83) are reasonable. The DBAS-10 total scores were significantly correlated with PSQI (r=0.45) and DASS-21 subscales of depression (r=0.25), anxiety (r=0.35), and stress (r=0.25). Factor analysis identified two significant subscales for DBAS-10. The DBAS-10 has an appropriate validity and reliability in college students.

Moderate changes in diet have been shown to prevent or delay complications of type 2 diabetes. Understanding beliefs about healthful eating among persons at risk for diabetes may help to develop interventions to change these beliefs as a mechanism for changing dietary behaviors in this population. Therefore objective of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) scales for healthful eating for persons with diabetes. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Semirom diabetes clinic, using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants were 142 adults who had not complications of diabetes. Variables measured were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to eat a healthful diet. Construct validity was assessed with factor analyses. Reliability of the scales was assessed with Cronbach alpha and a 2-month test-retest. Factor analysis loadings were greater than 0.4. Cronbach alphas for attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention were. 92,. 91,. 91 and. 90, respectively. Factor analysis revealed that the constructs fit well for predicting intention to eat a healthful diet. Test-retest revealed 2-month stability of the scales. Questionnaire for measuring TPB constructs attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control were valid and reliable for use with adults with diabetes.

family environment is very vital and important to development of family members. Children who are rising up in Dynamic family environment are resilience to facing life problems. Some children and adolescents like orphans do not have enough chance to experience the warmth and emotional atmosphere of family. The present study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas, irrational beliefs and communicational skills between orphan and non-orphan adolescences. The research method was a causal- comparative approach. The sample of research consisted of 116 female adolescences (56 of them were orphan and 60 others were non-orphan adolescences), the participants mean age was between 12-18 years old. The nonorphan adolescents were selected by available sampling and the other orphan group was elected by targeting sampling. The data gathering was carried out according to three questionnaires including; Young schema questionnaire short form, factor Irrational beliefs Test-Ahwaz (4IBT-A) and communication skills Test-Revised. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods including; Mean and Standard Deviation. Also, inferential statistical methods like; one -way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Multiple-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t-test student for independent groups. Then all data were entered to computer using SPSS package version 16. The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between total early maladaptive schemas scores and the sub-scales including; emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, distrust/misbehave, social isolation/alienation defectiveness/ shame, failure, depended/incompetence, harm to self and obedience among orphan and non- orphan adolescences(p<0.01). While, there was no significant difference between two research groups in irrational beliefs and communicational skills except the assertiveness score. This difference was one of the sub-scales in relationship skills. The non-orphan adolescents had acquired better score than orphan adolescents in assertiveness skill. the results indicated that create proper conditions in childhood period for satisfying the basics needs of children like secure attachment especially for orphans child is very vital and important. Orphans are deprived from secure and stable family atmosphere. So, for better bringing up and preventing those from psychological problems creating the secure and healthy attachment in childhood period is necessary.

Stuttering is a disruption in the fluency of speech that affects various aspects of human communication. Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering are linked to the cognitive aspect of anxiety. Such beliefs can cause or exacerbate social anxiety in people who stutter. Early detection and treatment of such thoughts and beliefs may reduce the severity of social anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering and their correlation with anxiety and depression.

52 adults who stuttered were asked to complete the Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering (UTBAS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaires and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test.

Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs (such as feeling an inner compulsion to control stuttering, fearing that stuttering may occur at any moment and assuming that the others will attend to stuttering) was found with varying degrees in all people who stutter. These thought correlated positively and significantly with anxiety (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) and depression (r = 0.46, P < 0.01).

There is a relationship between unhelpful thoughts and beliefs and the signs of anxiety and depression. Also the positive correlations between these behaviors indicate the importance of the attention to early signs of these thoughts and early treatment of mental health disorders in people who stutter.

AIDS is continuesly one of the most complex health problems of the 21st century. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and preventive measures taken by high school students in Mazandaran. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Using a multistage area sampling method. A random sample of 4400 high school students were studied in Mazandaran in 2007-9. Students who agreed to participate were given a four-page, self–administered questionnaire. Data analyzed by K Squer test using SPSS version 16. All 4400 eligible participants completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 15.91 ± 1.04 years ranging from 15 to 18. Half of the participants were male. The findings indicated that the respondents had average to fairly good knowledge about AIDS. The correct answers ranged from 8.2% to 91.3%; Despite the presence of myths among students concerning the disease and ways of contracting it, most students possessed a positive attitude towards the disease. The results also showed that the majority of the respondents (82.1%) strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that people with AIDS should have social rights to study or work. Although high school students are a high risk group, unfortunately, no efficient preventive program is available for HIV infection and AIDS in Mazandaran.