جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بره موم » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Considering the role of diet and the use of natural antioxidants in addition to exercise, the attention of researchers has been drawn to take further advantage of the effects of exercise to improve cellular metabolism. Despite the favorable role of exercise and antioxidants on heart health, the simultaneous effect of exercise and consumption of propolis (prepared by bees) is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training and propolis against oxidative and myocardial stress in diabetic ovariectomized rats.

This experimental study was conducted on 36 female Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 weeks and weighing 220-250 grams. Six rats were included in the healthy control group. Diabetes was induced in 30 overiectomized rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Then, the diabetic animals were divided into five groups of six including diabetic ovariectomized control, sham, propolis, endurance training, and endurance training + propolis. Rats in the training groups trained for eight weeks, five sessions per week, with 55-75% VO2 max. Moreover, propolis was administered 100 mg/kg/day by peritoneal injection. The level of Pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and expression of HSP72 and NF-κB genes were measured.

HSP72 expression was significantly higher in the propolis, endurance training, and endurance training + propolis groups. The levels of NF-kB and malonaldehyde were significantly decreased in the ovariectomized diabetic rats (P<0.05). Expression of HSP72 in the endurance training and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly higher than in the propolis group. Moreover, NF-kB in the endurance training and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly lower than in the propolis group (P<0.05). The value of PAB in the propolis and endurance training + propolis groups were significantly lower than in the ovariectomized diabetic rats (P<0.05).

Exercise and consumption of propolis seem to synergistically improve the protective HSP72 pathway and reduce oxidative stress in heart tissue following estrogen dysfunction and diabetes. However, the interaction of the two depends on endurance training.

In recent years, studies have been carried on the use of oleogels based on candelilla, bee and rice bran waxes as alternatives to shortenings for the cake production. The objective of the present study was to use extracted wax from propolis for structuring soybean oil and the oleogel use as a shortening substitute in cakes.

Soy oleogels were prepared based on propolis with concentrations of 2 and 4%. The optimal concentration was assessed based on assessments (oil binding capacity, color and peroxide value). The optimized oleogels at 20, 40 and 50% levels replaced shortening in cake formulations. The texture profile, peroxide value, sensory parameters and color parameters in cake samples were investigated.

Results of the analysis of oleogel samples showed that the oleogels with 4% of propolis wax included a higher oil binding capacity than that the oleogels with 2% of wax did and their peroxide value increased lesser over time. Therefore, oleogels with 4% of wax were selected as the optimal samples and used in the cake formulation. Results showed that the use of oleogels in cake formulation included significant effects on the oxidative stability, color, texture and symmetry index of the cake samples. The highest acceptance rates belonged to the samples containing 40 and 20% of oleogels, respectively.

Use of propolis wax-based oleogels did not include significant negative effects on the qualitative and sensory characteristics of the cakes. Therefore, use of propolis wax-based oleogels in cake formulations is recommended due to the availability of propolis and ease of wax extraction.

Propolis is one of the effective products against foodborne bacteria, which chemical composition varies based on the geographical location and vegetation of the region. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial effects of the alcoholic extract of propolis of Taleghan region on four bacteria, disease and food poisoning.

After preparing propolis, its alcoholic extract was collected. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to analyze substances and compounds of the extract. Then, microbial assessments were carried out using agar diffusion and well methods to assess effects of various concentrations of propolis extract on the bacteria. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance.

The maximum growth inhibitions of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus occurred at concentrations of 100 and 75 mg/ml of the extract. The minimum growth inhibition belonged to the concentration of 50 mg/ml of bromine extract. For each of the bacteria in a certain range of the extract concentrations, inhibitory characteristics and minimum bactericidal concentration values ​​verified this. For Staphylococcus aureus, desired extract in concentrations of 100–6.25 mg/ml showed inhibitory characteristics with a difference that at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml, minimum bactericidal concentration results were in contrast to minimum inhibitory concentration results.

Antimicrobial effects of the bromine extract on the pathogenic bacteria were demonstrated in the present study.

Postmenopausal is associated with heart and metabolic disorders. Although the beneficial role of physical activity and antioxidants in human health has been reported; However, the interactive effects of Aerobic training (AT) and Propolis (Pr) on mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac tissue is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of AT with Pr on AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) in the heart of ovariectomized diabetic rats.

30 ovariectomized diabetic (40 mg/kg .ip, Stroptozotocin) rats, aged 16-12 weeks and weight 250-220 g were divided in 5 groups; (1) Control ovariectomized diabetic (COD), (2) Sham (Sh), (3) Pr, (4) AT and (5) AT + Pr. Also, 6 healthy rats were divided in Healthy Control (HC) group. Groups 4 and 5 trained for eight weeks, five sessions per week with 55-75% VO2max; Groups 3 and 5 received 100 mg/kg/day of Pr. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test in GraphPad Prism 8.3.3 software were used to analyze the data (P≥0.05).

AMPK and PGC1α in AT group were significantly higher than COD and Sh groups (P≥0.05); PGC1α gene expression in Pr group was significantly higher than Sh group (P≥0.05). Also, AMPK and PGC1α gene expression in AT + Pr group were significantly higher than COD and Sh groups (P≥0.05).

It seems that the AT and Pr have beneficial effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac tissue following estrogen deficiency and diabetes. Therefore, the Pr and AT is recommended in ovariectomized and diabetic models.

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection which is associated with several complications. Propolis is a bee product and contains tanen, flavonoids and volatile oils, so it has antiprasitic activity. This study was performed with aim to compare the effect of propolis gel and metronidazole tablet on dyspareunia.

This clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 102 non-pregnant married women with complains of Trichomoniasis clinical symptoms referred to the gynecology clinics in Isfahan. They were divided into two groups of experiment (propolis gel) and control (metronidazole tablet). Participants were treated for 7 days. Dyspareunia was assessed using the visual pain scale (VAS) with a range of 0-10. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and independent T-test, fisher exact test, ANCOVA and Chi-square tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

During all steps of the study, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in type and mean severity of pain. However, after adjustment of dyspareunia pre-intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention, the score of dyspareunia in the experiment group was 0.882 lower than the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). In the experiment group, all of participants with post coital bleeding/spotting were completely treated, while no improvement was observed in the control group.

Vaginal gel containing propolis extract has positive therapeutic effect on dyspareunia. It has least effect on the vaginal epithelium, without GI and neurologic side effects.

Decrease in sperm motility and increase in oxidative stress levels are of the main causes of male infertility. Since the fertility has high value in most cultures, this study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of propolis supplementation on sperm parameters and oxidative stress markers in idiopathic infertile men. This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on 60 men with asthenospermia who referred to infertility clinic of Velayat hospital in Qazvin in 2016. The subjects were divided into two groups of intervention and placebo (n=30 in each group). The subjects in both groups received daily 1500 mg (three capsules of 500 mg) propolis and placebo for 12 weeks. The parameters of sperm, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined at the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16), and Paired samples t-test (dependent t-test) and Independent samples t-test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, the number, concentration and percentage of sperm motility and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased in the intervention group and the concentration of malondialdehyde significantly decreased in the intervention group (p <0.05). Receiving the propolis leads to reduction in oxidative stress and improvement in sperm parameters. Since increased oxidative stress was observed in sperm disorders, receiving antioxidants supplement such as propolis may be one of the methods to deal with sperm oxidative impairments in this group of infertile men

Natural antimicrobial compounds have a valuable capacity to be used in a variety of foods to inhibit growth of foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. The aims of this study were to produce active biodegradable films by incorporation of different percentage of oregano essential oil (OEO) and ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) into poly-lactic acid (PLA) films, and to evaluate physical and antimicrobial properties of the resulting films.
The active films were produced by solvent casting method, and their thickness and major color parameters were measured using a digital micrometer and a colorimeter instrument, respectively. Afterwards, antibacterial effects of the films were assessed against four common foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes, by means of disk diffusion test.
Physical examinations showed that thickness of resultant films significantly was increased (p Based on the findings of this study, the presence of just EEP in the initial formulation of poly-lactic acid films was not effective against the four tested foodborne pathogens, while the addition of this compound to the films containing OEO increased the effective antibacterial properties of the resulting films. As a result, the simultaneous use of these two compounds in the structure of hydrophobic films, such as poly-lactic acid film, can be used to produce active food packaging films.

Multiple-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the medical challenges in medicine. The aim of present study was molecular identification of multiple-drug resistant bacterial isolates in wounds of patients in Ahvaz City, Iran, hospitals, and detection of the effect of bee propolis ethanol extract on these bacteria.
120 samples was obtained from bed, burn, and diabetic foot wounds of patients hospitalized in 5 hospitals in Ahwaz City from May to July 2016. Multiple-drug resistant isolates were selected using disk diffusion method and were identified via sequencing 16SrRNA gene. Propolis ethanol extract was prepared using soaking method and its effect as an antibacterial agent was tested on the isolates by well diffusion and microdilution methods.
Findings: 6 multiple-drug resistant isolates including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were identified among 25 antibiotic-resistant isolates from different wounds. The concentration of 25 mg/ml of propolis ethanol extract was effective on Gram-positive bacteria in well diffusion method. In microdilution method, the most sensitivity was seen in Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 50 mg/ml, and then in Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration of 200 mg/ml. Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all concentrations of extract in both methods.
The isolated multiple-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria which were from problematic agents in treatment of wounds, showed high sensitivity to propolis ethanolic extract.

Only natural materials were used for healing the wounds. As wax honey, ostrich oil and propolis have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects, this study was launched to investigate their efficacy in skin wound healing.
In this experimental study, 40 Vistar male rats were divided into 5 groups which included a control group, honey wax group, honey wax and propolis group, honey wax and ostrich oil group, and honey wax and bee wax group. In all 5 groups, wound-surface measuring continued until the 10th day and hydroxyproline of the urine was analyzed on Day 10; and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.
The percentage of recovery was different on the sixth, eighth and tenth days of treatment among all the treated groups and the control group. An evaluation of the analyzed hydroxyproline in the urine also showed a significant difference in all treated groups on the one hand compared to the control group, on the other.
The results of the recovery and percentage and concentration of hydroxyproline in urine, showed the restoration properties of honey not only has a synergistic effect but also accelerates the wound-healing process when used along with ostrich oil and propolis.

The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance is one of the great problems of malaria control and elimination of worldwide. In order to overcome anti-malarial drug resistance, cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-Plasmodiumal activity of four different Iranian propolis were investigated.
Four Iranian propolis samples were collected from four different regions of Iran and extracted by %70 ethanol and dichloromethane. The cytotoxicity of ethanolic and dichloromethane extract of propolis, using L969 fibroblast cell lines, were evaluated by MTT assay. The in vitro anti-Plasmodial activities of the propolis samples on BALB/c mice were assayed.
The cytotoxicity results showed that ethanol and dichloromethane extracts of four Iranian propolis samples at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml were non-toxic (P Considering the drug resistance of P. falciparum to conventional medicine and its dangers, and the emergence of development cheap and safe anti-malaria drugs to control and eliminate programs. Further investigation on Iranian propolis as safe and anti-malarial drug is recommended.

Propolis is a natural product with powerful antioxidant and therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propolis on passive avoidance memory in adult male mice.
In this study, 40 adult male mice were divided into 8 groups, including control, sham (solvent) and 3 treatment groups orally treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of propolis, respectively for two weeks before and one week after treatment. Then, passive avoidance learning and memory were recorded in timescales of 24 and 48 hours, 4 days and a week after shock by the shuttle box. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc tests, and p Administration of propolis (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the dark chamber entering time at intervals of 24 and 48 hours (p Oral administrations of propolis can improve learning and memory dose-dependently in adult male mice.

Protective antigen of anthrax toxin, after touching the cell receptors, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of toxin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of anthrax toxin protective antigen and four great combination propolis included caffeic acid, benzyl caffeate, cinnamic acid and kaempferol using the softwares and bioinformatics web servers.
Three-dimensional structure of protective antigen (receptor) obtains from Protein Data Bank (PDB). Four of the main components from propolis were selected as ligand and their 3D-structures were obtained from ChemSpider and ZINC compound database. The interaction of each ligand and receptor was assessed by SwissDock server (http://www.swissdock.ch/) and BSP-SLIM server (http://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/BSP-SLIM). Docking results appears with Fullfitness numbers (in kcal/mol). Identification of amino acids involved in ligand and receptor interaction, was performed using the Chimera software; UCSF Chimera program (http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/).
The results of interaction between propolis components and protective antigen by BSP-SLIM server showed that the most interaction was related with benzyl caffeate, caffeic acid, kaempferol and cinnamic acid, respectively. Results for the desired ligand Interaction with protective antigen genes using SwissDock server showed that the caffeic acid had ΔG equals -9.10 kcal/mol and FullFitness equal to -993.16 kcal/mol respectively. The analysis of interaction between ligands with amino-acids of protective antigen indicated that the interaction of Caffeic acid whit Glutamic acid 117 had energy -15.5429 kcal/mol.
Finding strong and safe inhibitors for anthrax toxin is very useful method for inhibiting its toxicity to cell. In this study the binding ability of four flavonoids to protective antigen was studied. Glutamic acid 117 is very effective in protective antigen binding and cell receptor and subsequent in virulent of anthrax toxin. Effective interaction of caffeic acid in propolis and glutamic acid 117 can be as useful in preventing the toxic effect on cell. According to our results, all four flavonoids tested in this study have binding activity to protective antigen and are good choices for fighting against anthrax.

Ulcer and its complications can cause many problems for patients. Therefore, understanding the factors that can influence wound healing and prevent the spread of damage is important. The study aimed to identify factors affecting wound healing yellow Aloevera plant and propolis extracts.
In this study, 50 male wistar rats (180-130Grm) were randomly selected and divided into five groups: control, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with Aloevera plant, diabetic rats treated with propolis extract and diabetic rats treated with their combination. Then each of five groups after being injured 2 cm in length, were made on the skin and the wound healing process was followed daily. Wound area was measured at the next days and MATLAB software was used for calculating the percentage of wound healing. In order to study pathology on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 of the wounds were sampled and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the differences between the groups and Tukey post hoc test was used to specify where the difference occurred.
Findings: The mean healing time in the experimental group treated with a combination of Aloevera plant and propolis extract was less than the other groups (P≤0.01). Also, the histological study Confirmed improvement in skin texture treatment with Aloevera plant and propolis extract significant difference compared to the other groups (P≤0.01).
Diacussion & The study showed that topical administration of Aloevera plant and propolis extract accelerate healing of diabetic ulcers.

Aims: Propolis is one of the natural materials collected by the honeybees. The material is extensively used to treat some diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ethanol extract of propolis of Qazvin plain on some biochemical factors, as well as serum antioxidant capacity, in adult male Wistar rats.
In the experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10 per group). The first was control group. The experimental groups received 50, 100, and 200mg/kg propolis. After 10-day gavage, the serum of the rats being extracted, glucose, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using one-way ANOVA and Tykey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings: There was no significant difference in the blood sugar level between different groups and control group. There was a significant reduction in triglyceride level in “100mg/kg” group than control group (p Oral consumption of propolis has a moderating effect on some blood biochemical factors especially triglyceride. In addition, it increases serum total antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, its excessive consumption might damage patients with liver diseases.

Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus can cause food poisoning and digestive disorders in human beings. Propolis has been known as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis extract on bacterial strains.

In this study, we evaluated antibacterial effects of propolis alcoholic extract on Staphylococcus aureus (ptcc1112), Bacillus cereus (ptcc1247) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ptcc1707) for three times, by means of paper disc method (determination of inhibition zone diameter) and broth dilution, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Using SPSS software, statistical analysis was performed by DUNCAN test.

The results showed that the antibacterial activity and inhibition diameters for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in a propolis extract concentration of 5.25 mg / ml) were respectively 18.66±0.58, 18, 14.33±0.58, respectively. S. Aureus had the highest sensitivity and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest resistance to alcoholic extract of propolis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were 0.656, 0.656 and 2.62 mg/ ml respectively and the lethal concentrations (MBC) for Clostridium sporogenes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were 0.656, 0.656 and 2.62 mg/ ml respectively.

The alcoholic extract of propolis had inhibitory and antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Considering organoleptic effects of propolis extract, it can be used as a preservative in food.

Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is regarded as a painful and discomforting chemotherapy complication , affecting patient’s quality of life and endurance to continue the treatment. Hence, treatment of mucositis is of great significance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Baremoom mouthwash in treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis .
This interventional double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was performed on 40 adult patients under chemotherapy in blood and oncology department of Shahid Sadouqhi hospital. The total of 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental baremoom group and a control placebo group each containing 20 subjects. Baremoom mouthwash (30% extract, Soren Tektoos, Mashhad) and placebo mouthwash ( Sterile water with allowable additives ,Soren Tektoos, Mashhad ) with same apparent properties were given to the patients (3 times a day) for 7 days after mucositis detection. The patients were evaluated in regard with mucositis grade (0-4 WHO) and wounds extension on 1th , 3th and 7th days after the study begining. In order to statistically analyze the collected data, Freidman, Mann–Whitney, and wilcoxon W tests were applied utilizing SPSS software (ver, 17).
On 3rd and 7th days, mean degree of wound extension and mucositis were demonstrated to be significantly different between the two groups. According to Friedman test, both experimental and control groups revealed a significant difference in regard with wound extension and mucositis grade within the three time periods.
The study findings indicated that Baremoom mouthwash was more effective in chemotherapy- induced mucositis than placebo. Hence, this agent can be recommended as an appropriate medicine in order to eliminate mucositis symtoms and decrease oral ulcers.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent human parasites globally distributed with a wide range of hosts including humans and animal species. The available anti-toxoplasma treatments have faced several problems. To deal with these issues new drugs and compounds are required to be evaluated. This study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts of propolis on acute toxoplasmosis in mouse model.

A total of 40 BALB/c mice with average weight of 20-25 gr, were divided into 8 groups of 5. Each mouse was inoculated intraperitoneally with parasitic suspension of approximately 10,000 tachyzoites. Two groups of mice, including a non-infected group and an infected but not treated group were used as control. Twenty-four hours after the infection, treatment was initiated for six groups, inoculating 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg/kg of propolis extracts orally for 7 days.

The average survival time was 6.4 to 7.2 days in the propolis treated groups of mice and 4.6 days in the control group, that was significantly different. The number of Toxoplasma tachyzoites in the test groups was significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.05). It was 10×104 in the group of 300mg and 20.4×104 in the control group with minimum and maximum parasite numbers, respectively. The most effective dose of propolis extract on survival time of the infected mice was 150 mg/kg.

The results indicated that the propolis ethanol extracts can relatively inhibit Toxoplasma infection development in mouse model.

Background and Auto-transplantation is the best bone graft substitute, but there are some limitations. Therefore, other methods using synthetic or natural materials are recommended. Propolis is a resinous natural product derived from plant exudates collected by honeybees. It has been extensively used in folk medicine because of its biological and pharmacological activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the osteogenic properties of propolis on healing of diaphyseal defects in rabbit ulna. In this study ten healthy adult male white New Zealand rabbits were used. The animals were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n=5 per group). Three millimeters defects were created in right diaphysis of ulna in all animals and intramedullary pins were used for bone fixation. In treatment group the defects were filled with propolis but in control group the defects were left unfilled. Radiological study showed that propolis as a scaffold could somewhat guide the bone growth. Histological section showed moderately differentiated lamellar bone in the cortical part with presence of haversian canal at peripheral cortex, whereas fibrocollagenous tissue and good amount of bone marrow tissue, fat cells and bone vessels were observed in control group. The results showed no significant difference in bone healing between the two groups. Propolis have biological materials, minerals and amino and organic acid properties, therefore, further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of propolis on bone healing.

Long-term and predictable endodontic treatment requires complete and effective debridement of the root canal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of propolis and some commonly used conventional irrigating solution as a root canal irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis.

A total of 60 one-rooted teeth with a root length of 13 mm were selected and the crowns were cut away. The samples were then cleaned, shaped and divided into 5 groups of 12. The irrigation solutions of 2.5% NaOCL, 1% iodine potassium iodide, 0.2% chlorhexidine, alcoholic extract of propolis and sterile ionized water (control group) were used in the study groups, respectively. Subsequently, the canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and cultured once. Then the specimens were rinsed again with the irrigants mentioned above and cultures were obtained. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using t-test and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

The first and second cultures in all the groups were significantly different from the control group (p value = 0.001). The first cultures exhibited significant differences between propolis and sodium hypochlorite (p value = 0.025). In the second cultures there were significant differences between propolis and other groups and between iodine potassium iodide and other groups (p value < 0.05) except for sodium hypochlorite (p value = 0.116). In addition, there were significant differences between chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite (p value = 0.002).

Based on the results of the present study, propolis exhibited better antibacterial effects on E. faecalis compared to other materials. In addition, all the irrigants had better antibacterial activity compared to water.