جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "جهت گیری زندگی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, and its control and treatment are outside the scope of a single discipline. Emotion regulation is considered one of the dimensions of obesity pathology. The inability to regulate emotion also affects eating behavior. Emotion is one of the most important psychological factors in eating. Emotion regulation refers to people's efforts to influence and express their emotions. Another psychological factor that may play an important role in obesity among obese women is life orientation. Mindfulness–based stress reduction is effective in the psychological and behavioral characteristics of obese women. Mindfulness–based stress reduction is how mental skills are developed. This approach combines mental meditation, body cognition, and Yoga. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness–based stress reduction therapy in emotion regulation and life orientation among obese women.

The present research was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design and a control group. The statistical population included all obese women referred to counseling centers for 12 months from March 2018 to March 2019 in Malayer City, Iran (n=492). The sample size was selected based on the minimum sample size in experimental studies. A total of 30 people (2 groups of 15 people, including one experimental and one control group) were selected as the study sample using the available sampling. The inclusion criteria were body mass index of 30 kg/m2 and above, satisfaction with participating in the counseling course, and not receiving psychological treatment. Subjects responded to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Granefski et al., 2002) and Life Orientation Test–Revised (Scheier et al., 1994) before and after the interventions and in the follow–up phase (after three months). The experimental group received a mindfulness program in 8 90–minute sessions. The study data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that mindfulness–based stress reduction significantly improved the regulation of positive and negative emotions and life orientation of obese women (p<0.001). Also, after three months, the average follow–up scores showed the stability of changes over time.

Mindfulness–based stress reduction by changing people's lifestyles, thoughts, and cognition leads to an increase in positive emotion and life orientation and a decrease in negative emotion in obese women.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of problem solving training on life orientation, positive and negative emotions, and learned helplessness in incompatible couples in Qaemshahr city.

The method of the present research was an experiment and a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Qaemshahr city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Then, the subjects of the experimental group received problem solving training during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect data from life orientation questionnaires (Shier and Carver, 1994), positive and negative affect (Watson et al., 1988) and learned helplessness (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) in two stages before and after training in both groups (experiment and control) were used.

The findings from the analysis of covariance test showed that problem solving training improved optimism in life orientation, increased positive emotion, and reduced learned helplessness in the tested group (p=0.05).
 

According to the findings of the present research, in the field of therapy and counseling of incompatible couples, training in problem solving for the compatibility of couples and solving their conflicts; It looks very efficient and promising.

 Today, the insurance industry is considered one of the most essential factors in wealth and social well-being production. This industry is based on economic service and has a critical and sensitive position in economic growth and development, especially in developing countries. Since human resources are the most valuable capital to realize the goals of this industry, therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors related to the psychological empowerment of employees. Based on this, the current research was conducted to compare the quality of work life and job embeddedness based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature in Kermanshah insurance offices.

 This study was a causal-comparative study in terms of goals and descriptive in terms of the data-gathering procedure. The sample size of the research was 280 people (62 women and 218 men) from the employees of Pasargad Insurance in Kermanshah city in 1401, which were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, Walton's Quality of Work Life (QWL), Ardalan et al.'s Job Embeddedness (JEQ), and Sheyer & Carver's Life Orientation (LOT) questionnaires were used. The research data were analyzed using SPSS-27 software and multivariate analysis of variance.

 The results of the MANOVA test showed that all the dimensions of the quality of work life are different based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature. This claim is also true about the six components of occupational institutionalization and shows, that the dimensions of job embeddedness are based on the life orientation of optimistic-pessimistic nature have a significant difference.

 Optimism as a hopeful expectation in a specific situation can play a significant role in the quality of working life, and the desire to continue working and creating attachment to organizational tasks. As a result, it is suggested that managers prepare training programs for employees to adopt an optimistic orientation in life to reduce job abandonment and attachment to the organization, which is a consequence of job embeddedness.

Due to the profound impact of mentally retarded children on the lives of family members, especially mothers, and the lack of research in this area, the aim of this study was to compare psychological disturbance, life orientation, difficulty in regulating emotion and emotional schemas in mothers of mentally retarded children and Sabzevar is a normal city.

The method of this causal-comparative study and the statistical population includes all mothers of normal and mentally retarded children who referred to rehabilitation centers and clinics in Sabzevar between January and February 2017. The sample size included 50 mothers of mentally retarded children and 50 mothers of healthy children who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Research tools include the Loybond (1997) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Chang (1997) Extensive Life Orientation Questionnaire, Leak Emotion Difficulty Regulation (2004), and Leahy (2002) Emotional Schemas. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance using SPSS 24 statistical software.

The results showed that between consistent emotional schemas (p <0.003) and maladaptive (p <0.001), emotion regulation difficulty (p <0.003), life orientation (p <0.003) and Psychological disorder (p <0.003) There is a significant difference between mothers of mentally retarded and normal children.

Based on the findings of the study, it can be said that mothers of mentally retarded children due to psychological, emotional and social vulnerability have compatible emotional schemas and low life orientation and maladaptive emotional schemas, difficulty in regulating emotion and more psychological turmoil that needs to be applied. Appropriate psychological therapies addressed these problems.

E-Learning is one of the most important and favorable topics in the scientific society and they attempt to facilitate the complexities aspects of human being learning.This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of life orientation on the effect of metacognitive learning and self-directed learning on e-learning level in universities’ managers.The present study was a correlational research with structural equation modeling.

The research methodology was descriptive-correlational and in particular structural The statistical population of this research was 478 university managers (including medical sciences and marine sciences and Islamic Azad) in Mazandaran province, and 260 individuals were selected as the sample size in a purposeful method. Pintridge and DeGrott metacognitive learning strategies scale (1990),Cheng's self-directed learning scale (2007), Watkins et al. (2004) e-learning scale, and Keyes' life orientation scale (1985) was used.The collected data were analyzed using structural regression equations using SPSS 18 and Amos 23 software.

The findings showed that the research model is fitted and 46% of the e-learning variable could be explained by life orientation , self-directed learning and emotional well-being. Also emotional well-being had a mediating role in the effect of meta-cognitive learning and self-directed learning on the level of e-learning.

The results of this research can provide practical implications for improving psychological status emphasizing the mediating role of life orientation on the impact of meta-cognitive learning and self-directed learning on e-learning level in universities’ managers.

Adolescence is a period of fundamental physical and psychological changes in social interactions and relationships. One of the factors that psychologists are interested in this period is life orientation among adolescents. Orientation of life refers to the ability of people, especially adolescents, to control their emotions at sensitive times and situations and is considered an emotional relation (2). The regulation of interpersonal emotion in relation to adolescents is also one of the most important and decisive issues that refer to the cognitive way of manipulating of information in adolescents. One of the strategies that can effectively orient life and regulate emotion is psychological immunization training. The immunization training program is one of the treatment programs based on the theory of cognitive–behavioral psychology and was first proposed by Meichenbaum. According to psychologists, adolescence is a critical period. Life orientation in this period has a decisive role in adolescents' attitudes toward life and decision–making in different situations. Adjusting interpersonal excitement is also important for adolescents. So, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychological immunization program training on adolescent life orientation and emotion regulation.

This research is a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design. The study’s statistical population included all junior female high school students (N=9780) studying in 38 high schools of the education district 16 of Tehran City, Iran, in the 2018–2019 academic year. In this study, the purposive sampling method was used to select the samples. For this purpose, out of 38 high schools, three were randomly selected and the students of those three high schools completed the research questionnaires. Then (given that there was only one study group in this study), 20 students who scored less than 12 in Life Orientation Test (Scheier et al.,1985) and less than 108 in Cognitive Emotion Regulations Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001) were randomly selected (as the only experimental group) and received psychological immunization program training. The training program was delivered in twelve 75–min sessions for three weeks. To assess the stability of the intervention, a follow–up test was performed 6 months after the posttest. The study data in the pretest, posttest, and follow–up were collected via the Life Orientation Test (Scheier et al.,1985) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001). In this study, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 24. The significance level for all tests was 0.05.

The results showed that psychological immunization training was not effective on the life orientation of adolescents (p=0.173). However, it affected the cognitive emotion regulation of adolescents (p=0.037). Also, based on the mean scores (pretest: 85.55±7.51, posttest: 130.45±5.82, and follow–up: 127.20±8.89), psychological immunization training was stable after six months in increasing cognitive emotion regulation. The effect size of the immunization training program on increasing cognitive emotion regulation score was 0.518.

Based on the study findings, psychological immunization program training can help adolescents protect themselves in various high–risk situations and improve their emotion regulation.

Students are potential resources of Iran. Students are expected to start a family and work after graduation. Establishing future demands requires biopsychological health. Life Orientation (LO) through the cognitive procedure can affect students' health. Empathy positively impacts individuals' interactions. However, studies indicated that students' mental health is poor; thus, interventions are required in this area. The mindfulness-based intervention is among the most attractive approaches in promoting health; it potentially integrates different interventions. Moreover, compassion-based interventions presented good efficacy in improving mental illnesses. Furthermore, integrated approaches are recommended in studies. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of Compassion-Based Mindfulness (CBM) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Emotional Empathy (EE) and LO in female students.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow-up (30 days) and a control group design. The study population included all students of Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, in the academic year of 2018-2019 (N=10000). According to the Krejcie & Morgan's Table (1970), 384 subjects were initially selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Among the students who received a score above 24 (69 students), 45 female students were eligible to enter the study. The study's inclusion criteria were scoring above the cut-off point (>24) in the GHQ, female gender, willingness to attend sessions, the age range of 18-30 years, being a student, and not participating in other psychological treatment. The exclusion criteria included psychiatric medication use, a history of acute psychiatric disorders, absence from>2 sessions, and discontinued participation. The study participants (n=45) were randomly placed in 3 CBM, MBCT, and control (n=15/group). All study participants were assessed before, after, and one month after the interventions by Basic Empathy Scale (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006) and Life Orientation Test (Scheier et al., 1994). The intervention groups received eight 90-minute weekly intervention sessions. The control group received no intervention in this period. The MBCT sessions were conducted per Segal et al.'s package (2002). CBM was developed for the first time in this study. To compile the content of CBM sessions, Attride-Stirling's theme analysis method (2001) was used. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test, were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS at the significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant change in pretest, posttest, and follow-up scores, regardless of the group effect, for EE (p</em><0.001). Furthermore, the group's impact presented a significant difference in EE (p</em>=0.038). The pessimism and optimism scores also reflected a significant difference at pretest, posttest, and follow-up, regardless of the group effect (p</em><0.001). Groups comparison respecting pessimism indicated a significant difference between the study groups (p</em>=0.022). Regarding optimism, there was a significant difference (p</em><0.001) between the study groups. There was a substantial difference between the MBCT and CBM groups and the controls in the posttest and follow-up stages concerning optimism, pessimism, and EE (p</em><0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between MBCT and CBM on the mentioned variables in the posttest and follow-up stages (p</em><0.001).

According to the current research findings, MBCT and CBM effectively increased empathy and optimism and reduced pessimism in students; however, CBMT was more effective in posttest and follow-up stages than MBCT on these variables.

The purpose of this study was to predict mood and anxiety symptoms based on attachment styles, dysfunctional attitudes, and life orientation.

This study was a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Karaj Azad University in the year 1398-1989 who were selected by the available sampling method, and by the Cochran formula, 300 students were selected. Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Life Orientation Test (LOT) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.  

The results showed that a significant relationship was observed between the styles of anxiety attachment, closeness and dependence, dysfunctional attitudes and life orientation, optimistic and pessimistic with the creation of general distress. There was also a significant relationship between the styles of anxiety attachment, closeness and dependence, dysfunctional attitudes with the creation of anxiety arousal, but no significant relationship was observed between life orientation, optimism and pessimism with the creation of anxiety arousal.

Finally, there was a significant relationship between anxiety attachment styles, closeness, dependence, life orientation, optimism and pessimism with the creation of lack of pleasure, but there was no significant relationship between dysfunctional attitude and lack of pleasure.

Cancer is the fourth most common chronic disease that has a negative effect on patients’ normal life and mental health. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training with Quranic approach on negative emotions, the quality of life and orientation toward life in patients afflicted by Breast Cancer in Tehran.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer selected from those referring to Kasra hospital in Tehran. Based on the specified criteria for inclusion in the study and DASS, WHOQ-26 and LOT-R, life quality and orientation to life, patients with the highest scores were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n1=n2=15). The experimental group received eight 60-minute sessions of therapeutic intervention one session a week, while the control group received no intervention. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in reducing the negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and stress (P<0.05). The results further showed that there was a significant difference in quality of life scores and life orientation between the two groups (P<0.05).

Life skills training based on the Holy Quran combined with standard medical care had a beneficial effect on the psychological indicators and health of cancer patients and decreased their negative emotions.

Personality and related structures have been considered as one of the fields of study in psychology and psychiatry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate structural relationships of Meaning in life, Personal Growth Initiative, Life orientation and wisdom with authentic personality in college students.

In a hypothetical structural model of relationships between research variables, 166 students (85 boys and 81 girls) of University of Isfahan were selected by available sampling. They were evaluated with Meaning in Life, Life Orientation (Scheier and Carver, 1985), Personal Growth Initiative (Robitschek, 1998), Three-Dimensional Wisdom (Ardelt, 2003) and Authenticity personality Scales (Wood et al, 2008).

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between life orientation, meaning in life, Personal Growth Initiative and wisdom with authentic personality in students. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that optimism, Personal Growth Initiative and wisdom have a significant relationship with authentic personality of students. The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model. The results showed a significant correlation between the orientation of life, Personal Growth Initiative, the authentic personality and meaning in life.

The findings of the present study, in addition to practical implications, has provide a useful framework for identifying the components that affect the formation and development of authentic personality in students.

Today, quality of life is one of the biggest health goals in health care and is an effective factor in the life of the elderly. So The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of life orientation and Islamic life-style in order to predicting the quality of elderly people life. The method of this descriptive-correlational study was the statistical population of all elderly people in Bileh-e-savar city in Ardebil province in the first half of 2018. A sample of 100 people were selected through available sampling method. Then they responded to the questionnaire of Islamic lifestyle, life orientation and quality of life (SF-36). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between Islamic lifestyle and optimistic life orientation with the quality of life of the elderly, but there is a negative relationship between the pessimistic life orientation and their quality of life (P>0.01). Regression analysis showed that 45% of the total variance in the quality of life was specified by the component of Islamic life-style and life orientation. This study has been Solutions for pathologists, especially elderly medicine, to promote lifestyle Islamic life-style, mental health and quality of life for the elderly.

This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship of moral values according to attachment style, spiritual well-being and life orientation in unsupervised adolescents in Isfahan.
This study is a kind of descriptive investigation of multiple correlation and structural equation. The research sample was comprised of 118 unsupervised children in Isfahan and also the research questionnaires included Hazan and Shaver attachment questionnaire (1987), Gomes& Fisher spiritual well-being questionnaire (2003), Life Orientation Shyer & Carver questionnaire (1985) Graham Hyatt Moral foundations questionnaire (2004).
Findings of this study showed that there is a relationship between moral values and attachment style, spiritual well-being and life orientation (P According to the obtained results, the moral values is a factor in which spiritual, psychological and social factors are involved.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the existence of any possible relationship between existential anxiety and core self-Evaluation (CSE), in predicting life orientation of patients with cancer.
The study employed a correlational research design. One hundred patients with cancer (skin, breast, and stomach), 20 to 40 years of age, referring to hospitals in Ardabil were selected by purposeful sampling. The selected individuals completed existential anxiety, core self-evaluation and life orientation questionnaires. To analyze the data, stepwise regression analysis was used.
The findings of the study showed that, there was a meaningful and positive relationship between existential anxiety and predicting pessimistic attitude towards life (P In regards with patients with chronic disease, in addition to physical health and medical treatments, special attention should be paid to their mental health because chronic diseases such as cancer could endanger their lives. The results also demonstrated that with medical advances in the treatment of these patients, their mental health should also be considered with the help of mental health professionals

Multiple sclerosis is one of the neuro-cognitive disorders that make a lot of cognitive and behavioral effects. This study was aimed to compare executive function and life orientation in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy people.
This study was descriptive and causal-comparative. Among all of the patients referred to Multiple Sclerosis Society of Iran, 100 patients with multiple sclerosis, at least 5 years of their disease passing, were chosen by sample randomization. For the comparison group, among relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis and multiple sclerosis society staff, 100 people were matched in terms of age, sex, education, occupation and marital status. Data was obtained by using executive function questionnaire (Nejati, 2013) and life orientation questionnaire (Scheier and Carver, 1985) and analyzed by T-test and MANOVA.
Healthy people have higher average in the scales of executive functions and life orientation, compared to patients with multiple sclerosis. There is a significant different between these groups (p>0/05).
Results showed that patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy people are of a lower position in the scales of executive functions. Life orientation scores in multiple sclerosis patients was lower than healthy people, and their attitude is toward the negative direction and pessimistic. According to the results, there is a need to pay more serious attention from specialists about intervention in the problems of this group.

Aim and This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques training on life orientation, life satisfaction, and acceptance and action in addicted women undergoing rehabilitation.
Methods and Materials: The present study was a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all addicted women who had undergone detoxification and at the time of the study were undergoing rehabilitation in the Parastoo Center in Najafabad, Iran. A total of 24 subjects were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups (n = 12). The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness techniques training over 2 months and each session lasted 2 hours, whereas the control group only received routine rehabilitation training. Both experimental and control groups completed the Life Orientation Test (LOT), Satisfaction with Life Scale, (SWLS) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Findings: The controlling of pretest scores showed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the average scores of life orientation, life satisfaction, and acceptance and action in the posttest stage (P It can be concluded that mindfulness techniques training had had a meaningful effect on the improvement of life orientation, life satisfaction, and acceptance and action. Thus, it can be used as an appropriate intervention in the treatment of addicted women undergoing rehabilitation.

Social support is a critical component in the lives of patients with HIV. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the role of social support in orientation and life expectancy of healthy people and patients with HIV in Zabol.
The method of this study was descriptive following a correlational predictive design. The statistical population of the current study included all patients with HIV and normal people in Zabol and the statistical sample of this study contained 190 individuals (40 patients with HIV and 150 healthy people). To collect the data, the Sherbourne and Stewart Social Support Survey, the Hallajian Life Expectancy Questionnaire, and the Carver et al. Life Orientation Test were used.
The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that social support was significantly and positively related to life expectancy (r=0.33) and life orientation (r=0.31) of patients with HIV and in addition, the results of simultaneous regression revealed that social support alone predicted 10% of the variance in life expectancy and 9% of the variance in life orientation among patients with HIV; however, in healthy people, social support predicted only 3% of the variance in life expectancy and 5% of the variance in life orientation.
Given the results of the current study, regarding the promotion of life expectancy and orientation in life, patients with HIV need more social support compared to healthy individuals.

Promotion of psychological well-being is one of the objectives of the current century psychology. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mahdavi teachings on psychological well-being and life orientation in the first grade high school male students in Isfahan.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted of 30 first grade high school male students in District 3 of Isfahan. The participants were selected from a high school in District 3 of Isfahan through random cluster sampling method that were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups (n=15 in each group). The data collection instruments included Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being and Life Orientation questionnaire of Scheier and Carver. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics, especially multivariate analysis of covariance, were used.

Mahdavi teachings had a positive impact on psychological well-being, but it did not affect the students’ life orientation

Considering Mahdavi teachings seems to be necessary to promote psychological well-being in students.