جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "حجم تومور" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Melanoma cancer is one of the most common types of skin cancer. In this cancer, skin cells grow uncontrollably and divide rapidly. Cytokines play an important role in regulating immune function. Cytokines also play an important role in the onset and proliferation of various cancers. Cytokines, especially interleukin-8, play an important role in tumor growth. Interleukin-8 also plays a role in angiogenesis, tumor volume growth. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of diseases is considered by traditional medicine experts. Various studies have shown that nettle extract is involved in several biological and biochemical activities, which have the potential to treat various disorders that affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, genitourinary system and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In recent years, endurance exercise has been introduced as a safe intervention in preventing and improving the quality of life of people with cancer. However, the therapeutic aspects of exercise training and the mechanisms of effect of this type of exercise on effective indicators and cancerous tumors, especially melanoma, are still debated and less research has been done to identify the effective mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nettle extract consumption and aerobic exercise on IL-8 and Tumor volume gene expression in mice with melanoma.

In this experimental study, 20 adult male rats with weighing 300 to 350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups, including groups of: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. This research, which is the result of a working group, was approved by the code of ethics No. IR.IAU.M.REC.1399.008 in the Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch. Humidity of 55 5 5% and light cycle were maintained at 12:12 with proper ventilation. Animal feed and water were freely available until the end of the protocol. B16F10 cells were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. These cells were selected because the cell type was the same as the studied mouse species. The cells were cultured in M199 medium and when the cell density reached 80%, they were prepared for injection into mice.Exercise training was performed on a treadmill for six weeks and 5 sessions per week. Mice were trained for 10 to 15 minutes at a speed of 10 meters per minute for 5 days in order to get acquainted with the treadmill for a week. From the second week, the overload phase was performed for three weeks until the end of the fourth week. In the next steps and every day of training, 3 minutes of activity time and one meter per minute were added to the treadmill speed. At the end of the fourth week, the speed of the treadmill reached 28 meters per minute for 60 minutes of activity.One week after induction of melanoma cancer and through implantation of the tumor under the skin. To prepare the extract of nettle, some stems and leaves of nettle were collected and washed in small pieces, then dried in the open air and powdered. Then aqueous extract of nettle was prepared. the experimental group consumed 30 mg / kg / day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last session of endurance activity. RT PCR was used to measure the expression of IL-8gene . Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of data distribution and Levin test was used to examine the homogeneity of variance. Also, to investigate the significant changes in each of the research variables, one-way analysis of variance was used between different groups and if a statistically significant difference was observed, Tukey post hoc test in ANOVA program was used to determine the location of intergroup differences.

The results of the present study showed that consumption of nettle extract and aerobic exercise significantly reduced the expression of interleukin 8 in the experimental groups compared with the control group (p = 0.125, p = 0.278, = 0.174, respectively. p). IL-8 gene expression decreased in experimental groups compared to control group; But it did not reach a significant level. These results showed that physical exercise reduced the expression of IL8 gene and also these values were reduced in the extract group and the extract and exercise (combined) group, but the relevant values were not significant.The results also showed that tumor volume was significantly reduced among the experimental groups compared to the control group (p = 0.021, p = 0.136, p = 0.047, respectively). The results also showed that tumor volume in the experimental groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The results of this study showed that exercise and exercise and extract (combined) could cause a significant reduction in tumor volume, but the reduction in the extract group was not significant compared to the control group.

The data of the present study show that endurance training combined with nettle extract has an effective role in reducing the expression of cytokine interleukin 8 in mice with melanoma and since the reduction of this cytokine is associated with a decrease in tumor volume. Overall, it can be concluded that endurance training can modulate the levels of angiogenic cytokines within the tumor and also regulate inflammatory cytokines. Also in tumor tissue, cytokines are produced by tumor cells. In mice, treatment with nettle extract is likely to be enhanced due to increased antioxidant mechanisms. The activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and glutathione content (GSH) were also increased. One of the prominent symptoms of cancer is resistance to apoptosis, which indicates that the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an important anti-cancer mechanism. In addition, patoltin inhibits proliferation by an apoptotic activity in several tumor cell lines. Its role in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cell lines occurs by activating apoptotic pathways. Nettle extract contains other compounds such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and homovanilic acid, all of which are associated with anti-cancer properties. These activities may also be attributed to the flavonoid content of nettle. According to the results of this study and some similar studies, it can be concluded that physical activity and consumption of nettle extract can play an effective role in controlling the progression of melanoma cancer, reducing tumor volume, prevention and even treatment of melanoma cancer.

Glioblastoma multiform is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Recent studies have shown that micronutrients, such as selenium, have the potential to have positive effects in the treatment of glioblastoma and can be a promising candidate combined with surgical and radiochemical therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of selenium on brain tumor damages.

Rats were randomly divided into three main groups: control and selenium-received groups at doses of 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg. A 1 × 106 rat Glioma C6 cells were transplanted in the right caudate nucleus of the rat brain. Five days after surgery, the treatment groups received selenium intraperitoneally for five days. Motor activity, animal weight, tumor volume, survival rate, and histopathological changes were assessed.

Selenium 0.5 mg/kg reduced tumor volume, improved locomotor activity, and attenuated weight loss of the animals. Also, histological analysis showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and invasion of tumor cells to the surrounding tissues of tumor in rats treated by selenium 0.5 mg/kg.

According to the present results, it can be stated that selenium has sufficient potential to inhibit brain tumor damages.

Irisin is one of the skeletal muscle secreted myokine that can affect the growth of cancer cells and influence the muscular tissue changes. In the present study, the effect of four weeks continuous and interval exercise training on serum and muscular levels of irisin in breast cancer bearing mice were investigated.

The 32 female Balb/c mice assigned in four group with eight mice including: healthy control, tumor control, interval training+tumor and continuous training+tumor groups. In order to induce breast cancer, MC4-L2 cell line were used. Interval and continuous exercise training program conducted in four weeks and five sessions per week. The 48 hours after last exercise training session, blood samples and gastrocnemius muscle tissue were isolated and used for measurement of irisin levels by ELISA method. Data analyze performed by one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey post-hock test and significant considered at p≤0.05.

Significant increase of irisin serum levels in continuous (p=0.002) and interval (p=0.011) training group compared to tumor control group was observed. Tumor volume significantly decreased in continuous and interval training group (p>0.05), but not significant changes in gastrocnemius muscle weight observed after continuous and interval training (p>0.05).

According to present study findings, the observed antitumor effects of continuous and interval training can partly attribute to increase in irisin levels and there is no significant difference between continuous and interval exercise training

Deaths from cancer metastases are rising, and the process involved in metastasis is the transmission of epithelial to mesenchymal mood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of interval training on the expression of mesenchyme biomarkers, cachexia, and tumor volume in mice with breast cancer.

Thirty-two female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: Exercise-Tumor-Exercise, Rest-Tumor-Rest, Rest-Tumor-Exercise, and Exercise-Tumor-Rest. Interval training was performed six weeks before and four weeks after the tumorigenesis. All mice were cancerous by subcutaneous injection of the 4T-1 cell line. Real-time PCR method was used to evaluate the expression of TGF-β. Also, weight test and the Inverted Screen Test were carried out to estimate muscle functions in mice. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and HSD-Post Hoc test with P≥ 0.05.

The results showed a significant decrease in gene expressions of TGF-β in Exercise-Tumor-Exercise group in comparison with the Rest-Tumor-Rest group (P=0/005). Remarkable reduction of tumor volume was also observed in two training groups (Rest-Tumor-Exercise, Exercise-Tumor-Exercise) compared to the control group (Rest-Tumor-Rest) (p=0/0001). According to function tests' results, muscle functions were diminished due to cancer (p=0/003). But it should be indicated that interval training can keep muscles in a normally-functioned state in cancer (P=0/045).

Considering final results, a period of interval training can be used not only as a prevention method, but also to help cancer treatment and impede cachexia by tumor volume reduction, decrease mesenchymal biomarker gene expressions, and increase muscle strength functions.

Many studies have shown that the exercise has preventive effects on breast cancer. The objective of this study was assessment the effects of prophylactic and adjuvant therapy of endurance training on tissue IL-6 levels in mice with breast cancer.
Material and Forty female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned to Exercise-Tumor-Exercise (ETE), Exercise-Tumor-Rest (ETR), Rest-Tumor-Exercise (RTE) and Rest-Tumor-Rest (RTR) groups. After adaptation in the environment, two groups of mice performed continuous endurance training (8 weeks; %55-85 VO2max), and cancer cells were injected to all of them. Then, one group of trained and one group of non-trained mice continued the endurance training (6 weeks; %55-70 VO2max). Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Finally, the mice were sacrificed, tumor sample was homogenized and levels of IL-6 were measured by ELISA method.
There was significant difference (P=0.0001) in the IL-6 level among the groups performed endurance exercise after malignancy (RTE and ETE) and groups not performed (ETR and RTR). These results had with tumor growth rate (P=0.0001).
Intratumoral inflammation reaction leads to the progression and metastasis of cancer cells and the decrease of tumor volume in exercise groups is related to the decrease of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6. Finally the endurance training can be effective as a non-pharmaceutical method in prophylaxis and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a genetic and chronic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence among Iranian women. Researchers have shown that regular exercise is presumed to have prophylactic effect and adjuvant therapy in inhibition of tumor growth. So the aim of this study was to assess the effect of endurance training on serum TNF-α in breast cancer bearing mice. Forty female Balb/C mice were used in this study. 20 mice performed continuous endurance exercises for 8 weeks، and then breast cancer cells were injected to all Balb/C mice. Following this، one group of each of the trained and non-trained mice performed endurance exercises 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Thus، this research contained 4 groups: Exercise-Tumor-Exercise (ETE)، Exercise-Tumor-Rest (ETR)، Rest-Tumor-Exercise (RTE) and Rest-Tumor-Rest (RTR) groups. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Consequently، the mice were sacrificed; blood samples were taken and serum cytokine level was measured and quantified using ELISA. There was a significant difference in the level of TNF-α in the groups performing endurance exercises after malignancy (RTE and ETE) and groups not performing such exercises (ETR and RTR) pointing out an association with tumor growth rate. In the meantime، there was a strong correlation between levels of TNF-α and tumor growth rate. Endurance training reduces level of serum TNF-α and tumor growth rate and decreases level of inflammation markers. Thus، regular exercises as adjuvant therapy have beneficial effects on estrogen related breast cancer treatment.

The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of endurance training on tissue IL-10 cytokine level in breast cancer bearing mice. The twenty female Balb/c mice (6-8 week-old, 14±2 gr weights) were divided to two control and exercise groups. After orientation in the environment, estrogen-receptor dependent breast cancer cells (MC4-L2) were injected to them and exercise group performed endurance exercise for 6 weeks. After appearance of the tumor, the length and width of the tumor were measured by a digital caliper once a week. Finally, the mice were sacrificed; tumor tissue was removed and immediately frozen and kept in -70°C. Tumor sample was homogenized and levels of IL-10 were measured and quantified using ELISA method. There was significant increase on level of IL-10 in exercise group than control group (P≤0.05). Tumor volume reduced in exercise group than control group. The results showed that the amount of IL-10 significantly increased in the exercise group compared to control group Also reduction in tumor volume observed in the exercise group compared to control group. Increased levels of IL-10 was in parallel to reduction in tumor volume, which shows that exercise lead to reduction tumor growth through increased levels of this cytokine. Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for continued growth and spread of tumors, therefore, increased levels of IL-10 that is an angiogenesis cytokine in the exercise group compared to the control group shows exercise can inhibit from tumor growth by modulating cytokine profile within the tumor microenvironment.

Exercise training, an adjuvant therapy has a prophylactic effect on improvement of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of endurance training on serum IL-8 concentration and tumor volume in breast cancer bearing mice. Forty female BALB/c mice (4 to 5 week years old, average 17 g weight) were randomly assigned into four groups: 1) exercise-tumor-exercise (ETE), 2) exercise-tumor-rest (ETR), 3) rest-tumor-exercise (RTE) and 4) rest-tumor-rest (RTR). For tumorigenesis, MC4-L2 cell lines were used. Endurance training was performed for 8 weeks before inducing tumor in which training was initiated with 50% VO2max and reached 75% VO2max in the 8th week. Endurance training was performed with the intensity of 50 to 65% VO2max for 6 weeks after tumor induction. After training, serum IL-8 concentration was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. There were significant differences in serum IL-8 concentration and tumor volume among the groups (P=0.0001). Significant differences were between training groups after tumor induction with other groups. In addition, significant correlations were observed between serum IL-8 concentration and tumor volume among the groups (P>0.05). Endurance training with moderate intensity reduces tumor volume. IL-8 is involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth and the decreased level of IL-8 is one reason for the reduced tumor volume. Due to reduction of the level of this cytokine in groups doing exercise after malignancy, endurance training in addition to a prophylactic role is presumed to have adjuvant therapeutic effects on estrogen-receptor dependent tumors.

Exercise has effects on changing cancer factors, yet the effect of exercise on the levels of cancer factors in inflicted animals or humans has not been seriously paid attention to. Thus the aim of this study is to study the effect of aerobic continuous training on tumor volume on mice with carcinoma. In this study, 30 female balb/c mice were selected and after transplanting adenocarcinoma tumor in peritoneal area, the mice were randomly divided into a tumor-control and interval training-tumor groups. Interval training protocol was done for 7 weeks at 20% vo2max in the first week and 75% vo2max in the last week. Speleenectomy where doneafter interval training protocol, and Eliza method used to measure Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon γ (IFNγ). The results of this study showed a decrease in the amount of Hsp70 in interval training group but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The results also showed a decrease in the levels of IL4 in the interval training-tumor group but there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The levels of IFN in interval training-tumor group were higher than those of the control group but this difference was not significant either (P>0.05). However, tumor mass in interval training-tumor group significantly decreased (P=0.001). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that doing interval training through changing the amount of effective factors on cancer can lead to a decrease in volume mass.

Glomus jugulare tumors are encapsulated, slowly growing, highly vascular and locally invasive tumors. These tumors arise from para-ganglionic cells and they are histologically benign. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) on the local tumor control. This study is an observational cross-sectional research in which thirty-four patients with histologically confirmed Glomus jugulare tumor underwent GKRS either as primary or an adjuvant therapeutic option. In 83% of patients, GKRS was the only treatment and the rest of the cases had previously undergone microsurgery. The tumor volume ranged from 1.7 to 2.3 cm3, and the Gamma Knife Radiosurgery was performed through 13 to 23 Grays and marginal dose of radiation with irradiation coverage of 35 to 70%. The median follow-up period after surgery was 24 months. The results were analyzed with SPSS V.11.5 and variants have been described as percentage or mean, median and standard deviation. In the all patients the tumor size decreased or remained unchanged. No patient had a tumor growth after the prescribed treatment dose and the major reported complication was the peri-tumoral brain edema. The findings of this study showed that GKRS is an important option for Glomus jugulare tumors either as primary or adjuvant treatment. However, longer follow-up period is necessary to further clarify the long-term outcomes.=