جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رانندگان » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nowadays, accidents are one of the significant public health problems in the world, especially in Iran. The purpose of this study was to perform an exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire on socio-economic factors affecting the accidents of injured drivers in West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

In this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, 310 drivers who had a traffic accident and were hospitalized in 2020 were recruited. This research consisted of six stages (identification of variables, determining the explanatory indicators, controlling the data fitness, determination of the method and number of factors to be extracted, selection of the method for factor generation, interpretation and naming of factors) and provides recommendations to achieve desired results. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.25 software.

According to the KMO and Bartlett tests, respectively, the correlation and the adequacy of the sample size showed that the indicators could be a factor. By using the method of maximum likelihood analysis and factor rotation method, two factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted, and the Scree plot confirmed those two factors. These two factors explained a total of 64.24 of the variance of all variables. Varimax factor rotation was also used to identify items. These factors were direct and indirect factors that affected the occurrence of accidents. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.84) showed the reliability of the above results.

The results showed the validity of the constructs of this questionnaire, and this tool be used in research related to traffic, job promotion, income increase, car safety, education, and public health.

Considering the high number of traffic accidents in Iran, it seems necessary to investigate the factors related to the severity of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between compliance with safety precautions and the severity of injuries caused by traffic accidents in Urmia, Iran.

This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted retrospectively on available data of the trauma registration system from 2017 to 2022. The research population included 428 drivers who were admitted to a teaching hospital for trauma caused by the traffic accident in Urmia, Iran. Chi-square and Fisher's statistics were used to investigate the relationship between demographic variables, damaged area, behavioral factors, use of safety equipment (air bag and seat belt) and severity of injury.

From 428 drivers injured in traffic accidents, the most injuries were in the head and neck areas. Non-use of seat belts and absence of airbags were reported in 277 and 340 cases of accidents, respectively. 287 people had a history of alcohol consumption, 284 people had a history substance abuse, and 346 people had a history of drug use. A significant relationship was observed between age, gender, injured area, use of seat belts, having airbags, alcohol and drug consumption with injury severity (P<0.05). While the relationship between substance abuse and injury severity was not significant (P=0.517).

The results showed that age, gender, lack of seat belt use, lack of airbags, drug use, alcohol, and the injured area were the most factors related to the occurrence of higher severity injuries.

The risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to various work factors such as ergonomic factors in truck drivers is considerable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ergonomic risk factors on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in truck drivers.

This cross-sectional was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 200 professional truck drivers by two-stage cluster sampling. The ergonomics and safety of drivers’ questionnaire including demographic characteristics, working conditions (stress and job satisfaction), pain in nine areas of the body in the last 12 months based on body map were used. The central indicators and Spearman non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

The mean (±standard deviation) age of drivers was 47.5±9years, who drove an average of 10.66 hours in 24 hours. 99.5% of drivers complained of low back pain, of which 40% were mild and 59.5% were severe. Also, 59.5% reported severe pain in the knee area. The relationship between pain in the elbow and foot with moving and carrying of loads as well as neck and wrist pain with hand and arm movements was significant (p<0005). No significant relationship was found between pain in nine areas of the body and job satisfaction.

Ergonomic risk factors play an important role in the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in drivers, which requires special training and attention to this occupational group along with preventive and therapeutic measures.

Between expert and novice drivers there are differences in terms of different driving skills. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing manual dexterity, visual tracking and focused attention between expert and novice drivers.

This study was a cross-sectional from type of comparative causal. The research population was expert drivers of the members of national team of the Islamic Republic of Iran Motorcycling and Automobile Racing Federation and novice drivers, which numbers of 30 of them (15 people in each group) were selected as a sample by voluntary sampling method. The tool of the present research was the standard test system of Vienna and the data obtained from it were analyzed with the parametric test of analysis of variance and the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS model 22 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the expert and novice drivers in terms of focused attention of correct and incorrect functions (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between them in terms of manual dexterity and visual tracking (P>0.05).

The results indicated a significant difference between expert and novice drivers in terms of focused attention and no significant difference in terms of manual dexterity and visual tracking. Therefore, focused attention training can help to better drive.

The severity of accidents and mortality rate varies between countries with different socio-economic statuses. This study aimed to model the socio-economic factors affecting the severity of injuries in traffic accidents of drivers referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia using logistic regression.

This cross-sectional-analytical study included 250 drivers who had a traffic accident in 2020 and were referred to Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Urmia, Iran. For evaluating the relationship between socio-economic factors and the severity of injuries, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) scale was used to determine the severity of the injury, and logistic regression was used to model and study the relationship. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16), and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed a significant relationship between the high severity of the injury with, marital status (OR=0.43, P=0.029), level of education (OR=4.45, P=0.005), monthly household income (OR=5.40, P=0.037), car monetary value (OR=3.22, P=0.011), and the share of health care costs (OR=0.31, P=0.004). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between job and the high injury severity.

The results showed a significant relationship between most of the socio-economic factors and the severity of the injury. It seems that paying attention to welfare and public health strategies, material and spiritual support for the recovery of patients, increasing the purchasing power of families, improving cultural views, specialized training, and upgrading the automotive industry may reduce accidents and the severity of injuries.

Driving and providing services to passengers is not a new topic, but providing these services by online operators is relatively new. The analysis of traffic accidents has shown that the development of technical methods and driving equipment has not effectively reduced injuries and accidents. Human factors, including drivers’ mental health still play a significant role. Therefore, behavioral and psychological evaluation of human resources of any group, especially those directly related to the client, is essential. Considering that the relationship between mental health and driving behaviors is significant and requires comprehensive psychological studies, many researchers in developed countries have studied driving behavior. Still, little research has been done on behavior in developing countries such as Iran and there is a research gap in this field. So, the present study was conducted to design and develop a mental health questionnaire for drivers working for online taxi operators.

The present study was has an instrumentation design with standardization. The research was conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section was dedicated to preparing and compiling the research questionnaire. We studied all books, articles, and dissertations related to mental health, especially drivers’ mental health. In the second step, the relevant data were extracted by thematic analysis techniques and driver –related mental health components. This process was continued until data saturation. The validity and reliability of the “Online Taxi Driver Mental Health Questionnaire” were examined in the quantitative section. The statistical population consisted of taxi drivers working for online operators in Tehran City, Iran. To determine the content validity, the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were employed. To evaluate the construct validity and determine the factor structure of the study tool, exploratory factor analysis was performed. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated to determine the internal consistency on 311 completed questionnaires. To evaluate the reliability via the test –retest method, 50 drivers who had responded to the questionnaire in the previous stage were asked to complete the questionnaire again after two weeks. The retest coefficient was calculated using the obtained data. The significance level in the tests was considered 0.05.

Results based on CVR showed that questions 5, 6, 8, 21, 28, 33, 43, and 49 were unnecessary. The CVR for 46 items of the questionnaire ranged from 0.60 to 1%. CVI was estimated to be 0.70. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Considering that the KMO value was 0.918 and the significance level of the Bartlett test was 0.001, it was permissible to continue and use other stages of factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire includes seven factors and the total cumulative variance of the factors was 58.75%. According to the factor load of questions, there were six questions for the stress tolerance factor, six questions for the impulse control factor, five questions for the emotional stability factor, five questions for the effective communication factor, seven questions for the flexibility factor, six questions for the conscientiousness factor, and six questions for the anger management factor. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for questions ranged from 0.71 to 0.88; it ranged from 0.83 to 0.90 for subscales, and 0.85 for the whole scale. The coefficient of test interval for subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.84, and the coefficient of test interval of the whole scale was 0.66.

The results showed that the “Online Taxi Driver Mental Health Questionnaire” has acceptable validity and reliability. Accordingly, this questionnaire can assess the mental health of drivers working in online taxi companies.

Exposure to vibration is one of the occupational agents that causes a variety of health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between exposure to human vibration and the physical performance of mining drivers.

In the present study, 65 drivers working in one of the Iron Ore mines, were asked to complete the standard questionnaire for assessing the level of disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH). Exposure to human vibration was measured using Svantek 106 vibrometer. Drivers' physical performance was assessed based on grip strength, Pegboard dexterity, and monofilament finger sensory tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.

The average vibration acceleration whole body (WBV) and hand-arm (HAV) were 1.00±0.23 and 2.46±0.68 m/s2 respectively. There was a significant relationship between exposure to HAV and grip strength and hand dexterity (p <0.05). According to the DASH score, 56.9% of drivers had mild and 43.1% had moderate upper limb disability. The results of the multiple regression model with a coefficient of determination of 0.207 showed that the WBV in the presence of other predictor variables had a significant effect on DASH score (p<0.05).

In mining truck drivers, WBV exposure was higher and HAV exposure was lower than the national exposure limits. The results confirmed that WBV caused by mining trucks is the most important risk factor affecting the level of drivers' disability.

Traffic violations and accidents are serious problems of social and public management in most societies. While much research has been done on the etiology and human factors associated with traffic violations and accidents, the role of psychological factors, especially personality and cognitive variables, less attention has been paid. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and driving risk perception in two groups of offending and non- offending drivers.

In this cross-sectional study, 80 drivers (42 individuals in the offending group and 38 individuals in the non-offending group) from Iran, bojnord, in 2020 were selected by purposeful and available sampling. Data was collected using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaires -Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) and the Driving Hazard Perception Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

There were statistically significant difference in sensitivity to punishment between the two groups of offending and non-offending drivers, and the offending group had less sensitivity to punishment than the non-offending group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sensitivity to reward (p>0.05). also, results showed that there were significant difference between the two groups in driving risk perception; driving risk perception in offending drivers was less than non- offending drivers (p<0.05).

Lower sensitivity to punishment and driving risk perception is associated with more driving violations. Accordingly, Strategies generating campaigns that focus on negative sanctions that could activate the BIS may be particularly effective in reducing illegal and risky driving behaviors. Also, the driving risk perception can be considered an essential factor in screening drivers for a driver's license.

Violence and aggressive behaviors are major risk factors for traffic accidents. The driverschr('39') attitudes and behaviors can also be influenced by personality traits. The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between violent behaviors in driving and personality traits.

In this study, a 20-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data related to violence and the revised 60-item Neo Personality Inventory was used to collect data about personality traits including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Psychometric evaluation was performed for data collection tools from September to January 2018. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical analysis including Mann-Whitney and Kruskal were used to analyze the data.

In this study, 87.3% of the participants were male and 12.7% were female. The mean age of the participants was 42 years. The dominant personality trait was conscientiousness among the drivers (30.2%). The results showed a significant correlation between the degree of violence and neuroticism (P= 0.02). Based on regression analysis, 19% of violence could be explained based on the personality trait.

Neuroticism can potentially indicate driving behavior and the degree of violence. Therefore, it is essential to predict the drivers’ behaviors to improve road safety. It can provide useful information regarding road safety interventions for road users to target drivers who are more exposed to undesirable driving behaviors.

Human errors, which can be caused by factors such as mental and personality conditions, are the most important factors causing irreparable loss of life and property in traffic accidents. Depression is one of the most common and complex medical and social issues, and if left untreated, it can affect a person's abilities. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the prevalence of background depression and related factors in drivers of passenger cars with an accident, Trauma Center.

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study of 195 drivers with a car accident in the first half of 2018 at Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Demographic information was collected by a questionnaire and depression was collected by a Beck questionnaire. The questionnaire took an average of 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire was conducted by a physician who was familiar with the interview. The presence and severity of depression were measured based on this questionnaire and based on the score obtained from the Beck test in the category of very mild or normal depression (grades 1 to 10), mild (11 to 16), borderline and need for counseling (17 to 20), moderate or they were depressed (21 to 30), severely depressed (31 to 40) and overly depressed (41 to 63). Version 3.6.1 R software was used to analyze the data. Based on the type of data collected, statistical tests were used for student analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirinov, Spearman, Mann Whitney, Croscale Wallis, Fisher's meta-analysis or accurate test for analysis.

The results indicated that the average age of drivers was 37.6 years. 55.36% of the study population were married, 46.67% had a university degree, 89.33% of the study population had a normal and low level of economic satisfaction and more than 60% of them did not have job satisfaction. The average depression score was based on the Beck 16 questionnaire, and only 28% of drivers were depressed and healthy, and about 14.36 percent had an alcohol consumption culture.

The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of depression in drivers in Yasuj was high, out of 9 factors studied, only four factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status and job satisfaction showed a significant correlation between depression and depression. Contrary to popular belief and culture that alcohol is not consumed, consumption among drivers with accidents was widespread.

Annually, many people die or suffer from irreparable injuries in road accidents worldwide. One of the causes of accidents is drivers, cognitive factors and the vehicle color is one of the factors that affect the cognitive performance of the drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between vehicle color and type of accidents leading to death and injury.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 300 randomly selected cases of accidents in Kerman. Information including the manner of accident, name and color of vehicle, location, cause, time, area of protection, weekday, season and type of accident were collected from traffic police and traffic department statistics and analyzed by using SPSS software.

The results of the study showed that most of the accidents occurred during daylight hours. Motorcycle, black and white vehicles had the highest and yellow and beige vehicles had the least frequency. There was no significant difference between vehicle color (dark and light) and other variables with the type of accidents leading to the driver's death and injury.

According to the results of this study, no significant relationship was observed between vehicle color (dark and light) and the type of accidents leading to death and injury on. One of the reasons seems to be the difference between the methods of statistical analysis. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the type of accidents and vehicle color.

Road traffic accidents are a major cause of disability and mortality around the world and the most common cause of these accidents is often attributed to human errors. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence in controlling individual behaviors, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and risky driving behaviors and violation consequences in traffic offenders in Tehran in 2018.

This descriptive study was conducted on 182 traffic offenders who were selected by convenience sampling method in Tehran in 2018. Demographic data form, Manchester Driving Behavior and Siberia Shering's Emotional Intelligence questionnaires were used for gathering information and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Structural Equations Modeling.

The Mean±SD score of emotional intelligence and risky driving behaviors were 1.85±0.33 and 2.09±0.59, respectively. Although the mean score of emotional intelligence was higher in men than women, this difference was not significant (p=0.065). The results of Structural Equation Modeling showed that with increasing emotional intelligence, risky driving behaviors with a coefficient of -0.36 and the violation consequences by a coefficient of -0.27 significantly decreased (p<0.05).

Due to the low level of emotional intelligence of offending drivers and considering the importance of emotional intelligence in reducing risky driving behaviors, it is suggested that the emotional intelligence be considered before applicants getting a driver's license. Also, casualties and traffic accidents can be reduced by training emotional intelligence skills to offending drivers.

Drivers are more exposed to unhealthy lifestyle due to their working conditions. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the relation between lifestyle and high-risk behaviors in drivers visiting the Cargo Terminal of Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 in the Cargo Terminal of Yazd. Convenience sampling was performed. Data were collected using two questionnaires, a lifestyle and a researcher-made high-risk behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Logistic Regression using SPSS version 22.

The results indicated that 59.3% were smokers, 44.9% hookah users, 24% drug users, and 65.3% had relation with someone other than. There was a significant correlation between lifestyle and smoking and also drug use. Income and the number of days away from family showed a significant relation with all the high-risk behaviors. Marital status had a significant relation with hookah use and the relation with their wife. Also, education had a significant relation with hookah use and drug use.

Conducting intervention programs to prevent the use of various tobacco products and also the use of appropriate preventive measures to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can play an important role in improving lifestyle and reducing high-risk behaviors in drivers.

Investigations show that human error is one of the main reasons for driving accidents. Drivers' performance is shaped by various factors such as age, gender, driving environment; which one of the most important factors is the workload. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental workload, situational awareness, and drivers' work experience.

Twenty-six taxi drivers with different work experience, dividing into two groups, participated in this study. Driving activity load index (DALI) was used for assessment of drivers’ workload and participants’ situation awareness was measured by situation awareness global technique (SAGAT).

The results show that driving in a long time will increase the mental workload in all dimensions of the driving activity load index (p <0.05), among which, the highest correlation is related to visual demand (r = -0.397, p = 0.045). There was a significant relationship between increasing workload and drivers’ work experience (p = 0.01). The results also showed that, as drivers’ mental workload increases, their global situation awareness decreases (p <0.001).

The results of this study indicate that increasing driver’s work experience, results in decreased mental workload, and global attention and situational stress are factors with the most different amounts among people with different work experience. Also, increasing workload, lead to decreasing perception level in situation awareness; drivers with more work experience have less decreased amount in perception level. Decreasing perception level in drivers leads to decreasing global situational awareness.
Key words: Driver's mental workload, Situation awareness, Work experience

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are any disorders or injuries to the musculoskeletal system due to working procedure or conditions. WMSDs is one of the main causes of occupational injuries and disability in advanced and developing countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in drivers in order to achieve complete results with high statistical power, using meta-analysis method.

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. In this study, the articles extracted from national and international databases, including Scientific Information Database (SID), Science Direct, PubMed (using the word MESH), Pre Quest, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medix, SID, and MedLib. The main keywords for the search were Prevalence, Musculoskeletal and Drivers. The time for selecting articles was from 2000 to 2017. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis (random effect model). I2 and Q indexes were used to calculate heterogeneity. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software.

In this study, 22 articles were entered into the meta-analysis process. The sample size was 7706 people with mean of 350 people in each study. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different organs of drivers was as follows: 26.19% (CI: 38-14.30), 18.07% (CI: 25.99-10.16), and 5.75% (CI: 8.273.22) in neck, shoulder, wrist / hand, and elbow respectively. The highest prevalence was related to low back pain 41.63% (confindence Interval (CI): 33.09-50.17), and the lowest prevalence was related to elbow disorder 7.45% with (CI: 95.46-9.43). The significance level was set at 0.05.

The results of this study show that the prevalence of pains in the back, neck, and shoulder are high among drivers. Also, due to the high prevalence of predicting the incidence of impaired driving. in order to control and reduce these disorders, appropriate design of seats and equipment of vehicles, conducting periodic examinations of drivers,performing proper exercise, and considering adequate rest time in working hours are recommended. Ergonomics and occupational health education programs are also recommended to reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders associated with driving.

The detection of effective factors of accidents is a major step in enhancing the level of road safety and decreasing the casualties, particularly in developing countries. The subject has been noticed from the view of the police or road authorities in previous studies, but mental patterns have not been considered in regard to the cause of accidents; however, the detection of these patterns can provide useful information for the identification of cause of road crashes. This study mainly aims to recognize the mental patterns of drivers about the causes of accidents.Method and Materials: The factor analysis is applied to detect mental patterns of drivers in this study. The Q methodology is a technique which enables the researcher, firstly, to detect and classify perceptions and attitudes and, secondly, to categorize people based on their perceptions. According to previous studies and research discourse space, 30 factors and propositions are extracted for accidents on inter-city roads and these factors are scored by 30 professional drivers in accordance with the Q methodology. A variety of mental patterns of drivers are identified about the cause of road crashes based on the scoring, prioritization and variance ratio criterion (VRC). In this study, the research objective is explained to the drivers and their satisfaction is taken. The authors are also committed to treat the personal information as confidential.

Given the factor analysis, 7 mental patterns are detected for drivers in regard to the cause of road crashes, which include 80% of the total variance. Useful information is collected in this regard through the investigation of these patterns. Overtaking, deviation to the left and talking on cellphone are detected as the main causes of accidents, while the drivers unexpectedly ignore the uncontrolled passage of pedestrians across inter-city roads.

The drivers’ image of effective factors of car crashes is not the same as the results of safety monitoring. The detection of these patterns helps the experts to modify their opinions and it is possible to correct misguided mental patterns of drivers about the cause of accidents by encouraging the educational processes.

Noise-induced hearing loss is a common causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Drivers of heavy vehicles such as bus and truck are more exposed to the noise associated with traffic and automobiles than other members of the community, which can damage their auditory system. The present study was conducted to investigate the hearing status of heavy vehicle drivers and its relationship with factors such as age under 40 years, work experience and mean daily working hours. The present study examined the level of sensorineural hearing loss in 132 drivers, i.e. 264 ears. The drivers’ details, including age, work experience and mean daily working hours, were first recorded. Every candidate then underwent otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz performed by an audiologist in a sound treated room. The blood pressure of these drivers was also recorded using normal techniques of blood pressure measurement. The drivers with other sensorineural hearing loss factors, including presbycusis at ages over 40 and ototoxicity, were excluded from the study. The drivers’ mean age was found to be 34.0±5.097 years, their mean work experience 11.19±5.158 years and their daily working hours 5-16 hours with a mean of 9.2±56.275 hours. The highest frequency of hearing loss was observed at a frequency of 4000 Hz in about 23% of the drivers, followed the prevalence observed at 8000 Hz. No significant differences were found between hearing thresholds of intra-city and intercity drivers. Moreover, significant relationships were observed between the level of hearing loss and factors such as age, work experience and the mean daily working hours. Hearing loss was observed in about one quarter of the drivers, suggesting a high frequency of noise-induced hearing loss in drivers despite the elimination of other factors contributing to sensorineural hearing loss.

Nowadays, the importance of workload has become more apparent in ergonomic studies. Because workload is part of unsafe situation, it can be the cause of the incident. Therefore, its quantification is important in different occupations. This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the DALI questionnaire for assessing the mental load of drivers. The present study is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study. All bus drivers operating in one of the manufacturing companies (100 people) entered the study. In order to evaluate the validity, academic experts and queue experts (Lay Experts) were used. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, 10 people were selected and the Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation test were used to test the reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 software. The mean (SD) age of participants was 50.8 (8.29) years and the mean (SD) of work experience among drivers was 22.18 (6.22) years. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the effective factors in the questionnaire higher than 0.7. Also, intra-cluster correlation coefficient of the questionnaire was higher than 0.7 in all factors affecting the interference factor, which was moderate, which is in the optimum level. Due to the fact that the validity and reliability indices of the questionnaire were all reported to be desirable, the Dali questionnaire (DALI) as a valid and reliable questionnaire in Iran can be used to examine and measure the mental load of drivers.