جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "رفتارهای پیشگیری کننده" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Malaria is one of the most dangerous parasitic diseases with high mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Since this disease is one of the public health issues in Hormozgan Province of Iran, and is highly affected by foreign immigrants (Pakistani and Afghans), this study aims to find the factors predicting the preventive behaviors against malaria in Afghan immigrants in Parsian City, Hormozgan Province, south of Iran, based on the health belief model (HBM).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 Afghan immigrants over 15 years of age referred to four comprehensive health service centers in Parsian City. Sampling was done by random method from the list of files available in the national integrated health system (SIB). The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the HBM. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation test, and linear regression analysis in SPSS software, version 25. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean age of participants was 29.26±8.17 years. The results of Spearman correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between malaria prevention behaviors and all HBM constructs. The constructs of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived severity were the significant predictors of malaria prevention behaviors in immigrants (P<0.001).

It is recommended to improve the preventive behaviors against malaria in Afghan immigrants by improving their self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived severity by using appropriate interventions.

Leishmania is one of the indigenous diseases of Iran, which is endemic in 18 provinces of the country. It is necessary to carry out an educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of this disease in endemic areas. The present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. 

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial on 80 male students of the First secondary level school in Shahin shahr in 2022. The students were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data were collected based on a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests of repeated analysis of variance, independent t-test and post hoc Ben Feroni. Significance level was considered at 0.05.

Before the educational intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of demographic information and the scores of the constructs of the HBM (p>0.05). Immediately and three months after the educational intervention, the mean scores of the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, behavior and perceived benefits increased significantly in the intervention group (p>0.05), but there were not a statistically significant difference in the constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action (p>0/05).

The results of the present study showed the effect of educational intervention based on the preventive behaviors of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. Of course, due to the lack of impact of the intervention on the perceived barriers, it is necessary to pay attention to non-educational interventions such as allocating subsidies for the purchase of protective equipment, especially in deprived areas, in addition to educational interventions.

Disasters can lead to large human casualties, destruction of property and economic and environmental resources. The purpose of the present study was to determine the status of risk perception and behaviors related to reducing the risk of natural disasters in the south of Kerman province.

This quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 households in Jiroft city. Sampling was done by combined method. A total of 528 households were included. The tools for collecting data were demographic information and a researcher-made questionnaire related to risk perception and preventive behaviors from the harmful effects of natural disasters. Data was analyzed using SPSS v21 software, and the necessary analyzes  (descriptive tests, chi-square and Pearson's correlation test) were performed at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed 51.7% lived in the city and 62.1% of residential buildings were of brick without markings. There is a significant difference between preventive behaviors and direct exposure to disasters (p<0.001), education (p=0.004), monthly income (p=0.004) and source of information (p=0.040). There was also a significant correlation between preventive behaviors and the number of vulnerable family members (p=0.001, r=0.160). Also, the status of understanding the risk of the harmful effects of natural disasters was in the medium range, and a positive and significant relationship was found between the understanding of the risk of natural disasters and preventive behaviors from the harmful effects of natural disasters (r=0.312, P=0.000).

According to the results of the study, it is suggested that health planners design and implement educational interventions based on the state of risk perception and the state of preventive behaviors against natural disasters to increase the preparedness of households against natural disasters.

Since the corona epidemic continues, preventive measures are very important in controlling this disease. In general, teachers play an important role in preventive behaviors, including behaviors to prevent corona, and they can do this as a role model; Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of factors related to preventive behaviors against Corona based on self-determination theory among the teachers of Quchan city.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 420 teachers of Qochan city who were selected based on cluster sampling. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used (CVR=0.73, CVI=0.86, and α=0.8) based on self-determination theory. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 software and using independent t-tests, linear regression test and Pearson's correlation coefficient and their non-parametric equivalents (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman).

The average score of self-determination theory constructs: communication, competence and independence of action showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between these constructs and corona prevention behaviors, so that in the relationship (p<0.05 and r =0.30), in competence (P<0.05 and r=0.62) and in independence of action (P<0.05 and r=0.67) a positive and significant correlation was observed, and the highest correlation was observed in independence of action.

Based on the results, increasing the independence of action, competence and communication improves preventive behaviors against Corona, according to which, self-determination theory can be used as a useful framework for preventive behaviors against Corona.

The most recent threat to the global community is the ongoing outbreak of the disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Taking personal protection measures (PPM) is crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the acceptance of PPM among patients before having COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in northwestern of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 560 eligible patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected from January 6 to May 21, 2021, through a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed with descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation), independent t-test, and multiple linear regression by SPSS. A significance level of 5% was selected.

The average age of the participants was 60.1 (16.01) years with an age range of 21 to 95 years. Most of the participants were male (53.9%) and married (91.8%). The mean score of PPM acceptance among patients was 16.55 (2.59) out of 20 points. Multiple linear regression analysis determined employment status (β=0.29, P<0.001), residency (β=-0.19, P<0.001), education level (β=0.11, P=0.048), smoking (β=-0.10, P=0.03) and income level (β=0.13, P=0.01), as predictors of acceptance of PPM. Other personal and occupational variables, including age, gender, marriage, living status, having children, and history of influenza vaccination, were not found to be effective in predicting the acceptance of personal protection measures among participating patients.

The acceptance of personal protection measures among patients was relatively high. Acceptance of the unemployed, rural residents, illiterate, smokers, and those with low-income level was low. This study emphasizes the need to pay attention to the changes in the individual, social and economic characteristics of the community and their effects on preventive health behaviors, especially in vulnerable groups.

Covid-19 preventive behaviors are essential, and designing messages that convey a sense of danger is essential to creating these behaviors. One of the most widely used models for designing danger messages is the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of preventive behaviors based on EPPM. 

In this cross-sectional study, 1455 participants over 18 years old living in Bushehr province in cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, Tangestan, and Assaluyeh were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected online using valid and reliable questionnaires including demographic questions, constructs of the EPPM about individuals' perception of Covid-19, and preventive behaviors (hand washing and masking). Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22. 

Out of 1455 participants, 877 (60.3%) had preventive behaviors. According to the results, the highest rate of hand disinfection by people after attending public places was 97.5% and the highest rate of wearing a mask was 98.7% in the presence of medical centers.  The constructs of perceived susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy were predictors of preventive behaviors, and self-efficacy was the strongest predictor. Among the participants in the study, 914 (62.8%) were in the fear control process of preventive behavior, in which the highest defense response, has been about avoidance.

In order to promote preventive behaviors, people's perceptions of the threat of disease should be increased in health messages, and people's understanding of self-efficacy should be improved by using various methods, including verbal persuasion, modeling, step-by-step goal setting, and so on.

health workers are at risk of contracting the disease of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the rate of infection and death from this disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the preventive behaviors of contracting COVID-19 and its related factors using the protection motivation theory (PMT) in the hospital employees of Hamadan province. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in March 2020 on 436 employees working in hospitals covered by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire containing contextual variables and protection motivation theory constructs that were designed and psychometrically analyzed in the study of Barati et al. Data were analyzed in Stata 14 statistical software and using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and linear regression. The behavior of using a mask (95.2%) was the most frequent and the continuous use of gloves and gowns (49.8%) was the least frequent among health workers. The status of protection motivation theory constructs was evaluated at a relatively favorable level. In total, the various constructs of protection motivation theory explain 42% of the variance of behavioral intention in the studied health workers. Among these, the perceived self-efficacy structure had a significant contribution in explaining the variance of the intention to perform preventive behavior by the subjects under study. Fear-inducing theories were identified as one of the effective factors in promoting preventive behaviors.

Nosocomial infection is a health problem in all countries. Considering the role of midwives in controlling nosocomial infection, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on model on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infection by Babol hospitals midwives was done.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with intervention and control group. The interventions were performed in three 40-minute sessions in the Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital in April and May 2017. The data collection tool was a structure Health Belief Model based(Awareness, structure Health Belief Model and behavior) on a questionnaire completed Its validity and reliability were assessed two months before and one month after Midwives who met the inclusion criteria education. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software v. 24 by Anova , T-test and ANCO one-way Covariance tests.

This research paper has been approved by the ethics committee IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1398.068 and informed consent will be taken from the participants in the study the information will remain confidential.

Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of, mean scores of different model structures. After intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of the effect of education on knowledge score (1.0±0.3), perceived sensitivity (2.8±1.5), perceived severity (3.6±1.7) Perceived barriers (-6.4±1.3), perceived benefits (5.1±4), self-efficacy (4.6 ± 2.6) and behavior( 3.1±1.1) was seen in the intervention group (P>0.05).

By increasing the scores obtained from the structures Especially self-efficacy and reduction of perceived barriers, designing and implementing an educational program based on model in midwives can increase their performance regarding the prevention of nosocomial infections.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran and every year a large number of children under10years of age are infected with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive behavior of leishmaniasis based on the PRECEDE model in families with children under 10 years.

The present study is a cross sectional study that was performed on240Families with children under 10 years old in the Sankhast ward of North Khorasan province. The data collection tool was a researcher questionnaire that included demographic questions and structures of the questionnaire model (knowledge, attitude, reinforcing factor, and enabling factor). Sampling was performed in several steps. Data was entered into SPSS16 software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regressions.

The highest mean a score was obtained by the reinforcing factor (24.3 ± 22.80) and the lowest mean a score was obtained in the performance section (48.46 ± 15.66). The results of the regression model showed that knowledge (0.28), attitude (0.16), and enabling factors (0.14) had the highest predictive power of mothers in controlling and preventing disease, respectively. Overall, the structures of the PRECEDE model predicted21%of the variance of the preventive behavior of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The PRECEDE model is a good theoretical framework for the prevention of leishmaniasis. Designing and implementing an educational program based on the PRECEDE model in the population at risk will be an effective step in controlling leishmaniasis. Because the prevalence of leishmaniasis is higher in rural areas, it is more important to consider the conditions of the rural people in order to implement the educational program

Adolescence is a critical step in implementing health interventions to create a healthy lifestyle, including prevention of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the adoption of osteoporosis preventive behaviors (OPB) among high school female students.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 372 female students from Qazvin high schools who were selected by multistage random sampling method in 2019. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and the osteoporosis preventive behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software by descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

The mean overall score of the adoption of OPB were 22.43±5.62 from 36 and it was low. Variables of maternal education level (p=0.042) and assessment of oneself health status (p=0.039) were effective factors in adoption of OPB, that way the chances of having a desirable level of adoption of OPB in students with mothers with university and diploma level were 2.20 and 1.50 times higher than those with mothers with sub-diploma, respectively. Also, the chances of having a desirable level of adoption of OPB in students with good, average and bad assessment of their health status were 0.67, 0.46 and, 0.33 times higher than students with very bad assessment of their health status, respectively.

Maternal education level and assessment of oneself health status are effective factors in adoption of osteoporosis preventive behaviors among female students.

One of the priorities of public health to reduce smoking is to prevent young people from smoking. Considering the role of the model of medical students in the society and due to the increasing smoking among them, the aim of this study was to assess the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors and its related factors among university students.

In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 355 dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, were selected by single-stage cluster sampling method and entered the study, in 2016. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic and background information and a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire for measuring the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA. All stages of the study were conducted according to moral standards.

The mean (standard deviation) score of smoking preventive behaviors adoption was 39.01(19.96) out of 100 demonstrating a weak level. The adoption of smoking preventive behavior were significantly related with gender, having smokers' friends, having a smoker in the family, father's education level and smoking variables (P<0.05).

Due to the low mean score of adoption of smoking preventive behaviors among university students, it is necessary to carry out necessary education regarding smoking prevention among them.

Health literacy can be one of the most important effective factors in the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis by raising awareness and understanding the benefits of diagnostic and preventive behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the health literacy skills effective in predicting adoption of osteoporosis preventive behaviors in high school female students.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 375 high school girls in Qazvin, Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using the standard Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents (HELMA) and the Preventive Behavior of Osteoporosis Measurement questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-23, the tests being descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

Two of the eight components of health literacy, namely, understanding and communication, and two, namely usage of health information and calculation, were found to receive the highest and the lowest mean scores, respectively. The total scores of health literacy and the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis were 70.84±12.58 (out 100) and 22.43±5.60 (out of 36), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the components of health literacy could predict 38.4% of the changes in the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis (R2 = 0.384). The only other predictor of adoption of behavior was the usage of health information (P=0.001، β=0.044). 

Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to pay special attention, when developing educational programs for the prevention of osteoporosis in adolescents, to health literacy as a whole, especially the usage of health information component.

Osteoporosis is a major health problem and is the most common metabolic disorder. This disease is a diffuse bone disease characterized by increased risk of fracture.. Also, with regard to the fact that nurses as hospital staff who have the greatest contact with patients can play an important role in identifying people at risk, counseling and learning about disease prevention and the shaping of appropriate behaviors in the length of rehabilitation and treatment of osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive behaviors of osteoporosis and its relationship with blood D3 levels in nurses working in University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft in 2016... This is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlation study. The sample consists of 51 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft (Imam Khomeini Hospital and Kashani Hospital). Sampling is non-randomized and data collection method is through a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and preventive behaviors for osteoporosis and taking blood samples to measure blood D3 levels. Data analysis is done using SPSS software version 19. The results showed that preventive behaviors were higher in 20-35 year olds. Osteoporosis with other demographic characteristics is not statistically significant with Mann-Whitney test. There was no significant correlation between prophylaxis of osteoporosis and blood D3 levels according to Pearson test. According to the results, the preventive behaviors of osteoporosis are moderate. There is no direct relationship between the two variables which indicates the necessity of development of preventive behaviors in nurses.

►Please cite this article as follows
 
Nouhi E, Esfandiary F, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Dehesh T. Evaluation of Dialysis Sufficiency in Hemodialysis Patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft, 2016. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 6 (1):122-31

Health literacy plays a remarkable role in determining the status of people who smoke. In recent years, the smoking rate has been increased among university students. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy skills and adoption of preventive smoking behaviors among university students. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 347 students living in dormitories affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, were selected through single-stage cluster sampling in 2016. The data were collected using the health literacy inventory for adults and a researcher-made questionnaire in order to assess the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version. 16) through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. Ethics code: IR.TMU.REC.1394.172   The mean scores of health literacy and the adoption of preventive smoking behaviors were 70.52±14.12 and 39.01±19.96, respectively, regarding the total score of 100. Moreover, there was a direct and significant relationship between health literacy (r=0.146) and dimensions of decision making and application of health information (r=0.161), reading (r=0.14), and appraisal (r=0.112) with the adoption of preventive smoking behaviors. However, this association was not statistically significant (P<0.05). The results show that special attention should be paid to health literacy and its influencing factors, especially in dormitories, in order to promote the adoption of preventive smoking behaviors among university students.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Ghanavat of Qom province. This study aimed to determine effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory on promoting preventive behaviors of CL disease.

This study was a semi-experimental intervention (quasi-experimental) that was performed on 292 patients referred to ghanavat health centers in Qom province during the years 2016-2017. Then, participants divided randomly in two groups with complete block randomization method. Six months after the training, post tests were completed by both interventional and control groups. The linear regression used to investigation the effect of several variables.

After the intervention, in treated group, the mean score of the structures of knowledge and situations perception, outcome expectations (p < 0.001), self-sufficiency (p < 0.003), self-control (p < 0.005) and performance (p < 0.05) of Social Cognitive Theory in term of promotion of preventive behaviors of CL, a significant relationship was observed. But, a significant relationship was not found between the structure outcome value and promotion of preventive behaviors of the disease (p < 0.103).

People were not well aware of ways to prevent disease. Therefore, in order to promote this structure, it is suggested that social cognitive theory can be used to reduce the barriers in the education program and promote the level of community awareness.

Professional nursing is a high risk of developing varicose leg. Threfore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on preventive behaviors of Varicose vein in nurses.
This is a quasi-experimental study that was carried out on 100 nurses were selected and divided randomly into two case and control groups. Participants in two stages (before and three months after treatment) were tested. Educational intervention through lectures, question and answer booklets were held. Data ghathering with questionnaire was a researcher made based on the health belief model and the data were analyzed with the use of statistical tests chi-suare, T-test, T-paredtest.
Funding showed that 3 months after intervention, construct of health belief model significant difference in the intervention group compared to the control group (p The based on results of this study showed that an educational program Health Belief Model and activity education on the adoption of preventive behaviors among nurses Varicose vein effective, so that it is suggested training programs based on behavioral theory of alternative training programs is routine. Moreover the prevention techniques in the form of academic courses, educational content such as posters and films, holding conferences for the prevention of varicose veins.

Health literacy (HL) is related with the adoption of preventive behaviors. Considering the increase smoking among students, this study aimed to determine the effective dimensions of HL in predicting the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors in students.
In the present cross-sectional and descriptive study, 280 dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected through single-stage cluster sampling method.A questionnaire of HL measurement (HL for Iranian Adults) and also a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire were exploited for measuring the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression analysis. All stages of the study were conducted ethically.
The mean (± standard deviation) score for adoption of smoking preventive behaviors were 39.36±19.16 out of 100. Understanding and access to health information dimensions received the highest scores, while decision making and application of health information as well as reading obtained the lowest scores. Multiple regression analysis reflected that the dimensions of understanding (β=0.216, P=0.017) and decision making and the application of health information (β=0.324, P=0.001) were predictors of adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. Overall, these variables could predict 23.1% of behavioral changes.
According to the results of the study, in designing educational interventions for the prevention of smoking, special attention should be paid to HL, especially the dimensions of reading, understanding and decision making as well as application of health information in the audience.

Smoking is one of the main causes of various diseases. Due to an increasing in smoking among university students, this study aimed to determine the predictors of adoption of smoking preventive behaviors in students using the health belief model was designed and implemented.
This was a cross-sectional study. 355 students living in dormitories Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, were selected to participate in the study using Single-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data, a designed questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM) was used. The data analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression tests.
Participants had been obtained 45.91% of the score for the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. Perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers higher score and perceived benefits and self-efficacy lowest score the points among independent variables in this study were assigned. Multiple regression analysis showed that perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy were predictors of adoption of smoking preventive behaviors. These variables, able to predict the 24.6% behavioral changes.
These results indicated in the design of educational interventions should be emphasized on perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy as the most important predictor of adopting preventive behaviors of smoking in university students.

After cardio-vascular diseases, cancers are the most important causes of mortality among the human society. Prostat cancer is one of the most common cancers and is also the second factor that causes mortality among male people after repiratory cancer. The aim of this study was to evalute the educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on prostat cancer preventive behaviors.
Methods and material: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 100 male teachers in Urmia, Iran. The samples were selected via multistage random sampling method. The study data was gatherd using a three-part instrument including demographic information, HBM constructs questionaire, and health performance questionaire. This questionnaire was completed by teachers before and 3 months after intervention. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, independent and paired t-test through SPSS 20.
The mean age among intervention and control groups were 46.2±3.63, 45.5±3.10, respectively. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of mean scores of the model constructs and health performance (p > 0.05). After intervention, mean scores of perceived suceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and health performance changed. These changes were statistically significant among intervention and control groups (p Educational intervention based on HBM was effective on prostate cancer preventive behaviors. Therefore it is recommended that health educators use model-based instructional plans instead of traditional educational programs.