جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زنیان » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Addiction and dependence on substances in modern societies is a common phenomenon and one of the main causes of people's disability and also reducing their quality of life. In the past years, researchers have proposed different treatment methods for the treatment of opioid use disorders, the most important of which are treatment with agonist drugs such as methadone, buprenorphine, and opium tincture (opium syrup). Stopping the use of these drugs is associated with symptoms called opioid withdrawal syndrome, which can include things like diarrhea, pain in the limbs, sweating, heart palpitations, anxiety, stress, runny nose, and restlessness. Research has shown that some medicinal plants can be somewhat effective in reducing the mentioned symptoms. Among these, the Ajwain plant has received much attention due to its frequent consumption in Iran and its significant effects in reducing the symptoms mentioned above in other diseases. Ajwain is a one-year plant whose most important compounds include thymol, carone, limonene, and dilapiol, and among these phenolic compounds are the main components of this plant, which are responsible for its bioactive properties. Therefore, we tried to introduce its effectiveness in this review study, emphasizing the capabilities of this plant in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome.

This study is a research of the narrative review type in which the information sources used were selected and included in the survey from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases - during the last 23 years. Keywords Ajwain, addiction, morphine, naloxone, methadone, and withdrawal syndrome were searched in the mentioned databases. Finally, the selected articles have been evaluated and the results have been summarized and reported in tabulated format.

The results of this study have shown that the use of herbal medicine can be effective in reducing dependence and also in reducing the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome. In addition, several studies have shown that plants that have a high percentage of thymol in their composition can significantly reduce the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome by affecting the serotonergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and adrenergic systems. The mechanism of the thymol effect in Ajwain can be attributed to sodium channel inhibition chloride channel stimulation and increased expression of GABA A receptors.

Since the opioid withdrawal syndrome is considered a determining factor for the continued use of opioids and relapse, it seems that less dangerous solutions should be sought to treat the complications caused by the opioid withdrawal syndrome. The results of the current review study have also shown the effective role of herbal medicine in controlling the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, due to the importance of the topic, its wide application, easy access in the geography of Iran, and the cost-effectiveness of this medicinal plant, it is suggested to conduct further studies in this field.

In this study, we examined the impact of a hydroethanolic extract derived from ajwain and carvone (a compound present in ajwain), on learning, spatial memory, and anxiety levels in adult male rats that were chronically immobilized.

There were 60 rats used in this study, divided into six groups of 10 rats each. To expose stress, 30 rats (in 3 groups including Stress, Stress-Carvone, and Stress-Ajwain groups) were placed in a restrainer for 6 hours every day for 21 consecutive days. Stress-Carvone and Stress-Ajwain groups received carvone (20 mg/kg) and ajwain extract (500 mg/kg) by gavage respectively. Thirty rats were also used in three groups (Control, Carvone, and Ajwain groups). Spatial learning and memory were studied using the Morris water maze, and anxiety was assessed by the elevated-plus maze.

Compared to the control group, chronic immobilization caused the rats to swim a longer time (P < 0.01) and distance (P < 0.05) to reach the hidden platform, and a shorter time and distance to swim in the target quarter (P < 0.05) in the Morris water maze. The percentage of entering the open arm in the elevated plus maze (P < 0.001) and the percentage of time staying in this arm (P < 0.01) were lower than the control group.  The carvone improved the performance of stressed animals in the Morris maze, but the ajwain extract had no effect on the memory deficit of stressed animals. Furthermore, treating ajwain extract and carvone increased the percentage of entry into the open arm and the percentage of time spent in the open arm in animals exposed to stress.

Ajwain extract and carvone reduce anxiety behavior in rats exposed to chronic immobility stress; carvone treatment prevents memory impairment in these animals. It is possible that the extract of ajwain (partially through carvone) is effective in reducing damage caused by stress in the nervous system.

 Increasing antibiotic resistance in most bacteria has led to the development of natural antimicrobial compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disinfection effect of Ajowan essential oil (EO) on the standard strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In this study, the essential oil was prepared by distillation of Ajowan. The components of the essential oil were separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the antibacterial effects of two combinations including Ajowan EO +dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glutaraldehyde 2% on standard strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated and determined using dilution broth and disk diffusion methods.

The results of the study showed that the most component of the essential oil consist of: Thymol (50%), P-cymene (23.6%), and Terpinen (20.3%). The mean values of MIC in the antibacterial substances (Ajowan EO+DMSO,   Glutaraldehyde 2%) were 83 and 125µg/mL respectively. The mean values of MBC for abovementioned substances were 125 and 166 µg/mL respectively. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone in the MIC concentration was 11and 12.66 mm respectively.

According to the obtained results, Essential oils Ajowan has similar effect of glutaraldehyde 2% on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It may be a possible substitute to glutaraldehyde in hospital disinfection purposes.

The brain is exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress that may be caused by a high cholesterol diet. Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress are the major risk factors for many diseases such as cognitive abnormalities and various central nervous system disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme modulation activities of hydro-alcoholic extract of Trachyspermum ammi in the brain homogenates of adult Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 28 male rats in the weight range of 190-220 g were divided into four different groups including control, Control plus Ajwain extract, HF, and Ajwain extract-treated high cholesterol-fed groups. Rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (high-fat group) or a normal diet (control group) for eight weeks. The extract was injected intraperitoneally into rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg weight for three weeks once a day. The activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities were measured by relevant kits in homogenous tissue of the rat brain. Finally, the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA statistical test.

Our study showed that the levels of BChE, Catalase, GSH significantly reduced in the high-fat group compared to the control group after eight weeks and the ROS levels significantly increased in the high-fat group compared to the control (p < 0.01). Levels of BChE, catalase and reduced glutathione were significantly increased compared to the high-fat group after treatment with Ajwain extract (p <0.01).

Antioxidants and anticholinesterase inhibitors may provide appropriate therapies that improve oxidative stress and reduced cognitive function associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Annually, a large part of the world population is infected with trichomoniasis. On the other hand, the common medicines used to treat this disease can have many side effects. The aim of the present study was to construct a liposomal system containing essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi and investigate its physicochemical properties to combat trichomoniasis infection.

Liposomal vesicles were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method. In addition, the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi was loaded into liposomes and the encapsulation efficiency of essential oil was calculated. Then, the size, surface charge and particle morphology of this system were investigated using Zeta Sizer and Atomic Force Microscopy and pattern of essential oil release was evaluated at 35 oC and pH = 6 for 24 h.

Liposomal vesicles containing essential oil had a size of 110.1 nm, 40.12±2.71% essential oil loading, and zeta potential of -9 mV. The liposomal system is controlled release and releases all essential oils within 24 hours. Atomic force microscopy also confirmed the formation of liposomes and appropriate particle morphology.

In the present study, the liposomal system containing the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi had a relatively high loading percentage and surface charge verification confirmed that the nano-carrier is anionic. Thus, given the slow and complete release of the essential oil within 24 hours, this liposomal nano-carrier can be a suitable carrier for delivering the essential oil to Trichomoniasis parasite.

Coronaviruses are animal-derived enveloped viruses that in addition to respiratory and digestive diseases have also been found in neurological diseases, some of which have caused nephritis or have been observed in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and mouse hepatitis. However, in general, the most important effect of coronaviruses is on the respiratory and digestive systems. This study aimed to compare the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-28) with that of other viruses of the coronavirus family. Moreover, it was attempted to investigate the possibility of its falsification and finally evaluate the effect of linalool and thymol on the inactivity of the orf1ab protein of SARS-CoV-2.

The Coronaviridae family virus genome sequence was obtained from the NCBI database. After alignment, the number of mutations, nucleotide diversity, number of sites in which the same substitution occurred, clustering, similarity and genetic distance, as well as dN/dS index were evaluated in this study. The three-dimensional structure of the orf1ab protein prediction and the accuracy of the predicted model was also investigated. Furthermore, this study examined the motif and the domains conserved for the orf1ab gene in all viruses of the Coronaviridae family, as well as the membrane, cytoplasm, and kinase domains in the orf1ab virus of SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the molecular docking, linalool (the most important thirst-suppressing substance of Scrophularia striata) of the model plant (i.e., araboidopsis) and thymol (the most important ingredient of Trachyspermum ammi L.) were used to prevent the inactivation of the orf1ab protein of SARS-CoV-2.Ethics code: IR.UOZ.REC.1399.003

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has 11 conserved domains and 11 genes. The presence of the NSP13 superfamily and SUD-M superfamily in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome indicate the ability and effort of this virus to be more stable in the environment. Based on the numerical value of dN/dS (1.036) and Tajima´s D (4.39) for orf1ab, the slope of the changes during evolution for the orf1ab gene is very slow, and there is no choice of direction in virus changes. Based on the highest interaction between linalool protein and orf1ab protein (-41.0), the highest accuracy (0.172), lowest energy level (ΔG=-6.23Kcal/mol), and the best combination (Full Fitness=-1340.18 Kcal/mol) between thymol phytochemical and orf1ab protein, molecular docking results showed that both linalool protein and thymol substance bound to orf1ab protein and inhibited its activity.

Linalol and thymol affected the inactivity of the orf1ab protein in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, clinical trials on linalool and thymol should be performed to confirm these hypotheses. If the hypothesis approves, it is suggested to use them in this regard. In addition, by examining the dN/dS indices, as well as evaluating the singletons, domains, and conserved areas of all viruses, it was found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus could not be purposefully manipulated.

Background and Purpose:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases in the world with prevalence of 21.5% to 31.5% in Iran. No definitive treatment has yet been determined. Trachyspermum ammi (Carum copticum) commonly known as ‘Ajwain’ have long been used in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) as a digestive and liver tonic. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aqueous extract of C. copticum seeds with placebo in improving dyspepsia and treatment of NAFLD.

Methods and Materials:

Fifty-five patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups: drug (n = 27) and placebo (n = 28). All subjects in both groups received three 500 mg capsules (Drug or placebo) daily for 8 weeks in addition to lifestyle modification education.
Liver enzyme levels, liver steatosis, dyspepsia and its severity and anthropometric indices were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21 software.

The majority of patients (72.7%) were in the age group of 30-50 years. Both groups were similar in demographic characteristics. At the end of 8 weeks of intervention, ALT level (p <0.001), hepatic steatosis (RR = 2.49, p = 0.033) and dyspepsia severity (p = 0.025) were significantly improved in the drug group. However, despite a significant decrease in AST enzyme levels in both groups, it was not significant between the two groups (p = 0.098). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly decreased at the end of the study in drug (p = 0.016) and placebo (p = 0.007) groups, but waist-hip ratio )WHR( decreased only in the drug group (p = 0.011).

Since the use of Carum copticum capsules is effective in the relative improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, its use in the treatment of patients can be recommended.

The aim of this study was to assess the applied characteristics of wound covers containing nanoliposomic essential oil of ajwain, with suitable antimicrobial properties and lack of cytotoxicity. Liposomal formulations of the ajwain essential oil containing DSPE-PEG, cholesterol, span60 and SPC80 were prepared using a thin layer method. The rooting and spray methods on a cellulose fabric were used to produce skin wound cover. In addition to in vitro intracellular penetration and measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration of the product, textile characteristics, antimicrobial activity and 96 hours release of the essence in the wound cover were studied. Ethical Considerations: In this study, all principles of research ethics were considered. The loading efficiency of the liposomal formulation was more than 85%. The small particle dispersion index (PDI = 0.02) in the form of the PEGylated formulation indicates optimal dispersion of the particles which reduces the buildup of the drug in the cutaneous application. The standard AATCC microbial test showed inhibitory effect of the wound cover on bacteria, especially E. coli. Textile tests indicated acceptable properties of the produced wound cover, too. Altogether, this wound cover showed acceptable features in combating the two selected bacteria responsible for infectious skin ulcers.

Nowadays, the prevalence of drug resistance to synthetic drugs is increasing in many countries in the world; therefore, many efforts have been made to find new compounds as an appropriate alternative to antibiotics. This study was performed to investigate the antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of Carum copticum L. on some pathogenic bacteria.
Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-laboratory study, after collecting the plants and confirming its scientific name by botanists, methanolic extract of the plant was prepared by Soxhlet extractor method and different concentrations of extract were prepared. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) extracts were determined on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well-diffusion and dilution methods.
The results showed that MIC and MBC of methanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were 12.5, 25 and 50 mg / ml, respectively.
Discussion and The results of this study show that Carum copticum L. plant can be considered in herbals groups with antibacterial properties. After evaluating their effects in vivo condition and identifying the active ingredients, it can be used as an alternative to synthetic drugs that commonly used to treat infections.

Trachyspermum ammi is one of the prominent plant in traditional medicine of the east with several medicinal effects such as improvement of stomach disease, digestive disorder, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, bladder stones, respiratory disease and etc. Medicinal plants is one of the important reason of toxicity particularly in children and the elderly therefore, evaluation of the toxic effects of a plant is important. The aim of present study was evaluation of toxicity of ajowan oil in experimental animals. Initially, essential oil of the plant fruit was extracted to study the acute toxicity to rats by gavage. The animals were treated with 1000 mg/kg of the essential oil for 23 and 45 days to determine chronic. Hematological and biochemical parameters of rats’ blood samples were collected and spleen, kidney, liver and lung of rats were isolated for histopathologic examination. According to acute studies result lethal dose, 50% (LD50) of ajowan essential oil was about 2294 mg/kg. Chronic evaluation showed that there is no statistical difference between weight, food and water consumption of test and control groups. Further, tissue analysis showed no serious change in examined tissues in the treated rats. Finally according to results, no chemical parameters of blood and histological pattern of tissue were affected by T. ammi oil; however the oil could be classified as moderately toxic due to its LD50 value.

Trachyspermum capticum plant is from Apiaceafamily of essential oil and seed extract of this plant contain compounds that show its biological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of herbs. The chemical compounds of this medicinal plant were analyzedby GC-MS and 7 components were identified, representing 85% of its total essential mass. The antibacterial properties of these agents were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MBC) against E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria with microdillution method, and the functional groups of the compounds were investigated using FTIR analysis. Results showed that the EO Trachyspermum capticum was formed by the main components of (Thymol 30%), (Limonene 21%) and (gamma-terpinene 19%). Factor groups derived from the resulting curves indicate that the flavonoid compounds in the extract have been shown to have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The results for the methanolic extract (MIC) were 15.62 mg/ml against enterococcus faecalis bacterium and 31.25 mg/ml against E.coli and MBC 125 mg/ml against enterococcus faecalis and 5.62 mg/ml is obtained against Escherichia coli bacteria. MIC and MBC of this species were found against Enterococcus faecalis 5 mg / ml bacteria and against E. coli (0.625mg/ml). Essential oils and its methanolic extract play an important role in antimicrobial activity and its essential oil is much stronger than its extract. The presence of flavonoids in this plant is due to this biological property.

Study aimed to compare the effects of chamomile oil , oil copticum and clonidine withdrawal syndrome NA groups was performed .
Method and Materials: This study is a Double-blind one stage clinical trial with the comparison group. The sample consisted of 135 patients who were randomly NA groups in thecontrol and intervention groups (two groups) were placed. In intervention groups1, chamomile oil, in the intervention group2, oil copticum common and in control group treated with clonidine withdrawal is received. COW's symptoms questionnaire was recorded in6steps, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software.
Baseline mean and standard deviation of withdrawal syndrome in the group of Matricariachamomilla oil, Trachyspermumcopticum oil and Clonidine respectively (241/7 ± 15/24), (845/8 ± 52/26) and (469/7 ± 03/23) and after the intervention (442/7 ± 11/12), (452/8 ± 42/11) and (775/7 ± 51/8), respectively. ANOVA test showed that the three groups before the intervention (p=0/32) and after (p= 0/70) no significant difference in the degree of addiction syndrome.
Vegetable oil on the impact of the withdrawal syndrome More studies are needed.

Ttrichomoniasis is a disease with high prevalence in the world that can impose dangerous consequences on human beings. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Although, the disease has certain treatment methods but the emergence of drug resistance has emphasized the need for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum (C. copticum) and ferula asafetida (F. asafetida) against Trichomonas vaginalis.
Material and We prepared hydroalcoholic extracts of F. asafetida and the C. copticum. Then, the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800µg/ml of the extracts were used against the T. vaginalis at the exposure times of 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. Anti-parasitic effects of the extracts at every dose and also the positive and negative controls were studied. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
The results showed that different concentrations of both plant extracts had anti-trichomonas effect, although the effect of the F. asafetida extract was more remarkable. We also found that the anti-parasitic effect of the extracts increased by increasing the exposure time and also concentration. At the higher concentrations of F. asafetida extract (concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml) and at the more prolonged exposure times (120 and 180 min), the anti-trichomonas effect of F. asafetida was similar to that of metronidazole.
The anti-trichomonas effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of F. asafetida was higher than that of C. copticum. Complementary studies such as gas chromatography and spectophotometery can help to identify the effective ingredient of these plants which may result in the introduction of F. asafetida as a suitable alternative for metronidazole.

Due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial agents is essential. In Persian medicine Fennel (Fuenoculum vulgare Mill.) and Ajwain (Carum copticum (L.) Benth. & Hook.f.) are recommended for the treatment of some infections. In this research, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of fennel and Ajwain on E. coli were investigated. In an in-vitro study 30 clinical isolates of urine culture of children with urinary tract infection from Amirkola Pediatric Hospital in Babol and a standard sample were used. Antibacterial effects of 4 grouos including aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of fennel and Ajwain by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone using disc diffusion (concentrations 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 mg/disc) and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) with Microdilution method was compared with Gentamicin (30mg/disc) as a positive control
FINDINGS: There was no significant difference in inhibition zone with Gentamicin at concentrations of 64, 128, 256, and 512 mg/disc in standard and clinical samples. At concentrations of 16 and 32, Gentamicin was significantly better. The extract of 512 mg/disc (12.93±2.66) of hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum was significantly better than 256 mg/disc (9.53±1) (p=0.002). The MIC and MBC for standard samples were 4 and 8, respectively, and for clinical samples 3.83±2.36 and 5.8 mg / ml, respectively. Other extracts were not able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli.
The results showed that the Hydroalcoholic extract of Carum copticum has bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on standard and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

Increasing drug resistance against different antibiotics in most bacteria the cause is increased interest in the development of natural antimicrobial compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extracts of Ferula assafoetida¡ Carum copticum and Mentha piperita strains on standard pathogenic bacteria.
Plant extract was performed by maceration method. Well diffusion¡ disk diffusion and microdilution method was used to determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) each of the extracts against four species of bacteria¡ including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus¡ Escherichia coli O157: H7 and salmonella typhimurium.
Finding: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Ferula assa foetida¡ Carum copticum and Mentha piperita extract for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 50¡ 25¡ 3.25 mg/ml respectively and for methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was 25¡ 25¡ 3.25 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Carum copticum and peppermint on E.coli O157:H7 was 50¡ 25 mg/ml while ferula assa foetida had no effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Mentha piperita on Salmonella typhimurium was 12.5 mg/ml.
Discussion & Therefore¡ according to the results¡ natural compounds such as essential oils and plant extracts recommended to Control disease.

Production of anti-Toxoplasma drug with high efficacy and low side effect is one of the main priorities in toxoplasmosis researches. Herbal extracts has considered as a candidate for this purpose.
This study was performed in order to determine lethal effect of Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L. and Gossypium hirsutum extracts on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro free cell line.
Tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml of Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L., and Gossypium hirsutum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 min. Afterward, the tachyzoites were stained with alkaline methylene blue. Mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined. The results were analyzed with one way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test by SPSS software. P The overall, 100% of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml of Artemisia absinthium L. and 200 mg/ml of Carum copticum L. after 10, 30, and 45 min treatment. The lowest mortality rates at concentration of 10 mg/ml were 19.6±8.4, 4.30±2.26, and 4.63±2.1 for Artemisia absinthium L., Carum copticum L., and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. The highest and lowest mortality rate of tachyzoites by Gossypium hirsutumin extract was 13.3 ±7.1. The mortality of tachyzoites were confirmed by bioassay in mice.
Anti-Toxoplasma activities of Artemisia absinthium L. and Carum copticum L. were significantly higher than Gossypium hirsutum. Further studies in order to clarify effectors are recommended.

Long-term use of opioid creates tolerance, physical and psychological dependence. Discontinuation of the drug, creating a shortage of endogenous opioids and withdrawal syndrome emerges. Addiction treatment in traditional medicine using of herbs such as Carum copticum which has many therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Carum copticum on withdrawal syndrome in adult rats addicted to morphine.
In this study 70 male Wistar rats divided into seven groups of 10. Six groups were addicted by injection of morphine sulfate (the first 5 days 10 mg/kg, the second 5 days 15 mg/kg and on the day from 11 to 21, 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously. Groups three, four and five were fed 10%, 20% of Carum copticum extract and methadone (mg/kg 5) after addiction of animals. Groups six and seven were given 10% and 20% of Carum copticum extract from the beginning to the end of period orally. Group one (control) and Group two (morphine) were fed daily 0.5 mL of saline orally to the end of the period (day 21 to 35). Data collected from body weight, jumping, itching and diarrhea of animals were analyzed by SPSS software, using Unpaired T test, ANOVA and LSD as post-hoc statistical tests.
Comparing the mean of weight loose of the animals in different treatment groups on day 21 with 35 showed statistical significant reduction in the group that received extract of Carum copticum 10%. On the day 21, itching and jumping, in the group that received extract of Carum copticum 10%, and the diarrhea, in the group that received the extract of Carum copticum 20% compared with the control group showed a significant decrease (P According to the results, hydro-alcoholic extract of carum copticum at concentration of 10 and 20% are effective in reducing withdrawal syndrome of morphine as like as methadone. With more comprehensive and broader researches It may be utilize of this extract as an alternative to methadone used in addiction treatment to reduce symptoms of opiate withdrawal.

Application of natural compounds including essential oils (EOs) is an effective method to fight against the growth of bacterial pathogens in food. This study was conducted to determine the combinational effect of Trachyspermum ammi and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils on some pathogenic food-borne bacteria. The effect of different concentrations of Trachyspermum ammi and Zataria multiflora Boiss was assessed individually and/or in combination, using microdilution broth method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) effect on the pathogenic food-borne bacteria including E. coli O157: H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the effect of EOs was analyzed, individually or in combination, on B.cereus and E.coli growth curves. Combination of Trachyspermum ammi and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils showed a synergistic effect against B. cereus and S. aureus and additive effect on E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. The results of growth curve analysis of the combinational effects of these two EOs showed that they decreased the rate and increased the lag phase of bacterial growth, especially for B.cereus. This finding has an important value in food microbiology. This study showed that T. ammi, and Z. multiflora Boiss essential oils were effective against bacterial growth, especially when they are used in combination. Based on this study it is suggested that their potential application to be considered in food industry

Trachyspermum copticum، Bunium persicum and Cuminum cyminum involve the most important medicinal plants in Apiaceae family in Iran which can be observed in different natural habitats of Yazd province. Therefore، these three native medicinal plants of Yazd province were assessed in regard with the components and antioxidant properties of their seed essences. In this experimental-lab trial، all experiments were performed in triplicate. The essence of the collected seeds were extracted by hydro-distillation، and fractionated by GC/MS method. Then، the compounds were identified. The DPPH test was used to estimate antioxidant properties. The Follin-Ciocalteu method was applied in order to estimate the quantity of Phenolic compounds. The analysis revealed that the main components of Trachyspermum copticum were γ-Terpinene، β-pinene، cymene and thymol. Regarding Cuminum cyminum، the main components were propanal، 1-phenyl-1-butanol and benzene methanol. For Bunium persicum، the results revealed that the –γTerpinene had the highest percentage of the essence. The IC50 of Bunium persicum، Trachyspermum copticum and Cuminum cyminum were 2. 85، 1. 49 and 0. 711 µg. mg-1 and the phenolic component percentage were 117. 09، 90. 22 and 162. 62mg. g-1، respectively. The study results، with respect to antioxidant properties، demonstrated the highest antioxidant properties for Trachyspermum copticum، whereas the lowest antioxidant properties were regarded for Bunium persicum. The highest phenolic components were observed in Bunium persicum، Trachyspermum copticum، and Cuminum cyminumt، respectively.

Dorema aucheri, Stachys pilifera and Trachyspermum copticum are used in Iranian traditional medicine especially in the province of Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad. This study aimed to determine the effect of these plants on proliferation of rat brain oligodendrocytes. Macerated hydroalcoholic extract of each plant was prepared using 50% ethanol. The OLN-93 oligodendrocytes were incubated for 24 h with different concentrations of these extracts. Then, percentage of viable cells was determined using a method based on the reduction of tetrazolium salt. Extract of Dorema aucheri at 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/ml decreased viable cells from 100 ± 4% (control cells) to 84 ± 4, 58 ± 6 (P<0.001), 6 ± 0.5 (P<0.001) and 4 ± 0.5% (P 0.001), respectively. Similarly, Stachys pilifera extract at 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml decreased viable cells from 100 ± 4% to 81 ± 6, 64 ± 3 (P<0.01), 61 ± 4 (P<0.01) and 55 ± 2% (P<0.001), respectively. Also, Trachyspermum copticum extract at concentrations higher than 50 µg/ml significantly decreased percentage of viable cells. Extracts of Dorema aucheri, Trachyspermum copticum and Stachys pilifera reduce proliferation of rat brain oligodendrocytes.