جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ساری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and about 2 billion people are infected with tuberculosis. Every year, millions of children are exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and tuberculosis is still one of the main infectious causes of death among children in the world. Considering the importance of tuberculosis in children and the lack of information about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on it, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of children with tuberculosis admitted to Buali Hospital of Sari before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, all children with tuberculosis who were admitted to Buali Hospital between 2014 to 2019 were divided into two groups before and after COVID-19 (Before: from June 2014 to the end of 2019; After: from the end of 2019 to June 2023). Demographic information, type of disease, contact history, underlying disease, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, radiological findings, medications, duration of hospitalization, and clinical outcome of the patients were recorded. The data was statistically analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

In the present study, 15 children were hospitalized before the COVID-19 pandemic and 17 people after it. There were 19 girls (59.37%) and 13 boys (40.63%) with an average age of 6.60±4.24 years. The median duration of hospitalization after the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly longer (4 days vs. 5 days; P=0.019). 22 patients (68.75%) had active tuberculosis and the remaining cases were asymptomatic and diagnosed with latent tuberculosis (P=0.811). Pulmonary involvement was observed in 17 patients (53.12%) and extrapulmonary involvement was observed in 5 patients (46.87%) (P=0.323). 19 patients (59.37%) were new cases and other cases were disease recurrences (P=0.571). History of contact with TB patients was positive in 19 patients (59.37%). The skin tuberculin test of the patients was positive in 24 patients (75%), and the gastric aspirate examination of none of the patients was positive before COVID-19, but 4 patients (33.33%) were positive after COVID-19 (P=0.245). IGRA test was positive in 1 patient (3.12%) before COVID-19 and in 2 patients (6.25%) after the pandemic (P=1.000). The most common clinical symptom was cough (68.75%), followed by fever (43.75%), vomiting and weight loss (32.25%), rhinorrhea and anorexia (28.12%) and night sweats (15.62%). Three patients (17.5%) needed intensive care unit admission after the pandemic. The laboratory markers did not have a statistically significant difference between the two groups, and ESR was high in 66.67% of the patients before the pandemic and 81.2% after it. Disturbance in the laboratory tests including electrolytes and liver and kidney function tests was not observed in both groups. All patients recovered and no deaths were reported.

Comparing the results showed a significant increase in the duration of hospitalization after the pandemic. Although some studies have reported a more severe form of tuberculosis after the COVID-19 pandemic, finding the association between the changes in the clinical manifestations of TB and its type before and after COVID-19 and generalizing the results requires multicenter studies with higher sample sizes.

The high risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection in dental centers is a serious problem for doctors and patients. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental health measures related to corona disease in the dental offices of Sari city during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021.

The present study is descriptive and cross-sectional, and the tool used in it is a researcher-made questionnaire collected with the cooperation of the personnel working in 100 active dental service centers in Sari. to determine content validity, two qualitative and quantitative -qualitative methods were used. The qualitative content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 8 environmental health experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS software V. 25.

Based on the results of this study, personal protective equipment was used continuously in 100% of the centers. In 93% of the centers, sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde were used to disinfect the equipment, and in 94% of the cases, the frequency of disinfection of the equipment was after each patient. Disinfection of toilets was done daily in 62% of the centers and every two days in the rest. In 72% of the examined dental centers, had no local hood installed or turned on above the units, but in 92% of the offices, there was proper ventilation of public spaces. In addition, according to the results, in 99% of clinics, waste management was carried out in accordance with national laws and regulations and based on the rules and methods of the executive management of medical waste and related waste and related instructions, and also in 100% of clinics, water consumption was healthy and desirable.

Overall, environmental health measures in dental offices were at an optimal level in most cases and in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry of Health. Not installing a hood or not turning it on above the units and improper ventilation of the dentist's office were the most critical problems of the centers, which need to be given more attention and corrective measures should be taken according to the instructions of the Ministry of Health.

Musculoskeletal disorders are global problems and have a significant impact on quality of life. Studies show that the symptoms are shown in dental students before graduation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dental students.

This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study. The study population was dental students working in pre-clinics and clinics of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was Nordic standard questionnaire. The collected data were entered in SPSS 22 statistical software and were analyzed.

The data of 121 participants were analyzed. 84 participants (%69.4)had felt pain, discomfort or numbness in at least one part of their body which was mostly in neck (%45.5). No significant relationship was found between right handed/ left handed variables and musculoskeletal disorders (P-Value= 0.862).

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental students is high. Prevalence measures and further educations must be provided in dental schools.

Waste accumulation has very negative impacts on human health and the environment, but if managed properly, it can help in increasing food safety of the community. Agricultural extension and education as one of the main pillars of modern agriculture can play an effective role in agricultural productivity and waste and in general improve the living conditions of farmers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of education on rice waste management in Sari, Iran with emphasis on environmental protection and health.

This structural equation-based correlational survey was performed in 290 rice cultivators in Sari, north of Iran. The participants were selected based on Cochranchr('39')s formula. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the average variance extracted (0.506 >AVE< 0.581) and composite reliability (0.946 >CR < 0.953), the questionnaire had convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS V16 and SmartPLS 2.0.M3 were used to analyze the data.

The study showed that trainings on the use of straw and other residues of rice positively affects rice waste management operations and is linked to environmental protection and better health status.

Without knowledge of rice waste management operations and proper trainings, rice cultivators cannot be expected to succeed in waste management while considering environmental protection and health.

Household drinking water treatment devices are becoming commonplace to improve the quality of drinking water, remove odor, taste, turbidity and color, pathogenic organisms, toxic chemicals, organic matter, and carcinogenic pollutants. This study aimed at investigating the Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) in drinking water and possibility of biofilm formation in household drinking water treatment devices in sari, Iran.

In a descriptive-analytical study, 100 samples were collected from the inlet and outlet reservoirs of urban drinking water distribution network and household water treatment systems according to the standard method in summer 2019. HPC culture was tested by spread plate method using R2A agar culture.

Among the samples studied, HPC was 12% higher than the standard level in 25% of urban water samples and 4% higher than the standard level in 18% of home water treatment system samples. Low residual chlorine in network and effluent of treatment devices and presence of heterotrophic bacteria in these samples, reinforces the possibility of biofilm growth on the network system and devices. The study showed significant relationship between lifetime of the filters, HPC, and residual chlorine (P<0.001).

Presence of HPC in network and effluent samples of household drinking water treatment devices and low residual chlorine in samples increases the rate of biofilm formation in network and devices even by small amounts.

Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr.

The studied fish (three fish from each gender) were purchased in winter and spring from Sari Shahid Beheshti Cooperative and the Veterans Cooperative of Noshahr (east and west of Mazandaran province, respectively). Biochemical analysis and fatty acid profile were determined by the application of gas chromatography using standard methods.

Stearic acid, oleic acid, and DHA were the highest in Sari in winter being the significantly different from other fatty acids (p < 0.05). Total fatty acids in male and female fish from Noshahr and male fish from Sari were significantly lower in spring than in the others, and male and female fish from Nowshahr contained relatively higher total fatty acids in winter. Maximum DHA values were higher than EPA in both sexes, seasons, and regions. The chemical composition of male and female fish did not differ significantly in both seasons and regions (p > 0.05). SFA percentages in both sexes and regions were generally higher in winter than in spring, while PUFA percentages in both sexes and regions were higher in spring than in winter. The percentage of ω-3 fatty acids (41.12%) in winter samples of Noshahr was higher than that (30.91%) in Sari, and it was higher in spring samples of Sari (55.27%) than that of Noshahr (17.29%). The lowest total ratios of ω-3/ω-6 were obtained in Sari (3.12) in male fish in winter and in Noshahr (3.23) in spring. The highest PUFA/SFA ratios were observed in Sari (1.9) and Noshahr (0.74) kutum in spring and winter, respectively.

Fish examined in winter contained more fatty acids (especially DHA and EPA) in the muscle and are therefore more important for human consumption. The two regions, two seasons, and two sexes had significant effects on body biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian Sea kutum.

Noise is one of the most important pollutants in worksites. Hospitals are imposed to noise pollution.  Considering lack of research in Sari educational hospitals and applicability of noise control by engineering controls and education, we proposed this research to evaluate the sound pressure level (SPL) in three educational hospitals of Sari, Iran.

In a descriptive-analytical study, the SPL of three hospitals was evaluated using sound level meter (model; CACELLA CELL-490, made in England). The evaluation was performed in 1.5 meter height, in three shifts, and in three days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS software version 24.  For assessing the rate of effective factors, the GEE (Generalized estimating Equation) methods were used.

According to the results, the mean SPL was 63.30 ± 7.33 dB and a significant difference was observed between the mean SPL and the standard (35 dB) (p <0.001). Moreover, the highest mean of sound in hospitals was observed in Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital. Considering the week days, Saturday and among shifts, the night shift had the highest mean SPL.

The findings showed that SPL was higher than the Iranian National Construction Regulations and World Health Organization (WHO) standards in all evaluated places. So, the noise control programs should be considered seriously.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important opportunistic parasites and can lead to acute toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Due to the specific conditions of dialysis patients, this parasite may have different clinical features when compared to other individuals. Given the vulnerability of these patients and lack of information on this subject in Zanjan and Mazandaran, this study was performed on dialysis patients in these two provinces.
280 patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were studied. Their personal information was recorded with questionnaires while blood samples were collected and sera were isolated and subjected to anti-Toxoplasma antibody evaluation using ELISA technique.
The patients included 156 men (55.7%) and 124 women (44.3%). Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was positive in 232 patients (82.9%). The sero-positive ratio of patients in Mazandaran was higher than that of Zanjan (P The study showed that Toxoplasma seroprevalence (indicative of parasite existence in their body) in patients undergoing hemodialysis in the study areas is high. Considering the particular circumstances of dialysis patients and the possibility of reactivation of this parasite from its chronic phase to its acute phase, regular screening for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in this group of patients is recommended.

Background and Drug-poisoning is amongst major health problems throughout the world. Evidence shows high prevalence of drug-poisoning in Iran. This study investigated the epidemiology of drug-poisoning death in central cities of Mazandaran province (Sari, Qaemshahr, Behshahr, Juybar, and Chhardangeh).
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all fatality records caused by drug-poisoning over a five-year period (2011-2016) in Sari Department of Forensic Medicine. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS V21 was applied for data analysis.
The cases included 31.1% females and 68.9% males. The majority of people (43.6%) aged 15-30 years. The most prevalent medicine were Aluminium phosphide (65.5%), Opium (24.3%), Ethylic alcohol (5.7%), and Tramadol (4.5%).
In this study, a high prevalence of drug toxicity was seen in young individuals, therefore, further investigations on psychological and social problems of young people are needed. Aluminium phosphide was found to be the most common type of drugs since it is found easily. Necessary measurements such as early diagnosis and patient’s participation could decrease the rate of mortality caused by drug poisoning.

Introduction and Road traffic injuries are one of the most important health problems in recent communities that annually takes the lives of more than 12,000 people around the world. The present study examined the epidemiology of fatal traffic accidents in Sari, Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2014.
This descriptive study was conducted using the information about the people who died due to traffic accidents during early April 2014-March 2015. This information was taken from the Mazandaran Legal Medicine Center. All the required information was collected using the checklist. The age and gender of the population were obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran, which was collected in the population census carried out in 2014. Data analysis was performed using Excel 2013.
According to the results, a total of 112 individuals had died due to traffic accidents in Sari, 76 cases of whom were male (68%). The highest number of deaths was found to be between the ages of 15 and 24 years old. Sari-Kaiser and Sari-Juybar road had the maximum (19 cases) and minimum (two cases) numbers of death, respectively. In addition, the spring and winter with 35 and 19 killed had the most and least numbers of death in Sari in 2014.
As the findings of the present study indicated, Sari has a high rate of accidents, particularly among the young people. Regarding this, some measures such as ratifying strict rules, increasing vehicle safety, as well as improving culture and education, especially among the children and adolescents should be taken to reduce this rate.

Milk is a full meal that can provide an appropriate growing environment for different bacteria. Hence, it can be hazardous to human health in unpasteurized conditions. The present study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milks of Sari City in the summer of 2014.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 2014 in the city of Sari. Totally, 160 samples- each 200 mL of raw milk were collected from collection and distribution centers (80 samples) of raw milk, and pasteurized milk from food stores (80 samples). Under aseptic conditions, confirmatory tests were carried out in Chapman and Blood agar media. Antibiogram test was performed for positive samples. Results were analyzed using SPSS (Ver. 19) software through the t-test descriptive statistical analysis.
The results showed that 38.75% of 80 samples of raw milk collected were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, while no contamination was observed in pasteurized milk samples. The average number of colony formation of raw milk was estimated to be within 3×104 to 7×104 Cfu/mL. Maximum sensitivity was found against vancomycin, gentamicin, and Co-trimoxazole antibiotics and the maximum resistance was observed against ampicillin, methicillin and cephalotin antibiotics with of 87.5, 25, and 12.5%, respectively.
The raw milk showed the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, compliance with and control of sanitation at different steps of preparation, supplying and consumption of milk can prevent the human infection with this type of contamination.

Hemoglobin D-Punjab is one of the variant of hemoglobin caused by a mutation on position 121 of beta globin gene which is frequent in India, Pakistan and Iran. Heterozygote form of this variant is mainly asymptomatic while in combination with hemoglobin S, severe form of anemia occure. This study was carried out to determine the beta globin gene haplotypes associated with hemoglobin D-Punjab in Northern Iran. This descriptive study was carried out on families of 18 individuals whom were carriers of hemoglobin D-Punjab in Sari in Northern Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using Phenol-chloroform standard protocol. In order to identify different haplotypes associated with hemoglobin D-Punjab, PCR-RFLP method and family linkage analysis were used. In 17 subjects hemoglobin D-Punjab was linked to [+ - - - - + +] haplotype and in one case association with [- + + - + + +] haplotype was observed. The hemoglobin D-Punjab alleles have mainly unicentric origin and [- + + - + + +] rare haplotype may have different genetic origin or is created as a result of gene recombination.

Background and Attention deficit hyper activity disorder (ADHD) is a serious disorder for childhood and adolescents that disables and retards the patient in social relationship. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD in High-School Students of Sari, Iran. In this cross-sectional description-analytical study, the study population was 14-17 years old students of high-schools in Sari town. The data-collection tool was Conners parent questionnaire completed by the students’ parent after sending their home. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The mean age of the cases was 15.8 ± 2.1 years. The prevalence of the ADHD prevalence was 14.2%; the prevalence in boys was more but the difference was not significant. Considering the prevalence of ADHD in Sari, the screening, treatment and follow-up programs should be planned to improve the situation.

Background and High concentrations of respirable particles in both the outdoor and indoor environments are associated with adverse health effects that could reduce the performance of students. This study was carried out to investigate the indoor concentrations of respirable particle and outdoor concentrations of PM2. 5 at classrooms in primary schools in Sari، north of Iran. We also evaluated the relationship between outdoor concentration of particles and other environmental factors. Six primary schools located in Sari city center were selected. A size selective GRIMM particle monitor was used to measure the indoor classrooms continuous real-time particle distribution and a real time Micro Dust Pro monitor was used for outdoor measurement. The maximum and minimum concentrations of indoor PM1 and PM2. 5 were observed in spring and autumn، respectively. The highest level of PM10 was seen in winter. The mean indoor PM2. 5 concentration in classrooms was (46. 6 µgm-3) which was higher (P<0. 05) than the mean outdoor PM2. 5 concentration (36. 9 µgm-3). Ambient temperature had a significant negative effect on indoor PM2. 5 levels. Resuspension of indoor particles and replacement of indoor and outdoor air are amongst the most effective determinants for indoor particle concentrations.

Fungi are widely distributed in nature and they are usually present in attomospher but other sources such as water play an important role in their ecology. This study was done to evaluate mycoflora assessment in drinking tap water in Sari, North of Iran. The tap water collected form Sari water distribution system for fungi.

In this descriptive study, a volume of 100 ml of tap drinking water samples (n=60) were collected in sterile bottles. All water samples passed through sterile 0.45 micrometer filters. The filters were placed directly on Malt extract agar and incubated at 27°C for 3-7 days. Routine mycological techniques were applied to identify the grown fungi.

Out of 468 grown fungal colonies, eight different fungal genera were identified. The total mean cfu per 100 ml for the positive samples were 8.4. Aspergillus (37.4%) and Penicillium (27.3%) were the most common isolated fungi. Rhizopus (0.6%) had the lowest frequency. Among Aspergillus species, A. flavus had the highest frequency.

Our result showed that various fungi were present in the tap drinking water. We propose fungi should be considered as part of the microbiological analysis parameters in drinking tap water.

The first step to prevent and reduce the occurrence of addiction in the community as well as helping the addicted people is to determine the status of their mental health and life quality. The current study aimed to investigate the mental health and life quality of addicted referred to the addiction (MMT&DIC) centers in Sari. The present practical investigation was carried out as a descriptive and sectional model on 351 individuals which were selected accidentally in 2012. Data was obtained from questionnaire of mental health (GHQ) and life quality (SF17). The obtained data were analyzed by the relevant statistical tests using statistical package software of SPSS. 70.1% of the individuals showed relatively favorable mental health while 11.1% was classified as unfavorable. Morover, 67.55 of the addicted indicated a relatively desirable life quality but 23.6% had undesirable life quality. There were significant relationships between mental health index with job (P=0.041) and education (P=0.023) level. Also, significant relationships were found between marital status and education level with the quality of life (P=0.001). But mental health index detected significant relationships with age, gender, and marital status as life quality revealed no statistical relationships with age, gender and job (P>0.05). according to the obtained results, the mental health and life quality in the units of the study was not rather favorable that may cause other mental disorders. Hence, the authorities should pay more attention to this group.

Backgrounds and Swimming pools water if not disinfected properly can be one of the infection sources of different microorganisms such as staphylococcus. This study is to aware the authorities and users about the conditions existed in sheltered swimming pools in Sari and to believe the contamination of the water there, related to the existence of staphylococcus aureus. In this descriptive study 32 specimens collected randomly from 15 swimming pools in action during three months from 60 cm deep under specific conditions in sterile containers and taken to the laboratory of health college in 2 hrs and were analyzed for the contamination from staphylococcus aureus and some other parameters like temperature, pH, chlorine residual and opacity on the basis of microbiological and standard methods. Results showed an average temperature of 27.08 degree Celsius, PH=7.6, average chlorine residual 1 mil/l and opacity average was 77 NTU % and the highest contamination from staphylococcus aureus (29.3 %) in C and the lowest (10.19 %) was observed in D swimming pool. Furthermore this analysis showed that in 90% of specimens there was a direct relationship between the ratio of chlorine residual, times of swimming, water temperature and the number of staphylococcus. Swimming pools water if not disinfected properly can be one of the infection sources of different microorganisms such as staphylococcus. Some suggestions inorder to optimization of the swimming pools condition presented in this paper.

Regarding the high rate of caries prevalence and the lack of enough treatment supplies in the society as well as the significant role played by the proper amount of fluoride in water supplies in dental health. The goal of this study was to determine the amount of fluoride in Sari drinking water in spring of 2009. This descriptive research was performed on water samples of all drinking water sources in the city of Sari. The sampling process was conduct at nearest home surrounding each source. All samples were delivered to Tehran dental school IA university quality control laboratories. The amount of each samples fluoride was determined as less than normal, normal, and more than normal using potentiometer method. This study was performed on 36 samples. The total volume of Sari water source was two hundred twenty six thousand and two hundred cubic meters and the total amount of fluoride in Sari drinking water was 0.35±0.15 ppm. The amount of fluoride in 100 % of the total drinking water was less than standardized level. Unfortunately the amount of fluoride in Sari drinking water is significantly less than the standardized level.

Iranian family physician care program as a new program has begun since 2005 to deliver a better service particularly in primary health care. The objective this survey was to evaluate the impact of this program on family planning in Sari city between 2003-2007. This survey was conducted among all women 15-49 years who married. Required data were collected from health files. The pattern of time trend evaluated and relevant indices compared before and after the family physician program. The application of condom, hormone injection, vasectomy and total modern contraceptives increased but employing the methods of tubectomy, IUD, OCP, Norplant and traditional method were descending. This variability for condom, tubectomy and traditional methods were statistically significant (p<0.05). However for other methods were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Difference of contraceptive using rates in pre and post of the application of program for condom, hormone injection, tubectomy and OCP were statistically significant (p<0.05) and for others were not statistically significant (p>0.05). It seems relatively success of family physician program on family planning in Mazandaran province however more human resource should be allocated to family planning.

Background and Noise is one of the most harmful factors in the environment. It is also one of the harsh phenomenons in this century that people are exposed to. Exposure to noise higher than threshold limit value could cause some physical and mental disorders. High traffic flow due to recent increase in number of vehicles causes higher noise pollution. There are few studies regarding the evaluation of noise pollution in the environment in some Iranian cities. Thus, it is necessary to measure sound pressure level and other related parameters for noise pollution control. Identification of the effective factors on noise pollution is the best approach for promotion of individual, as well as, public health and safety. The aim of this study is to evaluate the noise level in the city of Sari. There exist various methods for calculating the equivalent noise level regarding to noise measurement period. The most ordinary method is DL (day average sound level), that takes 15 hours of sampling (7 am- 10 pm), based on regulations that was approved by the National Environmental Protection Association in year 2003. This method was used for evaluation of noise level in this study. In the first stage, sampling locations were selected, followed by measuring sound levels at the height of one’s hearing zone (1.6 m above the ground surface). A calibrated sound level meter (Model Cell-490, Casella CEL, England) was used for all measurements. The SPSS software V.15 was used to perform T-test analysis. The results showed that the mean (SD) DL was 75.52± (4.41) dB. The minimum and maximum sound pressure levels during the sampling period were 47 dB and 121.5 dB respectively. Due to the measurement of various circumstances, some times, and also, sampling locations, measure sound pressure level was high. The mean sound level during the daytime period was higher than the national standard levels. Therefore, environmental noise control is the best approach for the prevention of noise related to adverse health effects.