جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیاست گذاری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The policy of removing the preferred drug currency (Daruyar plan) has been with the approach of increasing the coverage ratio and insurance obligations and paying attention to patients' out of pockets, especially incurable, chronic and low-income patients. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of this plan on price and consumption ,and ultimately, the out of pocket payments after its implementation.

The research method of this study was descriptive-analytical. Primary sampling included 5 pharmacies selected non-randomly and purposefully. After extracting the drug data of the insured persons related to these pharmacies from the database of the Health Insurance Organization, a sample of 384 people determined from the Morgan table was determined randomly and the number of 1803 items of medicine received by them was checked. Then the data was analyzed using SPSS 17 software and Mann-Whitney test.

The survey of 1803 items of medicine in the two periods of November 2021 and 2022 showed that the maximum amount of out-of-pocket payment in November 2021 was equal to 184,000,000 Rials and the average of this variable was 1,357,000 Rials and the median was 177,250 Rials. This number in 2022 was 92,000,000 Rials, 1,805,000 Rials respectively and 181,050 Rials. The results of the analysis of these data showed that after the implementation of Daruyar plan, due to the allocation of compensatory subsidies, there has been no significant change in the total out-of-pocket payment of the patients.

This study investigated the effect of Daruyar plan on price changes, consumption and out-of-pocket payments of patients. The comparison of out-of-pocket payment data in the two time frames of November 2021 and 2022 showed that eliminating the preferred drug currency and implementing the drug subsidy plan has not made a significant change regarding patients' out-of-pocket payments.

Comprehensive health of community and individuals is one of the main priorities of government programs. Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran has proposed priority measures for implementing the health sector of the seventh progress plan after analyzing its execution.

The Comprehensive Scientific Map is a reference document and a roadmap for the country's progress. This map outlines the essential components, objectives, policies, strategies, structures, and requirements for the strategic transformation of science and technology. The revision of the country's comprehensive scientific map is a key agenda for the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution. Below is a selection of value requirements for this review and compilation, along with the integrated health values and dimensions emphasized by the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Considering the development of a knowledge-based economy in the world and Iran, identifying the effective components in the development of knowledge-based companies in the medical field is essential in line with the policy and economic development of the country.

In this qualitative research, data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews from faculty members, specialists and managers of organizations in charge of the country's knowledge-based ecosystem. The statistical population was selected by snowball sampling, and the scientific interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage, and finally 19 interviews were conducted. All data were analyzed based on Brovan and Clark's six-step theme analysis method.

From data analysis, three main themes including the factors of " revision of the general policies of the country", "creating a suitable economic platform" and "revision of the performance of institutions in charge of knowledge-based economy" and 37 subthemes were extracted which were regarded as effective factors in the development of knowledge-based companies in the medical field.

It is necessary to review the general and executive policies of the country for the development of knowledge-based companies, and the government must provide the basis for the development of knowledge-based companies by creating a suitable economic context, fighting economic rents, creating economic stability and reforming the banking network. It is also necessary to review the processes in the Deputy of Science, Technology and Knowledge-Based Economy and the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education.

During the demographic transition period, the population’s average age increases, leading to a rise in healthcare and treatment costs. Given the significant role of treatment costs in the economy and the management of government and household expenditures, this research investigates the impact of aging on healthcare costs globally.  This research utilizes secondary data from 90 countries worldwide from 2010 to 2020, obtained from official international institutions, to investigate the effects of aging and other factors on treatment and healthcare costs. Panel data regression and classical hypothesis tests were employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that government spending, literacy rate, and health insurance coverage are important factors in reducing out-of-pocket health expenses. Conversely, economic development and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population increase the mentioned costs. The key findings of the research are the expenditure of health insurance funds on health infrastructure, prevention, and promotion of health literacy, as well as increasing the coverage of health and social insurance. Countries in the early stages of demographic transition can utilize strategies such as: developing health insurance capital, investing in insurance capital and government expenditures in health infrastructure, implementing preventative programs for elderly diseases, promoting health, and increasing insurance coverage as forward-looking policies to prevent the heavy burden of health costs on households and by the government.

The impact of research is any type of output of research activities that has a positive return for the scientific community, health systems, patients, and peoples. The impact of research can include various aspects, including impact on health, economy, and policy making in society. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the policy impact of research in the field of health management and policy making of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2019.

This applied research was carried out by means of a survey and citation analysis of records published in 2014 to 2019. At first, the return on investment questionnaire was completed by the first or corresponding authors. The findings of the questionnaire were analyzed by citation analysis and checking the number of citations in studies. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 22.

Overall, 459 research in health management and policy-making of Iran University of Medical Sciences were identified. These studies have been used in 768 systematic reviews, seven educational content productions, 129 upstream documents, policy briefs, and instructions; three clinical guidelines, six health technology assessments, and six non-health decision-making.

The policy impact of research in the field of health management and policy-making was mostly through systematic reviews, upstream documents, policy briefs, and instructions. Therefore, it needs to provide further application of these studies in decision-making outside the health field, clinical decision-making, training contents, on-demand research, health technology assessment.

Considering the importance of women's health researches (WHR) in achieving the millennium goals development and lack of a unified and organized direction in the development and support of women's health research, planning and policy making, creating an infrastructure for watching researches and observatory in this field will be an effective step. The aim of this study was designing a model for WHR networking and collaboration, and establishment of WHRwatching and observing system in Iran.

This applied field qualitative study includes reviewing scientific literatures and documents, exploring expert’s views and opinions by conducting expert meetings, questionnaires and interviews, developing and finalizing the model. Data analysis was performed using content analysis method and MAX_ QDA software version 2018

The model and the conceptual framework for WHR network and observatory were designed with 3 main axes including identifying and classifying WHR, establishing collaboration between research centers and transition of knowledge and application of WH researches. In designing the model; Mission, objectives, structure, resources and deployment requirements were identified.

Comprehensive cooperation of stakeholders is necessary to identify the challenges and problems of WH in the country. Due to limited resources and the need to create an appropriate organizational culture to develop all components and expected infrastructure of the designed model; advocacy and support for establishment of WH research network, watching and observing system is necessary.

All governments should plan and for the comprehensive health of all people. For this purpose, in this documentary, the most important priorities of the health system have been emphasized: Addressing social determinant of health, development of health equity, correct and accurate implementation of all clauses of the general health policies, and collaboration between all relevant departments.

Economic evaluation evidence can improve policies and decision-making processes in medicine and health system, prevent wastage of resources caused by trial and error, and facilitate the patients' access to medications. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the feasibility of using economic evaluation evidence in the Iranian pharmaceutical sector.

In this qualitative study, 29 stakeholders selected by purposeful sampling were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The statistical population consisted of 29 experts in the fields of pharmacology, management, policymaking, and health economics. The inclusion criteria for participants included being employed in decision-making fields, having a minimum of a master's degree, as well as possessing sufficient and comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter. The interviews were analyzed adopting content analysis method, and the data were coded using the MAXQDA 11 software.

  In order to identify the obstacles and facilitators of the application of economic evaluation evidence in medicine and health system, the study findings were extracted from three main sections (i.e., characteristics of production and extraction of evidence and information, mechanisms and requirements of using evidence, opportunities and benefits of using evidence) and 11 sub-sections of the identification.

  In sum, implementing all identified facilitators and mechanisms needed to establish a robust foundation was found extremely important for correcting an economic evaluation and evidence-based management. Removing the obstacles to an evidence-based management was also found crucial for creating an enabling environment required to implement the evidence-based practices effectively and for facilitating the production and utilization of evidence sources.

The reduced level of physical activity is a current global concern. To address this concern, encouraging physical activity should be highlighted by public health policymakers of the countries. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the policies on physical activity in Iran.

In this qualitative study, the analytical framework was adopted to interview 23 key informants selected by the targeted sampling with maximum variation from October 2020 to February 2021. The semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed until the data saturation was achieved. MAXQDA-10 software was used for data management.

Different factors including managerial-structural, socio-cultural, political (i.e., policymaking, legal, and international), and situational factors (i.e., perceived environmental factors, changes in people's lifestyle, and restrictions caused by COVID-19) were the main contextual factors affecting the policymaking process.

It was concluded that several relevant factors affected the policymaking in Iran regarding the physical activity. Therefore, it was recommended that these contributory factors should be considered by policymakers when making policies on physical activities.

Discipleship and scientific education as a tradition derived from the lives of the Imams (peace be upon them), with the lofty goals of dynamic student-teacher relationships in the higher education system, which is the most important pillar and axis in the development and scientific and human excellence of the higher education system. , is congruent and it is necessary to identify and present this matter by examining different dimensions of the subject. Therefore, the current research aims to answer the question, what are the dimensions, components and indicators of student upbringing of faculty members in universities? It was done and presented in the form of research findings.

The research has been compiled using metacomposite method. The research sample included 17 works of 17 Iranian religious thinkers that were related to the study and became the basis for extracting the findings.

After reviewing and analyzing the works, 22 indicators were identified and classified under 8 dimensions in the form of 19 components. In this, the spiritual dimension and the behavioral dimension are especially important.

The special attention and attention of policy makers and higher education planners to the dimensions, components and indicators resulting from this research will improve the performance of university faculty members, who play the biggest role in improving the quality of education, research and social services, and it requires an effective flow of remembering and learning and educating students in the form of discipleship in all dimensions in higher education.

Spiritual self-care has played an important role in adapting nurses to stressful professional conditions, but has often been neglected by health systems.

The purpose of this study is to investigate spiritual self-care programs of nurses in Iran and other countries.

The present study is a narrative review and by searching the Persian and English databases, PubMed, SID, Iran doc, Magiran and a manual search in Google Scholar using the keywords nurse, health workers, spiritual self-care, self-care, spiritual health and health policy was done without time limit (until 2022). In total, out of 35309 articles obtained according to the inclusion criteria, 33 related articles were included in the study.

Despite the special place of spirituality in nursing, the implementation of spiritual self-care in nurses with individual barriers (lack of understanding of the concept of self-care and lack of evaluation, lack of motivation, ignorance of spiritual needs and misconception of spirituality) and organizational (selfish selfishness as a subset Nursing culture is associated with high workload with low salaries, lack of attention and planning of officials in this field. Health policymakers in countries such as the United States, Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and Lebanon by implementing strategies such as developing national programs, forming associations and training programs and creating a requirement in self-care through ethical codes to raise the level of Nurses' spiritual self-care has helped. However, no program in this field is currently being implemented in Iran and no study has been found in this field.

It is suggested that health policymakers in Iran, by modeling the programs of leading countries in the field of spiritual self-care of nurses, help improve the spiritual self-care capacity of nurses.

The health system implements national and regional reforms by developing new policies or reforming the previous policies to respond to the changing needs of society, increasing efficiency, effectiveness, and quality and creating justice. The present study aimed to develop a policy model for producing applied knowledge in health management.

This study was conducted using a qualitative grounded theory method. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 purposively selected health crisis management specialists and policymaking, public management, innovation management, and industrial management experts in the fall of 2021. The data were analyzed through MAXQDA software.

The most important policymaking indicator was evaluating indigenous knowledge production policies for health crisis management. Training cultural factors in the indigenization of other countries' experiences was the most important indicator in policy education, and missing links in the Ministry of Health were identified as the outcomes of inattention to biological crises. Therefore, the identified indicators can be considered the structural factors of indigenous knowledge production policies for health crisis management.

Following the findings from the qualitative case study, the final model was developed using a set of variables, including the content of indigenous knowledge policy, the process of policies for the production of applied knowledge for health management, the training of policies for the production of applied knowledge for health management, and the structural factors of the policies for the production of applied knowledge for health management.

Today, research is the foundation of progress and sustainable development in all fields, and the most important indicator of development is scientific research and technological capabilities. Therefore, investigating the barriers and challenges of research and identifying solutions for scientific and technological progress in health will improve the health of the entire society and achieve sustainable development.

In this study, data was collected using a qualitative method in four,two-hour group discussion sessions with the presence of 15 professors and experts. Subsequently, the information was completed in Delphi and matched with upstream documents.

Via content analysis of the obtained information, research challenges and solutions were categorized into ninemain axes: fundamental, process, managerial, cultural, human resources, ethics and spirituality, evaluation and monitoring, financial and economic,future  studies and future planning.

The information indicated that cooperation of internal and external organizations, social partnerships, strengthening the research culture and ethics, and the commitment of decision makers and policy makersare needed for scientific and technological growth and development in the field of health.

Identifying and developing superior talents doubles the importanceof educational planning.The purpose of this plan is to find laws in the field of superior talent that are incompatible with the logic of following educational justice in academic environments and to suggestfor reform have been presented.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2022using the content analysis method. Targeted interview sessions were held with assistants and students who were members and non-members of gifted students offices as well as the heads of these offices in major universities of medical sciences. Primary conceptual codes were extracted after data analysis, and after continuous review and assessing similar codes, summarization, and removal of duplicate codes, four main categories and 14 subcategories were identified.

Students emphasized the need to change the conditions of membership in gifted students offices and to identify talents during their studies according to their efforts and scientific and research abilities.While requesting coordination between the educational and executive institutions of the country, they inquired forcreatinga stronger foundation for the officials of the ministries, so that they could have a greater impact on the scientific and cultural promotion of the country.

Senior educational managers should pay attention to solving the structural problems of the units and revising the regulations, motivational inducers, and the social and cultural needs of talented students. While requesting the generalization and changes of the statements mentioned in related regulations, the students agreed with establishment of elite assessment centers in metropolitan areas with the same guideline. It is suggested that the Office of Elites and Talented Students of the relevant ministry, be in charge of forming specialized groups of talented students from medical sciences universitiesin cooperation with one of the leading educational institutions in the country; so that these students have closer contact with the relevant ministryofficials and participate more actively in solving educational, research-related and executive problems.

Policy making is one of the main and fundamental issues in the management of institutions and organizations which necessitates attention to its process and components. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between policy-making and university autonomy in macro medical universities of region 3.

The present applied study was conducted with an integrated approach (qualitative and quantitative) in Ilam province of Iran, in 2021. The statistical population in the qualitative part consisted of the professors of macro medical universities in region 1 among whom 15 individuals were selected for designing the policy-making and university autonomy questionnaires using the purposive sampling method, considering the saturation law. In the quantitative part, 320 subjects were selected using a stratified random sampling method from managers and deputies of departments, faculties, department heads, and faculty members of macro medical universities in the health sector of region 3 to examine the relationship between variables. In the qualitative part, the questionnaires were designed and finalized through the Delphi method in two rounds, the experts’ opinions obtained through semi-structured 70-min interviews, and the review of topics and study of theoretical foundations. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire on university policy-making and university autonomy was used for data collection. The SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations.

The results showed that among the various dimensions of policy-making, the component of “university structure” had the greatest impact with R2=0.927, and among the components of university independence, leadership independence had the most impact with R2=0.942 and path coefficient=0.971.

Based on the path coefficients, a factor load of 0.644 was established between the two variables of policy-making and university autonomy which was above average and, therefore, significant. Moreover, since the t-statistic value of 16.247 was established out of the(-2.58, 2.58) range, it can be concluded that the relationship between policy-making and university autonomy in macro medical universities in region 3 was positive and meaningful.

The non -governmental school organization requires the analysis of the system of thinking and permanent repair in the way of policy making for the necessary agility. Politics for education, whether in government or non -governmental sectors, according to Article 110 of the Constitution, must be extensive and comprehensive and prevent the factors that have a negative impact on its changes. The main purpose of the research is to provide a model for policy -making in non -government schools.

Group decision -making technique means that several individuals' opinions are obtained in the process of comparison. The ISM method can be integrated in two ways:Frequent

In this method the majority view is selected as the final opinion. 2- Fashion: If we have several experts, each of which has an SSIM matrix, we must integrate them.The statistical population that was investigated included two part: in the qualitative sector included all policy experts, professors and senior executives in the ministry, with 10 of the interviews, 10, and a little bit; Includes managers, deputies and deputies and 16,000 schools; The sampling method of this community was randomly conducted and dedicated to the three provinces of North Khorasan, Razavi and South. A total of 1140 schools were questioned and questioned through the questionnaire. One of the most important parts of scientific research is the study of data and their analysis. The first section deals with analyzing the data of the qualitative section obtained by the semi -structured interview tool. In this section, the oral statements of each of the interviews will be presented first, and after the verbal propositions, the open codes of each will be determined, and then the central coding of the interviews, based on open face codes, will be based on open face codes. It will be taken and then central codes will become dimensions (selective codes) and ultimately the conceptual research model will be presented in accordance with the above three steps. In the second part; According to the central codes and dimensions identified in the previous section, the researcher -made questionnaire was arranged and after the validity and reliability of the tool and distribution in the statistical population, the data obtained by the ISM method was analyzed.

Selected coding results are: First stage of coding factors: Capital (investment), executive staff (managers, teachers, factors), hardware (educational equipment) macro level (government -approved laws, banking system, tax system, insurance, municipal and urban organizations) environment Wisdom (Partnership Experts, Cultural University Education, Coordination Council, Supervision Council, Specialist Founders), Society (Society Culture, Society's Income, Level of Society Literacy, Special Schools (Gifted Schools, Public Schools).- In the second phase, these factors were finalized using the questionnaire tool and the analysis method.Investment, Government Assistance, Managers, Teachers, Executive Agents, Educational Equipment, Government Laws, Banking System, Tax and Insurance System, Partnerships Experts, Cultural University Training, Constituent Coordination Council, Specialist Founders, Schools, Supervisory Council The variable of the community and the municipal and municipal organizations has been eliminated. In the third step, the final model is provided by the ISM method.The result of this study shows that policy -based policy -based policy is: 0.72 Investment of Government Aid 0.87. 74.74 Teachers Executive Agents 0.75 Educational Equipment 0.81 Government Rules Approved Government System 088/88 Taxes & Tax 73.73 Municipalities and Municipalities and Municipalization Organizations 0/330 Society Partnerships Experts Partnerships 08.8 Coordination University Coordination Council Coordination Council 0.81 Specialized School School School Special Schools 0 The community was 0.65 below the average, which is rejected and accepted.

The non -governmental school organization requires the analysis of the system of thinking and permanent repair in the way of policy making for the necessary agility. Politics for education, whether in government or non -governmental sectors, according to Article 110 of the Constitution, must be extensive and comprehensive and prevent the factors that have a negative impact on its changes. Non -governmental institutions, especially in education, if he wants to think about his survival; It is necessary to pay attention to two basic dimensions. First, one should look at the market and the resulting shots, and in the next step, look at the competition with your fellow citizens. Therefore, in a competitive environment, it is necessary to examine the current situation every day and to increase the student quantity and the quality of education and services; If this is also visible in the units. With the increase in the number of non -governmental students, the revenues of these institutions will also increase, and these institutions will be able to compete with other institutions in today's turbulent and variable world and stand up to their feet. The main purpose of the research is to provide a model for policy -making in non -government schools. Strategies are mostly derived from lower level indicators. The first level is the most effective and sixth level of factor (government laws). Also (investment, expert founders and educational equipment, government assistance and coordination council, special schools, Supervision Council and Partnership Experts) are the most important factors affecting policy making that should be taken into consideration.

The Supreme Leader's expectations from the youth in the field of science and research were expressed and the task for the policy makers was clarified in the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution. The comprehensive scientific map of the country was approved about thirteen years ago, and its updating was emphasized in 2018, therefore, according to the scientific progress and the experiences of the country in the field of science and technology, it should be possible to formulate a new road map for the advancement of the country's science as soon as possible in full coordination with the statement of the second step.

By using qualitative content analysis method the recommendations of the Supreme Leader and top-level documents and scientific documents regarding scientific progress and the number of scientific articles in different fields were examined and challenges and solutions regarding the preparation of the country's scientific road map were presented.

Although the scientific resurrection in recent years, the speed of scientific growth, and the achievement of world records are mentioned in the statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution, but historical backwardness and being behind the peaks have also been mentioned. In this statement, creation of the sources of knowledge, continuing scientific acceleration and scientific endeavor are strongly recommended.

Considering the intense competition in scientific acceleration that has arisen in the world, our country should be able to realize the second step with a prudent scientific road map and in accordance with the statement. One of the most important scientific fields of the country is the field of health, in which its progress is rapidly emerging in the society. Therefore, the roadmap should have a schedule and measurable goals. Designing a ten-year map intelligently for this very important scientific field can promote the Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the great powers of the world in the near future.

 Halal tourism is a type of tourism that expands according to the religious standards of Muslims. But this policy regarding halal tourism in our country, Iran, has not been given as much attention as it should, and this gap is tangible in the planning on halal tourism. The research aims to investigate the implementation model of halal tourism policies in Iran to attract Muslim tourists to the extent of their capacities.

 The method (qualitative and quantitative) has been used among the community of experts who are aware of the halal tourism policy based on a sample size of 30 people. Since the real experiences of people were examined in this research, the phenomenological (inductive) method was used in the qualitative part. After interviewing the experts in this field and using Claysey's interview method, the main and secondary themes regarding tourism policies were also counted. Also, in the quantitative section, the main and secondary themes were reviewed in the form of a questionnaire by 133 professors and faculty members in this field.

 Halal tourism in Iran is based on the permissibility of the policy of halal tourism in Iran, the effect of the nature of the policy, the effect of the factors related to the implementers, the obstacles to the implementation of the requirements, the method of implementation, the role and relationship of the society with the issue of model design, implementation and the role of the factors of compilation and taking from Halal tourism has been approved in Iran.

In terms of cultural, historical, and social richness and the human need for travel, recreation, and in accordance with Islamic standards, the patterns and policies of halal tourism in Iran will be useful.