جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عروق کرونر » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Instruction: Angiography is a common diagnostic method for coronary artery disease. Because of the potential for complications of the femoral incision after angiography procedure, patients should rest in bed, which generally takes more than 24 hours. Restricted movement after long-term coronary angiography may cause back pain, bleeding, and dissatisfaction in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different postural changes on the complications of sheath removal after femoral angiography.

This review study was performed using keywords “Angiography”, “Position change” and “Complications”, and a comprehensive search of the databases of Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Iranmedex and Irandoc from 2000 to 2020.

The results of 13 studies showed that early ambulation and postural correction after coronary angiography is two of the effective ways to reduce back pain and increase patients’ comfort. Although they do not make a significant difference in reducing bleeding, they do not generally increase it. Discussion and

This review showed that with a 15- to 45-degree bed angle for 4 to 6 hours after angiography or rest in various position, patients can be discharged faster from the hospital, suffering less back pain without change in bleeding and experiencing a higher level of relaxation and satisfaction

Coronary artery disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and it frequently causes myocardial infarction. It causes billions of dollars in property damage and millions of deaths worldwide every year. The standard method for diagnosing cardiovascular disease is angiography, which is invasive and dangerous. A machine learning system has been widely used as a fast, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach to the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to use a support vector machine algorithm to predict coronary heart disease in active middle-aged women. In this study, the medical records of 372 middle-aged women with coronary artery disease who were hospitalized in two selected hospitals during 2015-2016 were used. A support vector machine algorithm was used to diagnose coronary artery disease. MATLAB software was used for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that by using medical records containing 14 common features, related to anthropometric information, diagnostic tests, angiography results, and physical activity, the support vector machine algorithm can detect vascular diseases with 70% accuracy and 76% precision. The use of a machine learning approach provides the ability to predict the presence of coronary artery disease with high accuracy and sensitivity. Therefore, it allows doctors to provide timely preventive treatment in patients with coronary artery disease.

Angiography is a common and invasive method in diagnosing cardiovasculardiseases. Some patients refuse to perform angiography due to reasons such as fear, high cost, and lackof confidence in the decision of physician for angiography. This study aims to determine the factorspredicting coronary artery occlusion to predict the outcome of angiography.

In this cross-sectional study, participants were 1187 patients received angiographyin Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Demographic data, lipid profile, blood sugar level, and history ofunderlying disorders were used in two prediction models of logistic regression and zero-inflated negativebinomial (NB), fitted using R3.6.1 software. Then, their sensitivity and specificity were compared.

Of 1187 patients, 404 (34%) had negative angiography. The results of both models showed thatthe risk of positive angiography was significantly higher in male and diabetic patients. The risk increasedwith the increase of age. The area under the ROC curve (sensitivity and specificity) for logistic regressionand zero-inflated NB models were 78.4(70.4%, 70.5%) and 78.2(71.4%, 71.5%).

Age, gender, smoking, and history of diabetes are significant predictors of the angiographyoutcome. There is no significant difference between logistic regression and zero-inflated NB models inpredicting the outcome of angiography. Due to the ease of use of logistic regression model, it can beused to predict the results of angiography.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. Globally, 30% of deaths (approximately 17 million deaths per year) are attributable to cardiovascular diseases. In 2006 alone, the estimated total direct and indirect costs associated with the treatment of cardiovascular diseases exceeded 400 billion dollars. Currently, in Iran, insurance organizations only bear a limited part of cardiac rehabilitation costs, while taking into account the impact of these programs in secondary prevention and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and as a result reducing the treatment costs imposed on this Organizations will focus on covering cardiac rehabilitation programs both for the benefit of the patient and for the benefit of the insurance organizations. According to the mentioned studies and many other studies and the high and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Iran, and on the other hand, the clinical advantages of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery transplant patients, including secondary prevention and preventing disease recurrence and improving the quality of life, are necessary and The importance of this research is clear. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death all over the world, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation on the functional indices of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, vo2max and MEt functional capacity in male patients 55 Coronary artery transplant surgery up to 70 years old.

The research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of this research consisted of 120 male coronary artery transplant patients aged 55 to 70 years who referred to the Sari Heart Center. The statistical sample included 40 people who lived in Sari city and underwent coronary artery transplant surgery for at least 2 months and at most 4 months. Then they were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups of 20 people, control and therapeutic intervention of cardio sports rehabilitation. In this research, in order to measure the resting heart rate HR H before the test of two control and cardio exercise rehabilitation groups, therefore the best time to determine the heart rate in the morning after waking up is one hour after breakfast and without intense physical activity in a state of rest. For 20 minutes, the subjects of the two groups sat on a chair and were measured. All the subjects were advised to sleep early the night before and avoid any kind of stress. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the two groups were measured before the test using a dial sphygmomanometer. The time of assessment was two hours after breakfast, and the subjects were advised to refrain from smoking, vigorous physical activity, and drinking for one hour before any use of cigarettes. Avoid coffee and caffeinated drinks and sit quietly for 20 minutes and wear comfortable clothes. 12 hours before the test, blood lipid profile was taken from the subjects of both the control and cardiac rehabilitation groups fasting. The sample required for the test was 10 cc from the brachial vein immediately without delay for the actual values ​​after lying on the bed. 24 hours. Before the test, in consultation with a cardiologist, reduce the dose of heart and blood pressure medications such as Inderal and Atenolol. Also, asthmatic patients should carry a special spray and wear comfortable clothes and shoes for the test, and avoid caffeinated drinks and cigarettes 24 hours before. Cardio sports rehabilitation program consisted of 24 sessions 3 days a week for 2 months, which included 15 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of treadmill and 20 minutes of stationary bike, and 20 minutes of stationary bike and 15 minutes of cooling down. To investigate and compare pre-test and post-test variables between two groups, independent parametric t-test was used. Data analysis was done using spss software. The significance level was p<0.5.

The results showed that eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation has an effect on the improvement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), improvement of heart rate and improvement of vo2max and MEt functional capacity in male patients aged 55 to 70 undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

The findings of the current research have shown the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation course on the improvement of hemodynamic indicators and functional capacity, considering the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the country, and on the other hand, the high per capita consumption of drugs and their high costs, and the high importance of cardiac sports rehabilitation in improving The quality of life of heart patients, including coronary artery transplantation, is necessary and necessary to pay more attention to the category of cardiac rehabilitation and to build clinics and centers for it. The findings showed that cardio sports rehabilitation reduces the risk of coronary atherosclerosis by improving heart rate and as a result of heart attack and ischemic diseases. In order to control the risk factors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), it is suggested to periodically use cardiac rehabilitation programs for their treatment.

Patients' adherence to treatment is one of the behaviors that can reduce the negative effects and severity of coronary artery disease.This study aimed todetermine the effect of educational program based on information, motivation, and behavioral skills model on adherence to treatment of patients after coronary angioplasty.

This experimental study was performed on 80 patients who underwent angioplasty at least 9 months ago. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method from among the eligible patients referred to the specialized heart clinic of Razi Hospital in Birjand in 2020. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40, experimental and control using a table of random numbers. The experimental group was trained in 6 sessions of 60-90 minutes based on information, motivation, and behavioral skills model. The control group received routine care. Then, the study instrument was completed for all participants immediately and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

There was a significant difference between the mean score of adherence to treatment at the time immediately (4.01±0.22) and one month after the intervention (3.93±0.25) compared to the time before the intervention (3.66±0.39) in the experimental group (p <0.001). The mean score of components of trust in treatment, adaptability, integration of treatment with life, and commitment to treatment significantly increased in the experimental group immediately and one month after intervention (p < 0.05). Also, the components of willingness to participate in treatment and stick to the treatment showed a significant increase in the experimental group after the intervention (p < 0.05).

An educational program based on information, motivation, and behavioral skills model can be considered by nurses, physicians, and relevant managers to promote the concept of adherence to treatment in patients after angioplasty.

Coronary artery disease is one of the most progressive diseases in society, the negative consequences of which affect the mental health of women as one of the most important members of the family and society; Therefore, psychological therapies can be an opportunity without negative consequences in their mental repair. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in comparison with positive therapy on depressive symptoms, psychological well-being and purpose in life.

The research method is quasi-experimental and is a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes female patients referred to Dr. Pourabrahim's office who had coronary artery occlusion and are available using sampling method. The collection tool includes a questionnaire and a protocol.

The results showed that metacognitive and positive therapies are effective on depressive symptoms, psychological well-being and purpose in life. Metacognitive therapy differs from positive therapy in psychological well-being. There is a difference between metacognitive therapy and positive goal-oriented therapy in life.

Therefore, it is concluded that according to the obtained averages, metacognitive treatment has a greater impact on the symptoms of depression and psychological well-being and purpose in the life of women with coronary artery disease, and this requires more attention of trustees to strengthen And the use of therapies in the psychological improvement of patients.

After performing femoral angiography to prevent the occurrence of vascular complications due to femoral incision, patients should rest in bed for about 24 hours. Restriction of movement after coronary angiography causes some discomfort in patients. It seems that changing patientschr('39') status can affect feeling comfort in them.

The effectiveness of different methods for changing the position patient’s comfort following the removal of the sheet after femoral angiography has been compared.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 72 patients with coronary artery disease under cardiac catheterization who were eligible to include in the study were selected with conscious and targeted consent, then randomly assigned to intervention and allocation control groups. In the intervention group, from the first hour after the intervention, the angle of the bed gradually extended to 45 degrees in the fourth hour. Then, comfort was assessed through a visual analog scale in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 through descriptive statistics (indices of central tendency and dispersion) and analytical statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test and analysis of variance of repeated measures). The significance level was considered 0.05.

There was no significant difference between the comfort of the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P= 0.057), but from the second to the sixth hour after the intervention, the comfort of the patients in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control scores (P<0/001). Variation analysis of repeated measurements showed that patientschr('39') comfort in the intervention group increased significantly in the second hour until the end of the study (P= 0.04). In the control group, patientschr('39') comfort level was almost constant (P= 0.2) and this trend was not statistically significant.

Patients undergoing different resting methods with a change in bed angle of 15 to 45 degrees in the range of 4 to 6 hours after angiography can be discharged from the hospital faster and feel more comfortable after angiography.

Although angiography is applied as a standard method for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, it is a stressful experience for patients. Medication therapy for mitigating the pre-operation stress includes side effects.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of auriculotherapy on the level of stress before coronary angiography in male patients hospitalized in the selected Aja hospital in Tehran.

This single-blinded clinical trial study was performed on 94 male patients undergoing coronary angiography in 2019. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and divided into intervention and control groups by random sampling method The DASS_21 Stress, Anxiety and Depression questionnaire were used to measure stress. The DASS-21 questionnaire subscale was completed by patients in both intervention and control groups. Auriculotherapy was performed by the researcher 60 minutes before angiography. Stress levels were measured again in both groups ten minutes after the intervention, In the control group, ear massage was performed on false points. In the present study, SPSS-21 was used for data analysis, and the Significance level was considered less than 0.05. (P<0.05).

There was no significant difference between groups before and after the intervention (P=0.197). Patients’ stress after auriculotherapy in the intervention group (2.98 ± 0.37) was significantly lower than that before auriculotherapy (4.17 ± 0.44) (P = 0.001); Stress was not significantly different in the control group (3.32 ± 0.40) before and after the intervention (3.0 ± 15.40) (P= 0.373). But the level of stress in the intervention group after auriculotherapy was insignificantly reduced compared to the control group (P= 0.790). Discussion and

The results showed that auriculotherapy can mitigate stress in patients undergoing angiography; therefore, this complementary method can be used to mitigate stress in these patients. Further studies with more sample size are recommended.

Serum Klotho is suggested to have protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. Nitric oxide production and preventing of oxidative stress have been suggested as its possible mechanisms of action. In this study we aimed to evaluate the association between serum Klotho level and cardiovascular diseases.

According to coronary angiography results, 40 patients with normal coronary artery and 40 patients with coronary artery disease included in this study. Serum Klotho level and laboratory data were analyzed for each patient and the association between serum Klotho level and coronary artery disease was evaluated.

Our results showed that Serum Klotho level in patients with 1 vessle, 2 vessle and 3 vessel disease was 2.16± 0.2, 2.2±0.13, 1.98±0.2 mIU/L respectively. (P value=0.02) The plasma Klotho concentration was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease.

Serum Klotho level can be a useful marker for evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.

Clinical disorder of coronary artery disease is mainly due to atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. The process of atherosclerosis is an inflammatory response to endothelial damage of the artery wall. Biomechanical factors and hemodynamic damages are the main causes of endothelial tissue damage. The spread of atherosclerosis can lead to destruction and sometimes loss of heart function. The purpose of the current study was to provide a systematic review of the studies conducted to investigate the effect of exercise rehabilitation on the coronary artery biomechanical variables of atherosclerotic patients.

In the present study, after a thorough search among relevant articles published in reliable databases such as Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, Springer, SID and Magiran published between 1998-2018 in two English and Persian languages using the terms exercise rehabilitation, biomechanics, atherosclerosis, and coronary arteries, a total of 38 articles with direct relevance to the subject under the study were selected for the analysis.

A review of the findings in these studies suggests that, due to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, the structure of vascular wall and the nature of its constituent parts become hard and thick. In addition, with the development of atherosclerosis, blood flow changes from a laminar state to turbulent one. Mechanical forces on the vascular wall, including shearing stresses of blood flow on the lumen of vessel and the peripheral stresses due to blood pressure, with the advancement of atherosclerotic lesions, change the pattern and add to the severity of disease. Studies have shown that the effects of exercise rehabilitation on atherosclerotic patients include morphological changes that lead to improved blood flow. Increased shear stress levels due to exercise result in decreased vascular resistance and increased tissue perfusion, reduced arterial stiffness, increased vasodilation capacity, increased artery lumen diameter, increased proliferation of atherosclerotic plaque, and improved angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Exercise rehabilitation reduces disability, reduces the need for interventional procedures, improves cardiovascular risk factors profile, improves the new myocardial vessels formation, reduces mortality, and improves quality of life. In addition, combined exercises (aerobic-resistance) are also superior to aerobic exercises or resistance exercises alone.

According to the results, exercise rehabilitation, while preventing the development of atherosclerosis and protecting against major cardiovascular events, improves all coronary artery biomechanical variables and patients are in a relatively stable condition. In addition, all studies support that point that the exercises should be performed regularly and preferably during the week with high moderate intensity and in combination.

Adhesion molecules play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the type of training may affect the response to these indicators. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a continuous versus interval aerobic training session on plasma levels of intercellular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules 1 (VCAM-1) in patients with coronary artery disease.

In this quasi-experimental study, 9 women with coronary artery disease participated in pre-test and two stages of post-test design (interval and continuous). Continuing training program included running or walking for 30 minutes with an intensity of 60% of maximum heart rate. Therefore, interval training included 30 minutes of walking or running with variable intensity between 50% and 80% peak heart rate. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 serum levels were measured in scale of ng/ml by ELISA. Results were analyzed by SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; version 24 and repeated measures test were used at a significant level of P≤0.05.

One session of continuous and interval training didn’t show significant differences in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 serum levels. So that the ICAM-1 levels were obtained (233.6 ± 0.1) after continuous training and (230.4 ± 1) after interval training (P= 0.186). In addition, VCAM-1 levels were observed (163.3 ± 7.0) after continuous training and (194.8 ± 6.9) after interval training (P= 0.121).

One session of training stimulates inflammatory pathways in coronary artery disease patients. Based on the results of this study, the effect of continuous aerobic training on the levels of adherent molecules cannot be determined certainty and more research is needed.

Todays, coronary artery disease is one of the most important health issues. Antioxidants are the agents that can play important role in reducing cardiovascular diseases. The present study was done to determine the effect of resveratrol supplementation during rehabilitation exercises training on systemic inflammation factors in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery.

This clinical trial study was done on 40 patients after coronary artery bypass surgery in the heart rehabilitation center of Farshchian cardiovascular specialist hospital in Hamadan, Iran during 2016. Patients randomly assigned into four groups including control (Con; n=10), resveratrol supplementation (RS; n=10), rehabilitation exercise training (RXT; n=10), and resveratrol supplements-cardiac rehabilitation exercise training (REX; n=10). Rehabilitation exercise training was done in nonconsecutive three sessions for eight weeks in the form of endurance training at 50-70% HRmax for 15-20 min, and resistance training at 20-50 one-repetition maximum (1RM). The number of repetitions was 8-15 reps, where done based on the capacity and ability of the subject, while the subjects in supplement groups consumed daily 400 mg of resveratrol. Blood sample was done before and 48 hours after exercise training and supplementation, and concentrations of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in the plasma.

CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly reduced in resveratrol supplements-cardiac rehabilitation exercise training group in compared to control, resveratrol supplementation and rehabilitation exercise training groups (P˂0.05).

This study showed that combination of consuming resveratrol with rehabilitation exercise training in reducing some inflammatory factors was evaluated selectively, more effective than rehabilitation exercise training and resveratrol supplementation alone.

Previous studies have been demonstrated the effect of fasting insulin concentration in coronary artery disease of patients with diabetes mellitus. Because of discrepancy in recent studies about this association in non-diabetic patients, we evaluated this effect. In this cross-sectional study, coronary artery angiography was done for 110 non-diabetic patients, and they were divided into two groups of normal coronary artery as control group and those with coronary artery stenosis as case group. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and insulin were evaluated after 12 hours fasting period. One-way ANOVA and t tests were used for statistical analysis. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) in non-diabetic patients with and without coronary artery disease was 94.4 ± 14.9 and 90.52 ± 13.82 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.150). The mean insulin concentration was 12.77 ± 3.29 mIU/l in case and 7.01 ± 3.25 mIU/l in control group (P = 0.001). We did not find any difference between men and women according to their fasting insulin concentration (P = 0.210). Higher serum level of fasting insulin seems to have correlation with coronary artery disease in non-diabetic patients; but further studies with larger population study are needed for better evaluation.

The data is a foundation for decision-making in health care and must be organized in databases. Database has a vital role in application of intelligent systems such as data mining and data warehousing in healthcare area. Given the importance of coronary heart disease, this study executes design and implementation of database for coronary heart disease. This study was an applied-developed one to design of coronary heart disease database to organize data and implement it in the Microsoft SQL. After the identification and characterization of the requirements, the database system designs and explains its architecture. To implement the system interface, the Visual Studio and C # programming language were used. Finally, the system was evaluated. After recording the 350 data files in the database, according to statements made to the program, different queries were requested from the system. The proposed system in this study captured the risk factors affecting the incidence of coronary artery disease as an input and facilitate applied statistics and provided necessary processing on the data. The designed database in this study can help to store, access, retrieve and compare patient information, and ultimately leads to timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Furthermore, the designed database is to meet the needs of users.

Coronary artery disease is the cause of most disabilities and deaths in the world. It has been more than two decades since stent technology was introduced and has proved to be useful in preventing coronary thrombosis and restenosis compared to balloon angioplasty. When permanent metal implant is used, this medical device would affect internal walls of blood vessels which would result in late healing process of endothelial. Delay in reconstruction of endothelial might lead to stent thrombosis. In recent years, drug eluting stents have played a revolutionary role in treating coronary artery diseases. These stents are invented to reduce risk of artery stenosis in treating coronary artery diseases. Drug delivery stents are important medical options for patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease and have been successful in suppressing uncontrollable neo-intima proliferation in response to successful stenting. Although improvement due to using drug eluting stents have had significant progress in reducing intra-stent restenosis compared to metallic bare stents, long term safety related to using these stents including location selection, high systemic irritant and stent late thrombosis still exists. However this complexity mechanism is still unknown. Therefore in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, bioresorbable scaffolds have been innovated to overcome this limitation. This equipment provides temporary scaffolds and they disappear as time goes by. These scaffolds are made of bioresorbable polymers and metallic alloys. The absorbed stent must carry out duty it is designed for in a specific time, have drug delivery and gradually absorbs in the body and disappears. Magnesium is an essential mineral material required for different physiological functions in human body. Magnesium alloy used in making this scaffold is bioresorbable and its strength to weight is comparable to strong steels. Hence, a magnesium scaffold has required radial strength to destroy atherosclerotic narrowing and is capable of keeping lumen coronary open. Moreover magnesium has antithrombogenic properties in bodies. In this study, their advantages and disadvantages have been investigated and bioresorbable stents and magnesium nano-hybrid stents will be introduced as a new method.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the Non-contagious leading cause of mortality worldwide, as more than 1 million heart attacks and strokes occur every year, of which about 30% of them die. The use of invasive methods such as angiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease has been reached with high costs due to the cost of this method and its complications, and on the other hand, non-invasive methods such as echocardiography is more cost-effective and has fewer side effects.

This descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in selected hospitals in Yazd in the second six months of 2014. All cases were collected from patients admitted for angiography and echocardiography, and in total 1801 records/files were submitted for examination.

Assessment of patient’s records indicated, the echocardiography results in 38% of patients and exercise test results in 30% of the patients and the result of the angiography in 72% of patients, were abnormal .

The results showed that, 38% of the echocardiographic results and 72% of the angiographic results were abnormal. Performing non-invasive tests, such as echocardiography and exercise testing, resulted in a loss of cost due to a small number of positive cases and also may cause an anxious in patients. This result has been shown more likely in women and young individuals.

Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are psycho-physiological disorders. In addition to physical problems, psychosocial factors play an important role in its development and intensification. The purpose of this study was to compare the emotion regulation, self-control and defense mechanisms in patients with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and normal subjects.
The present study was a post-event causal-comparative study and the statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of cardiovascular patients, diabetic patients and normal people. 40 patients with Coronary Heart Disease, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes, were matched with 40 normal subjects in the variables such as age, gender, education, and marital status. The research instrument was a questionnaire of Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ-10) and self-control questionnaire (SC-13). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.
The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the variables reappraisal (P Considering the findings of this research, emotional regulation training, stress management and self-control can be used to promote the Psychiatric Nursing of cardiovascular patients and diabetic patients.

Visual acuity has an important role in the elderly’s communication with the environment. Cataract is a major cause of reduced visual acuity in the elderly, which can be treated only through surgery. Like in any other surgery, the elderly who should undergo cataract surgery experience a lot of anxiety. Relaxation techniques are of the procedures that can lead to stress reduction and create comfort and relaxated people. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided imagery on pre-operation anxiety and hemodyna mic factors in the elderly undergoing cataract surgery.
The present randomized clinical trial recruited 50 elderly patients undergoing cataract surgery who met the inclusion criteria in the period of August to December 2014 through purposive sampling from patients at Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, and randomly assigned them to the case and control groups. The control group received routine care and the case group received guided imagery using an audio file. Spielberger’s anxiety inventory and checklist of physiological changes were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using statistical tests by SPSS 16 software at a desirable significance level, independent t tests, chi-square test, fisher exact test and ANOVA.
The mean of hemodynamic factors did not significantly differ in the two groups before intervention (p>0.05), but significantly reduced systole blood pressure (p Guided imagery can effectively reduce physiological responses of anxiety before surgery in the elderly. Hence, it is suggested that clinical nurses and nursing students use it for better nursing services.

Coronary artery patiets face to important issues that mental health problems such as death anxiety are some of these problems that majority of patient's experience. Thus, they will cause the reduction of the quality of life and increased risk of death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing death anxiety in women suffering coronary artery disease.
This study was a semi-experimental, two-group, and three-step study that conducted on 30 women suffering from coronary artery disease that were assigned randomly into 2 groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training eight 2-hour sessions and each session in a week. Tool of collecting data was Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970) and in order to achieve results in the SPSS software, analysis of covariance and moderation mean was used.
The findings of the present study showed a significant effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the reduction of death anxiety level (P Due to the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing of death anxiety level and continuity its effects, it seems necessary the use of these techniques at all levels of prevention and treatment of suffering from physical illness.

Interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity in the liver, bile ducts and intestines is one of the complications of myocardial perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of water, milk and natural lemon juice on liver secretion and reduction of 99mTc-sestamibi radiopharmaceutical radiation in this type of imaging.
This clinical study was performed on 100 female patients referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol for myocardial perfusion imaging using SPECT method. These patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: patients receiving no drink (group 1), patients receiving 250 ml water (group 2), patients receiving 250 ml high-fat milk (group 3), and patients receiving 250 ml diluted lemon juice was (group 4). After measuring heart and liver absorption, their ratio was calculated (heart/liver). The rate of reduction of interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity after the use of these drinks in different groups was evaluated based on visual and semi-quantitative assessments.
Finding:The four studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, weight, and body mass index. The H/L ratio in group 1 was 0.13±0.038, in the group 2 was 0.15±0.039, in the group 3 was 0.17±0.055 and in the group 4 was 0.15 ± 0.039. Statistical analysis showed that interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity was only significant in group 3 in comparison with group 1 (p=0.027). In addition, based on visual and semi-quantitative assessments of raw data, only in group 3, 18 out of 25 patients had less interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity, which was significant compared to group 1 (p=0.001).
The results of the study showed that drinking at least 250 ml high-fat milk can reduce the interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity.