جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Consuming the preloads reduce energy intake within a meal, but no investigation has assessed the changes of body weight and cardiovascular (CVD) risks by consuming preload during a long term among overweight and obese subjects. This randomized controlled parallel clinical trial conducted among 60 participants (25 men and 35 women) to consume a low-calorie diet with similar content of macronutrients, for 3 months. Subjects in preload group were asked to consume vegetable salad, yogurt and water 15 minutes before the main meal while subjects in control group served vegetable salad and yogurt with meal.Findings Energy intake and carbohydrate consumption were consumed in higher amounts by control group. Body weight and waist circumference decrement were greater in preload group rather than control group (-7.8±0.5% vs -4.6±0.59% and -2.7±0.2% vs -1.6±0.1% respectively; P<0.05). Triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in preload group decreased -5.7±1.1%, -3.1±0.53% and -4.4±0.4%, respectively; P<0.05 for all, while in control group corresponding values were -2.2±0.9%, -1.2±0.59% and -2.6±0.3%, respectively. The percent changes of fasting blood sugar and LDL-c were significant only in preload group (-7.1% vs. -1.0% and -4.03% vs. -1.06%, respectively; P<0.05). Consuming vegetable salad, yogurt and water before the main meal has more beneficial effects on anthropometric measures and CVD risks than consuming them with main meal among overweight and obese subjects.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the 10 leading causes of death in the world and the first leading cause of death in Iran. Controlling the risk factors for these diseases can reduce more than 50% of disabilities resulted from these illnesses. In this regard، it is important to consider the behaviors associated with individuals’ lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to review the studies that have used educational interventions in order to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases، based on methods، application of models، and theories of health education and health promotion and the effect of intervention on reducing risk factors. Electronic search of databases was performed using the key words in English and Persian. Databases reviewed were، Scientific Information Database (SID)، Iran Medex، PubMed، Ebsco and Cochrane. The databases search was conducted from February 2012 to May 2012. Interventions to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were divided into two types based on use of models and theories of health education and without use of models and theories of health education. In the 19 articles reviewed، 9 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education،and 10 studies did not use theories and models of health education. The results indicate that training based on theories and models of health education and using the standardized programs have a greater impact on reducing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Time، place and length of intervention، the characteristics of the individuals and use of modern methods of training are important for some of the audience with regard to the effectiveness of the training in order to reduce risk factors.

Overweight and obesity are worldwide problems which are also associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. High protein diets are one of the approaches in weight loss that emphasize on the improvement of the cardiovascular risks. The aim of the present study was reviewing the evidences regarding the effects of high protein diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

We searched in PubMed search engine from 2002 to October 2011, by limiting the title using the following key words: weight loss, lipid profile, triglyceride, high or low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, glucose level, and high protein diet. Totally, 25 clinical trials (parallel or crossover) were recruited in this review.

Consumption of high protein diet (22-35 percent) affects weight loss, reducing serum glucose level, and improving lipid profile [low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol]. High protein diet may have useful effects on weight loss more than diet with the normal amount of protein. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels may improve more in high protein diet with low fat animal protein sources and vegetable proteins.

High protein diet positively improve cardiovascular disease risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and serum glucose level.

Since no evidence has been found regarding the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) on cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients, this study was conducted to investigate the possible effects. A randomized crossover clinical trial was undertaken on 31 type 2 diabetic patients. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The participants were randomly selected to go on a control diet or DASH diet. After following the DASH eating pattern, body weight (P = 0.007) and waist circumference (P = 0.002) were reduced significantly. Fasting blood glucose levels and A1C decreased after adoption of the DASH diet (-29.4 ± 6.3 mg/dl; P = 0.04 and -1.7 ± 0.1%; P = 0.04, respectively). After the DASH diet, the mean change of HDL cholesterol levels was increased (4.3 ± 0.9 mg/dl; P = 0.001) and LDL cholesterol was reduced (-17.2 ± 3.5 mg/dl; P = 0.02). Additionally, DASH had beneficial effects on systolic (-13.6 ± 3.5 vs. -3.1 ± 2.7 mmHg; P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (-9.5 ± 2.6 vs. -0.7 ± 3.3 mmHg; P = 0.04). Among diabetic patients, the DASH diet had beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

Contrary to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in different age groups, most previously published educational programs for diabetic patients have been conducted for young or newly diagnosed patients. This study was performed to determine the effect of nutrition education programs on metabolic, anthropometric and blood-pressure indices of elderly individuals, aged above 60 years with type 2 diabetes. A hundred elderly diabetic patients participated in this interventional study. Data on the control and intervention groups was collected in two stages, before and 12 weeks after intervention. Intervention of nutrition education was performed based on the BASNEF model and, data collected were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test and the paired t-test. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in body weight (-1.3 kg), body mass index (-.48 kg/m2), triglycerides (−18.25 mg/dl), fasting plasma glucose (−19.5mg/dl), and HbA1c (-.36%). A decrease in HDL (-1.02mg/dl, P=. 9) and LDL (-4.04, P=.2) was also observed in the interventional group, although the change was not significant. No significant differences were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Based on the results of the present study, short-term nutrition education can improve biochemical and anthropometric indice of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fructose intake and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Tehranian adults.

This study was conducted using data from adults, aged 19-70 years, who participated in the third phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 food items. The sum of natural dietary fructose in fruits and vegetables, and fructose in industrialized foods containing added sweeteners, was calculated as total dietary fructose.

Forty-five and fifty-five percent of participants were men and women, with mean ages of 40.5±13.6 and 38.6±12.8 years, respectively. Mean dietary intakes of total fructose were 46.5±24.5 g/d in men and 37.3±24.2 g/d in women. Significant positive associations were observed between dietary fructose intake and body mass index (β=0.03 and 0.11, p<0.001, in men and women respectively), systolic blood pressure (β=0.09 and 0.12, p<0.01, in men and women respectively), diastolic blood pressure (β=0.13 and 0.80, p<0.01, in men and women respectively) and fasting blood glucose in men (β=0.01, p<0.05).

Dietary fructose intake may have adverse effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

To determine the effects of long term moderate fat diet (30% of energy from fat) vs low fat (20% of energy from fat) diet on metabolic risks. A randomized, prospective 14-month trial on overweight and obese patients, a total of 89 overweight and obese men and women. Intervention: (1) Moderate-fat diet (30% of energy), (2) Low fat diet (20% of energy). Main Outcome Measurements: Change in body weight, waist circumference, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 45 subjects on a moderate fat diet and 44 subjects, on a low fat one were studied. Characteristics of all randomized participants were similar in both groups. After 7 months the moderate and low fat diets had similar effects on cardiovascular risks. The moderate fat diet was more successful after 14 months in reducing weight (-5.0±2.5 kg in the moderate group vs –1.2±1.1 kg in the low fat one p<0.0001), waist circumference (-5.5±2.4 cm in the moderate group vs – 2.3±1.3 cm in the low fat one p<0.0001), and other cardiovascular risk factors as well(LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure). A moderate fat diet, controlled for energy intake long term might have more beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors as compared to a low-fat diet.