جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عوامل خطرزا" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

With the increasing popularity and number of participants in volleyball, the extent of the injury is increasing. Due to the lack of prospects for research in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran and ways to prevent them, the purpose of this review study was to clarify the future research needs in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran.

To identify the research, databases such as SID, Magiran, Noormags, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed using the keywords “volleyball injury”, “epidemiology”, “risk factors”, “mechanism”, “prevention protocol” were used. It was articles published until 20 February 2021.

Finally, according to the research strategy, 21 articles remained eligible for the study. Among these 17 articles were mainly epidemiologic and relevant to risk factors and only 4 articles related to injury prevention strategy.

Most studies in the field of volleyball injuries in Iran were epidemiologic and relevant to risk factors. As a result, the need for more comprehensive epidemiological studies and studies conducted to investigate the mechanism of injury and especially research that provides volleyball injury prevention programs along with their evaluation felt.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of adult mortality in many developing countries. This study aims to compare the estimation of the ten-year relative risk of cardiovascular events using the Framingham criteria with a native model.

This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014, focusing on the adult population (≥16 years) of Mashhad. Stratified random cluster sampling was employed to gather participants' information based on Framingham's criteria. Data mining, utilizing the decision tree algorithm design, was evaluated using Rapidminer v5.3 software and the cross-validation method.

Out of 2978 individuals, 1930 (64.9%) were women and 1041 (35.1%) were men, with a mean age of 43.5±14.7. Applying the Framingham criteria, the ten-year risk levels of cardiovascular disease were estimated as follows: 77.8% at a low-risk level, 13.4% at a medium-risk level, and 8.8% at a high-risk level. Regarding data mining, model number (1) achieved an accuracy of 79.56%, indicating that the predicted risk levels using the Framingham algorithm matched the observed values at 95.24% for the low-risk level, 90.8% for the medium-risk level, and 33.13% for the high-risk level. As for model number (2), an accuracy of 82.78% was obtained, with the matching values being 98.20% for the low-risk level, 0.42% for the medium-risk level, and 53.01% for the high-risk level.

The Framingham criteria demonstrate limited effectiveness in predicting medium and high-risk levels in the Mashhad population. According to the local model, smoking and high blood pressure in adulthood are the most significant factors in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases in young individuals.

Background and Aims :

Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis (DRA) is defined as the separation of two bulks of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle and is highly related to pregnancy and childbirth. Because of the lack of enough knowledge about DRA, the present study aimed to review the articles on the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of DRA in women.

Methods:

 A search strategy using Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus from 2000 to 2021 was developed with keywords related to DRA and its prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and evaluation methods.

Results:

 Finally, 28 articles were selected. A literature review showed that the most common site for DRA is above the navel and its prevalence in pregnant women is 30-70%. Increasing maternal age and more deliveries increase the risk of DRA. However, factors, such as type of delivery, multiple births, and lack of exercise have also been suggested as risk factors. Consequences of DRA include changes in the appearance of protruding abdomen and decreased strength of the trunk muscles. Pelvic floor dysfunction and low back pain can also be associated with DRA.

Conclusion:

 A significant percentage of women experience DRA after childbirth. This condition can cause problems for the mother, such as pain, deformity, or decreased strength of the trunk muscles.

Autism spectrum disorder is one of the most common forms of pervasive developmental disorders and it is introduced as one of the most serious and unrecognized disorders in childhood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the risk factors during pregnancy for autism spectrum disorders.

The sample size was 310 subjects (109 girls and 201 boys) who were selected using the available sampling method. The researcher collected information using The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Visual analysis and percentage index were used to analyze the data.

Factors such as maternal disease, drug use during pregnancy, maternal seasonal sensitivity, second child, single child, prematurity, jaundice during pregnancy, triple vaccination, MMR vaccine, history of NICU and incubator, maternal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, history of the ruptured bladder during pregnancy, history of thyroid, Maternal overweight, history of varicose veins during pregnancy, history of nausea, having surgery during pregnancy, stress during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, unwanted pregnancy, iron deficiency during pregnancy, family relationship, family problems, phototherapy, and neonatal overweight were identified. According to the percentage index, MMR vaccine history with 91% and diabetes during pregnancy with 27% had the highest and lowest prevalence, respectively.

Findings from this study showed that some factors during pregnancy are more common in children with the autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, effective preventive therapy and treatment can be considered. It is also suggested that experts and officials in this field plan related screenings.

 Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the main cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. Technologies such as data mining, have enabled experts in this area to improve decision making in the early diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an automatic diagnostic model for breast cancer by employing data mining methods and selecting the model with the highest accuracy of diagnosis.

 In this study, 654 available patient records of Motahari breast cancer Clinic in Shiraz" were used as the sample. The number of records was reduced to 621 after the pre-processing operation. These samples had 22 features that ultimately used ten were used as effective features in the design of the model. Three types of Decision tree, Naive Bayes and Artificial neural network were used for diagnosis of breast cancer and 10-fold cross-validation method for constructing and evaluating the model on the collected data set.

 The results of the three techniques mentioned all three models showed promising results in detecting breast cancer. Finally, the artificial neural network accounted for the highest accuracy of 94/49%(sensitivity 96/19%, specificity 86/36%) in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

  Based on the results of the decision tree, the risk factors such as age, weight, Age of menstruation, menopause, OCP of records duration, and the age of the first pregnancy were among the factors affecting the incidence of breast cancer in women.

  Pulmonary embolism is a potentially fatal and prevalent event that has led to a gradual increase in the number of hospitalizations in recent years. For this reason, it is one of the most challenging diseases for physicians. The main purpose of this paper was to report a research project to compare different data mining algorithms to select the most accurate model for predicting pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients. This model would provide the knowledge needed by the medical staff fir better decision making.

In this research, we designed a prediction model using different methods of machine learning that would best predict the probability of pulmonary embolism in patients at risk. Among data mining algorithms, Bayesian network, decisions tree (J48), logistic regression (LR), and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) were used. The data used in the study included risk factors and past history of patients admitted to the Lung Department of Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

The results showed that the accuracy and specificity of all prediction models were satisfactory. The Bayesian model had the highest sensitivity in predicting pulmonary embolism.

Although the results showed a little difference in the performance of prediction models, the Bayesian model is a more appropriate tool to predict the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients in this type of data. It can be considered a supportive approach along medical decisions to improve disease prediction.

Pulmonary embolism is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death after Myocardial infarction and stroke. At the same time, it is the most preventable cause of death for hospitalized patients. Importantly the diagnosis and prediction of pulmonary embolism requires flexible decision-making models, both for the presence of clinical interventions as well as for the variety of local diagnostic resources, Bayesian networks that fully meet these needs. Accordingly determining the risk factors for pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients and presenting the model for predicting its occurrence through modeling using Bayesian networks have been proposed as a therapeutic necessity.

The present research is descriptive-analytic study. The data used in the study included risk factors affecting the pulmonary embolism and the history of hospitalized patients in pulmonary section of Shariati hospital in Tehran were collected in Excel format. Bayesian prediction model in two modes (risk factors determined using the proposed scenario and risk factors according to the expert physician) is obtained using GENIE software and the accuracy of the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was evaluated.

The results showed that among the risk factors of the disease, the history of thromboembolic pulmonary, history of deep vein thrombosis, body mass index above 30, recent surgery, immobilization of long-term, SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome, heart failure and pneumonia respectively, are the most important risk factors for pulmonary embolism. And the model predicts the scenario proposed has better performance.

Such plans can facilitate the process of assessing the risk of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients, in order to facilitate appropriate preventive measures, and to improve preventive methods and, consequently, diagnosis and treatment programs.

Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) is the main risk factor for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and can be a marker of these disorders during pregnancy. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the frequency of positive thyroid peroxidase antibody and its related factors during pregnancy. This study is a secondary analysis which was performed based on the data available in prospective population based study of The Tehran Thyroid and Pregnancy Study. This study was performed on 2233 pregnant women (at first trimester of pregnancy) who referred to prenatal care centers under coverage of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Serum concentrations of T4، T-uptake، TSH and TPOAb were measured in pregnant women. Mother age، body mass index، parity، gestational age، individual or family history of thyroid dysfunctions، goiter، diabetes type 1 or other autoimmune disorders، history of infertility، abortion، preterm labor، or stillbirth were selected as probable risk factors. Data analysis was performed using STATA software (version 12). In this study، 214 cases (7. 9%) were TPOAb positive. Based on the logistic regression model، the chance of positive TPOAb in women with individual history of thyroid disease was 4. 48 times (95% CI: 2. 26- 8. 85) higher than those without this history (p <0. 05). No significant relationship was found between other factors (maternal age, BMI, parity, gestational age, thyroid medication, family history of thyroid dysfunction, history of infertility, history of abortion and history of preterm labor) and positive TPOAb (P>0. 05). The history of thyroid disorders is associated with positive TPOAb in pregnant women and this factor can be considered as a risk factor for the detection of thyroid autoimmune disorders

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. The etiology of non syndromic orofacial clefts is multifactorial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the related risk factors of cleft lip and palate in a group of infants born in Tehran during the years between 2012-2015.
In this case-control study the files of 105 newborns with oral clefts, and 218 normal newborns as control group with their mothers were evaluated in Mofid Hospital in Tehran. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test.
Findings: Among 105 cases, 40 cases (38%) were females and 65 cases (62%) were males. The frequency of cleft lip and palate, cleft palate and cleft lip were 58%, 27.6% and 14.2% respectively. A significant relationship was found between parents with familial marriage (P=0.001). The highest number of clefts belonged to 25-35 year-old mothers (51.4%), 41% of mothers reported smoking during pregnancy thus maternal smoking would be an effective predisposing factor to have a child with oral clefts (P=0.001).
The results of this study indicate that history of familial matrimony, mother’s age above 35 years and maternal smoking during pregnancy can enhance the risk of orofacial clefts 18, 17 and 14 times respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of preconception counseling of mothers-to-be on amendable lifestyle factors in order to reduce the birth prevalence of cleft lip/ palate in future generations.

Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common neurologic disorder in children. It occurs in children aged 6 months to 5 years, with a prevalence of 3-4%. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical features in children with febrile convulsion in Isfahan City, Iran.
This retrospective study was conducted in children with febrile convulsion, who were hospitalized in teaching hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical variables were excluded from patient's records.
Findings: 1218 patient's records with mean age of 24.33 ± 16.5 months were evaluated; 58.8% of them were boys. Overall, 81% of febrile convulsions were simple and 19% were complex. 10 percent had a history of neonatal hospital admission. In total, 34% and 66% were delivered by normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section, respectively. There was significant correlation between type of febrile convulsion and family history of it and childbirth type. Recurrence of febrile convulsion was related to gender, season, and family history of febrile convulsion significantly.
Febrile convulsion was more prevalent in boys, in the first two-years of life, and in winter. Complex febrile convulsion was more prevalent in children with cesarean section delivery and positive family history of febrile convulsion. The positive family history of febrile convulsion increased the risk of its recurrence. Identifying factors related to recurrent febrile convulsion may help in prevention and treatment modalities.

Musculoskeletal injuries are common during basic military training, but there is little information on their risk factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries among Iranian cadets undergoing basic combat training.
The study was conducted on 157 cadets in Isfahan. All subjects were evaluated prior to onset of training. Navicular drop, quadriceps (Q) angle, body mass index, and hamstring flexibility were measured in cadets. Also, musculoskeletal injuries occurred during a 7-month period of basic combat training was prospectively recorded.
At least one musculoskeletal injury was suffered by 40% of the cadets during the study period. The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with large amounts of navicular drop (OR = 4.16; p=0.038) and Q angel (OR = 1.79; p=0.001), as well as low straight leg raising test (OR = 0.08; p=0.001) were exposed to higher risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The cut-off points of 0.6 cm and 13.5° were used for navicular drop and Q angle, respectively. This means that students with navicular drop greater than 0.6 cm and Q angel greater than 13.5° had 2.07 and 2.14 times more chances of extremity injury.
These findings showed that multiple anatomic measures such as Q angle and navicular drop can be used to predict cadets at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, it is recommended that these indicators be evaluated before accepting cadets.

Emotional disorders had immense impact on rehabilitation in the traumatic brain injury patients. This study is to investigate correlation of difficulties in emotional regulation in the mild traumatic brain injury patients compared with that in the normal people.
This prospective cohort study was carried out on 72 mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) victims and 72 other normal individuals in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan city. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (DERS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales, demographic data, and related neurological questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using T test, Chi square and multivariate linear regression.
Findings: The results of this study showed that mean standard deviations for emotional regulation were 112.6±21.8 and 93±14 in the TBI and control groups, respectively (PDiscussion & Linear regression analysis of a few variables showed that being included in the patients group is the main effective variable on the difficulties in emotional regulation. Psychological cognitive rehabilitation therapy is one of the crucial meditation interventions in patients with traumatic brain.

Type2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease that its prevalence in developing countries has reached alarming rate. Having enough knowledge of risk factors and complications of diabetes would be effective in its preventing and treatment. Since risk factors and complications of type2 diabetes in various regions according to environmental situations and health behaviors are different.
This study was conducted to determine risk factors and complication of type2 diabetes in patients of Ghasreshirin diabetes center.
Method In a descriptive- analytical study, the records of 286 diabetic patients by census were studied the tool was a checklist produced according to the information in the records. Data was analyzed by SPSSv.16 and descriptive (frequency percent, Mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi square, independent t, Mann Whitney U and kruskal Wallis tests).
In this study, the most common risk factors were obesity (%76.9), hyperlipidemia (%53.5) and a history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (%44.8). The most common complications of diabetes were neuropathy (%66.4), cardiovascular disorders (%43.4), and visual impairment (% 37). There was a significant relationship between hyperlipidemia and neuropathy and cardiovascular disorders, as well as between diabetes duration and retinopathy and neuropathy (p The results indicate the high prevalence of risk factors as well as physical complications in patients suffering from diabetes. Therefore, using educational programs for reducing the prevalence of type2 diabetes and related complications are recommended. Keywords: diabetes, risk factors, diabetes complication

The aim of this study was to Estimate the prevalence of and the cardiovascular risk associated with the metabolic syndrome and comparisonin the men and women Referred to the Heart Center of Hamedan. A total of 550 Iranian subjects aged 40 to 80 participated in this cross- sectional study. Standard questionnaire was completing regarding، age، sex، medications، past medical history، blood pressure، fasting blood suger، total cholestrol HDL، and triglycerides. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS has been reported to be 44. 8% in the adult population. The age-adjusted prevalence was similar for men (25. 6%) and women (19. 2%). In men; 39. 5% triglyceride>150 mg/dl، 57. 4% HDL-c<40 mg/dl، 34. % systolic blood pressure>130 mmHg، 19. 1% diastolic blood pressure >85 mmHg. In women; 38. 3% triglyceride>150 mg/dl، 31. 2% HDL-c<40 mg/dl، 10. % systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg، 2. 8% diastolic blood pressure>85 mmHg. The men had higher WC (87. 5%) than women (49. 6%). Although many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be treated or prevented، many people die from CVDs. The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with its considerable burden on the middle-aged population mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention، notably by tackling obesity.

Physical activity has many advantages such as cardio-respiratory health promotion، prevention of some diseases and improvement of quality of life. In contrast، smoking tobacco products is one of the most important risk factors of non-infectious diseases، especially cardiovascular and cancers and may be influenced by physical activity of people. Therefore، the aim of this study was to compare cigarette and water pipe smoking between physical education and non-physical education students. The target population of this study was all male and female students of Guilan University. The instrument used was the PDUQ questionnaire (Alpha value of 0. 81(. According to Odineski table، the questionnaire was randomly distributed among 144 students of P. E and 386 students of non-P. E. The collected data was analyzed using Chi-square test، and Pearson correlation coefficient (P<0. 05). The results of data analyses indicated that there was no significant relationship between the course and championship history with cigarette and water pipe smoking. Also، cigarette and water pipe smoking was observed more in males than females and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 001). The most important reason of tendency toward and prevalence of cigarette and water pipe smoking in males was their intimate relationship with smoking friends، and in female it was mostly done for recreation and fun. In this study، the prevalence of smoking was 27. 1 % in P. E males (11. 8 % in females، (30. 1 % in non-P. E males، (and 14. 2%) in females، respectively، indicating that it is high as compared to other areas of the country. Holding educational programs and social interventions at university level seem necessary in order to prevent cigarette and water pipe smoking.

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular protozoan، Toxoplasma gondii. In pregnant women with toxoplasmosis، the parasite can be transmitted to the fetus، causing severe complications. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in women of reproductive age in Tehran، Iran، to provide detailed information for health authorities regarding the prevention and control of the disease. In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2013، completion of the questionnaires was done and blood samples were collected from 300 women of 18-40 years of age. Levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and the risk factors cited in questionnaires were also analyzed. Among 300 studied sera، 85 (28. 3%) cases were positive for IgG، 4 (1. 3%) for IgM and 3 (1%) for both classes. There were no significant relationship between toxoplasmosis and factors such as employment، education، eating raw meat and vegetables and contact with cats (chi-square test); but there was a significant relationship between toxoplasmosis and age (Mann-Whitney test، P = 0. 04). 70. 4 percent of selected women in the study were seronegative. It is necessary to avoid the risk factors during and before the pregnancy for women via health education.

Urinary Incontinence (UI) as a main health problem affects on Quality of Life negatively. UI prevalence is reported between 3-57. 1% in different countries. Nevertheless، there are limited studies about probable risk factors، e. g. type and number of delivery and related disorders such as anal incontinence. This study was aimed to investigate the UI risk factors and related disorders in our society. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 women with UI and 90 healthy subjects، aged 26-70 (45. 3±7. 9) and 20-64 (38. 2±8. 4) years respectively. After completing a designed questionnaire، assessment of vaginal tone، Pelvic Floor Muscles'' (PFM) strength and endurance carried out. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation test were used to analysis the data. Values of p<0. 05 were considered to be significant. Our data showed that the mean of age، Body Mass Index (BMI) and number of deliveries in women with UI were significantly higher than that women without UI were (P<0. 05). There was a significant difference regarding to the prevalence of anal incontinence and constipation between two groups (P<0. 05). Reduced vaginal tone and lower strength and endurance of PFM were seen in women with UI (P<0. 05). Regarding high prevalence of some pelvic floor disorders such as constipation in incontinent women، we recommend performing further epidemiologic and etiologic investigations، also emphasis on establishing multidisciplinary approach health/therapeutic centers to provide better services to these patients.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. The risk factors of metabolic syndrome have been reported with greater frequency in patients with psoriasis. In this study، we aimed to evaluate these risk factors and compare them with normal population، as the control group. In this case-control study، 55 patients with psoriasis were studied from 2011 to 2012 and 55 matched (for sex and age) persons were considered as control group. Age، gender، body mass index، systolic and diastolic blood pressures، smoking، alcohol consumption، type of disease، and blood levels of triglyceride، total cholesterol، LDL، HDL، and fasting sugar were evaluated in both case and control groups and compared. Our findings showed that levels of TG (P=0. 005،OR: 1. 02، 95%CI: 1. 0-1. 34) and LDL (P=0. 03، OR: 1. 04، 95%CI: 1. 0-1. 09)، the frequency of smoking (P=0. 02، OR: 2. 2، 95%CI: 1. 1-3. 2)، and the mean of systolic blood pressure (P=0. 004، OR: 1. 07، 95%CI: 1. 02-1. 33) were significantly higher in psoriatic patients، compare with control group. Higher frequency of hypertension and lipid abnormalities in psoriatic patients may enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases in them. Therefore، we recommend to check all patients with psoriasis، regardless of their disease severity، for serum lipid profiles and blood pressure. In addition، we strongly recommend giving up smoking، as a part of psoriasis treatment.

Organic brain damage can predispose individuals to mental disorders. This study aimed to design a predictive model to determine the risk factors of mental disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this descriptive-longitudinal study، 238 patients (43 women and 195 men) with TBI referred to Poursina hospital (Rasht، Iran) were selected by the non-probability and consecutive sampling from March to February 2010. Neurosurgical and psychological examinations were performed on all patients. After 4-month follow-up، 65. 1% (155 cases) of the patients referred to a psychiatrist to determine the nature of mental disorder due to TBI using a structured clinical interview based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Findings showed that 117 post-injury cases (75. 48%) of mental disorders‎ were secondary to TBI. Logistic regression results indicated the severity of TBI (OR = 3. 497، ‎95% CI 1. 259-9. 712‎)، presence of subcranial injury (OR = ‎2. 834، ‎95% CI 1. 022-7. 857‎) and falling levels of general compatibility after trauma، as it was measured by the modified version for GHQ-28 (OR = 1. 072، ‎95% CI 1. 035-1. 111)، are associated with increased risk of mental disorders. There is a close relationship between the development of post-TBI mental disorders and organic brain pathology (TBI severity and subcranial injury)، but the role of the effective psychological factors such as the level of general compatibility post-trauma should not be neglected. Moreover، to predict those who have been considered to be at high risk of the mental disorders after TBI، the model presented in this study can be effective.

low back pain is one of the most common work related health problems among hospital workers when compare to other groups. The incidence varies among different countries. Work related activities such as twisting, bending, sustained posture; repeated movements are regarded as casual risk factors for low back pain and other back injuries. The aim of this study is the description of the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among a variety of hospital workers including nurses, physiotherapists, technicians and etc.
A 23-item self administered questionnaire was completed by 275 employees in Shiraz Shahid Beheshti hospital associated with social security organization using a cross sectional survey design. Data were collected over 3 months and analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression techniques.
The prevalence of low back pain was 50.9 %, 42.1% in men and 57.9% in women. The highest prevalence was reported by group of nurses and midwifes (60.7%). Gender, short stature, duration of disease and injury and back pain were identified as the most important predisposing factors (p ≤ 0.05).
low back pain prevalence is high in hospital staff and preventive measures should be taken to reduce it, such as educational programmes about the proper body mechanics, arranging proper rest periods, lifting devices and additional staff.