جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "لیشمانیوز احشایی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease that accounts for approximately one million new cases annually. The treatment of this disease is complex and costly, particularly in developing countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on various vaccines utilizing live attenuated parasites, killed parasites, subunit antigens, recombinant vaccines, and DNA technology. However,  an effective and widely applicable preventive vaccine for leishmaniasis has not yet been developed. Present study aimed  to examine the progress in the development of leishmaniasis vaccines. Articles for this study were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, focusing on subject matter, scientific quality, and publication date, with an emphasis on more recent publications. Research on the development of leishmaniasis vaccines indicates that several candidates, such as Leishmune, CaniLeish, and Leish-Tec, which are at various stages of clinical trials, may serve as suitable options for controlling and preventing leishmaniasis in dogs. The LeishChim vaccine, designed using immunoinformatics and molecular docking techniques, has shown promising efficacy results in mouse studies. Additionally, the mutant gene-centered LmCen-/- vaccine has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in humans. Given the importance of developing a leishmaniasis vaccine, research in this area continues. Utilizing immunoinformatics and biological modeling studies can aid in the faster identification of effective vaccine candidates.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic diseases and is endemic in northwest of Iran and annually 100-300 positive cases are reported. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in East Azerbaijan province.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was done on visceral leishmaniasis patients from 2009-2016 which is analyzed based on interpolation and SPSS v.25 and ArcMap10.4.1 have been used.

Totally 78 patients were identified during the study, of which 57.7% were living in rural areas and 42.3% in urban areas. More than 90% of cases have occurred in children under the age of 5 years. The northeastern part of the province, which has a higher average rainfall and a moderate temperature, was identified as a high risk area of the disease and a hot spot of disease among the Kalibar and Ahar counties.

Visceral leishmaniasis has increased by 3-4 times since 2013 in East Azarbaijan province and residents of border areas with Ardebil province and Azerbaijan Republic are at the risk of transmitting the disease

 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important endemic diseases in Meshkinshahr. The present study was aimed to molecular detect of VL and babesiosis in clot blood samples taken from dogs.

 In this experimental study, a total number of 148 blood samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of visceral leishmaniasis from Meshkinshahr area. All serum samples were examined by direct agglutination test (DAT). DNA was extracted from the blood clot with the DNG-plus Extraction Kit. The ITS1 and kDNA genes of L. infantum were amplified by the PCR method. To identify and confirm the existence of Babesia parasites, 2 pairs of Babesia-specific primers were used.

 All of 148 dogs (100%) showed titers more than 1:320 of L. infantum infection in the serological test. L. infantum kDNA was detected by PCR in all samples. No cases of infection with Babesia parasite found in the samples.

 The dog owners in Meshkinshehr are in close contact with dogs which are positive for VL, so, the implementation of health care in this region is highly recommended.

Host resistance to Leishmania infection is mediated by cellular immune responses leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing. IL-18 known as interferon-γ inducing factor, stimulate IFN-γ production by T-cells. According to the important role of IL-18 in defense against VL and known effect of IL-18 gene polymorphisms on its production, the aim of this study was to investigate the probable relation between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to VL in Iranian patients.

The study groups included 118 pediatric patients suffered from VL and 156 non-relative healthy persons from the same endemic area as the patients. In both study groups IL-18 gene polymorphisms at positions -656 G/T, -137 G/C and +105A/C (codon 35/3) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fregment Length Polymorphism).

The result showed that the frequency of T allele at position -656 was significantly higher in the controls compared to that in the patients (P=0.047). But in none of the genotypes of IL-18 there was significant difference between patients and controls. In addition, the distribution of ATG haplotype and AGG/ATG haplo-genotype were significantly higher in the controls compared to that in patients with VL (P=0.043and P=0.044, respectively). Furthermore a strong LDs (P<0.001) were detected between the -607, -137 and codon 35/3 SNPs.

In conclusion, this study showed that the frequency of T allele at position -656 and ATG haplotype and AGG/ATG haplogenotype (positions +105, -656 and -137) were significantly higher in the controls. To the best of our knowledge no study has been conducted on IL-18 gene polymorphisms and VL in other countries, therefore, we were not able to compare our results with other investigations, so it seems that more researches in this field on other populations will be worthy.