جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مالتیپل اسکلروز » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Changes in the morphology of dendrites and the function of nerve circuits in pain-sensing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord ultimately lead to neuropathic pain. Increased expression of Rac1 is associated with increased size and density of dendritic spines and increased pain threshold in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of physical activity in an enriched environment on Rac1 and structural changes of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and pain sensitivity in the chronic course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model used to study the immunopathogenesis of MS.

Thirty female C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups. The first group was induced with MOG35-55 peptide (EAE group), the second group received a saline injection (healthy control group), and the third group, after induction with MOG35-55, was placed in the cage of the enriched environment (group living in enriched environment + EAE). On day 30 post-induction (chronic period of the disease), the formalin test assessed pain sensitivity. Then the mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the spinal cord tissue was removed. Rac1 protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. The length and density of dendritic spines were assessed using the Golgi-Cox staining.

Our findings showed that living in an enriched environment significantly reduced RAC1 levels, the length and density of dendritic spines of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and pain sensitivity compared to the EAE group.

Changing the environment and lifestyle to a happy and enriched environment and active lifestyle could reduce pain sensitivity in MS by preventing structural changes in pain-sensing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), is an inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system, usually starting in the most productive years of the patient’s life, and its cognitive consequence may affect on patient’s behavior, social functions, daily life, and occupation. One of the most important cognitive variables, which may be affected through MS, is reaction time. The aim of this study was to investigate the reaction time of patients with MS (SPMS and RRMS types) toward visual and auditory stimuli.

The study design was a retrospective, causal-comparative type, in which the sample was selected through an accessible and purposive sampling method from the patients who were referred to the MS center and MS institute of Isfahan, Iran. The control group was selected from the healthy patient’s family members or their relatives. A total of 159 subjects participated in this study, each group consisted of 53 subjects. The reaction time of the three groups toward the visual and auditory stimuli was measured. The instruments comprised a reaction timer and a multiple sclerosis impact scale.

The results showed that the reaction time in the patients was significantly slower than in healthy people. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients with SPMS type were slower in reaction time in comparison to RRMS patients.

The speed of information processing in patients with MS, has become slower, due to the slowing of the conduction through nerve pulses, which is due to demyelination in damaged pathways. The decrease in processing speed may lead to an inability of the patients to accomplish mental and cognitive tasks, and this deficit is finally depicted in the inability of MS patients in responding to visual and auditory stimuli.

Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis. Fatigue reduces the various motor, sensory and psychological functions of the patients and is the source of problems in performing daily activities in their lives. Due to the Covide-19 pandemic, rehabilitation nurses should adopt coherent programs that are appropriate for the available facilities for these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation cares on the fatigue of patients with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study in two groups. Participants included of 36 patients referred to the Iranian MS Association in 2021 who were selected by available methods based on inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included of a demographic information form and a standard questionnaire for measuring the severity of fatigue, which was completed by both intervention and control groups. In addition to routine cares, the intervention group also received telerehabilitation cares. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.

The results of this study showed that, although the mean of fatigue scores in the intervention group changed from 4.383 to 4.765, but there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.450). Also, the mean of this score in the control group changed from 4.963 to 4.475 after the intervention.

The findings of this study revealed that telerehabilitation cares and effective training are not effective to reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, to reduce this common problem, rehabilitation nurses should apply programs that are more effective and consistent with the available facilities for these patients.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. About half of patients with MS complaint of sleep disorder which could be an indicator of the quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis in Qom province.

We included 120 patients from the MS community list and assessed the participants based on the demographic, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Global Sleep Assessment (GSA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 23 software.

We showed that the majority of our patients (74.2) were women with a Mean±SD age of 33.95±8.01 years old. 90(75%) of our patients suffered from at least one sleep disturbance in which difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep were the main complaints. Age was estimated to be the main independent factor significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Except the gender, other studied variables had a considerable impact on certain types of sleep-related disorders.

As sleep disorders is frequent and mainly undiagnosed in patients with MS, it is necessary to routine evaluate the patients for sleep disorders.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and inflammatory disease in the central nervous system that decreases psychological well-being. Regarding the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and compassion therapy on many psychological characteristics, the present research aimed to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment and compassion therapy on psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis.

This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with the control group. The research population was men patients with multiple sclerosis of members of Tehranchr('39')s multiple sclerosis association in 2019. The research sample was 45 people who, after reviewing the criteria for entering to study, were selected by purposive sampling method and by the simple random process with used lottery replaced into three equal groups (each group15 people). The experimental groups were trained in eight sessions of 75minute (one session per week) with acceptance and commitment and compassion therapy methods. The control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected using the Riff’s psychological well-being scale and analyzed by methods of chi-square, repeated measures, and post hoc Bonferroni test in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that both methods of acceptance and commitment and compassion therapy in compared to the control group led to increased psychological well-being, and the effects of treatment were maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two treatments method in increasing psychological well-being (P>0.05).

The results indicated the effectiveness of both acceptance and commitment and compassion therapy on improving psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis and no difference between them. As a result, health professionals and therapists can use both methods and other treatment methods to improve vulnerable groupschr('39') psychological well-being, including patients with multiple sclerosis.

Inflammatory processes has an important role in the Multiple Sclerosis (MS)’s pathophysiology. Therefore, hampering the inflammatory factors could be an effective strategy in MS treatment. Piperine (the main alkaloid of black piper) has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study the pre-treatment effects of piperine on the gene expression level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and myelin repair was investigated.

Adult male Wistar rats (200–250 g) in 4 experimental groups (1: Control, 2: LPC, 3: LPC+vehicle, 4: LPC+PP 5) were studied (n=8). The pre-treatment with piperine (5 mg/kg) started 2 weeks before demyelination induction by bilateral injection of lysolecithin into the CA1 regions of the hippocampus, until the end of experiment. Myelin repair process was analyzed with myelin specific staining. The evaluation of astrocyte activation was done by immunohistochemistry and the gene expression analysis for IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kB, FOXP3, IL-10, BDNF and NGF in the hippocampal tissue was done by Real-time PCR technique.

Pre-treatment with piperine significantly decreased the extent of demyelination and increased myelin optical density. Moreover, glial activation and expression level of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kB) were significantly decreased in the pre-treatment groups with piperine and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (FOXP3, IL-10) increased in the hippocampal tissue. The increased expression level of BDNF and NGF was also observed in the piperine pre-treated group.

Piperine improved myelin repair process through reduction of inflammatory cytokines, glial activation and enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors

One of the most common concerns of patients who suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) is to delay the beginning of the secondary progressive phase. Psychological factors play a role in the exacerbation or recurrence of symptoms of the disease. The current study aimed to explore the psychological antecedent factors of the transition to secondary progressive MS.

In this qualitative study, 13 participants who were suffering from secondary progressive MS selected by the convenience sampling method in Sina hospital, Tehran, Iran. The current study was conducted based on a thematic analysis approach. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview.

The main theme, "Fundamental Mechanisms", which were included two sub-themes, "Core Beliefs" and "Personality Traits" and 10 concepts. Fundamental mechanisms are an abstract concept and this theme can bring the categories together to explain the whole results. Core beliefs sub-theme was included believe in being worthless and unlovable, believe in chance and fate, believe in a dangerous world, believe in being helpless, and self-sacrifice schema. Besides, the personality traits sub-theme was included self-devaluation, dependent personality, narcissistic personality, impulsivity, and intolerance of ambiguity.

Outcomes revealed antecedent factors of the transition to secondary progressive MS is based on core beliefs. Furthermore, personality traits are complex, inclusive, and multi-dimensional factors.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hippotherapy on quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis.

This study is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. Among patients with multiple sclerosis, 24 patients from a clinical center in Isfahan were recruited through convenient sampling and randomly and put in the experimental and control groups. In the pre-test step, participants filled out Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Questionnaire. Then, the experimental group practiced hippotherapy training for 8 weeks (3 days in a week for 30 minutes). After completing the intervention, subjects in both groups participated in the post-test.

A significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in physical and mental health dimensions of quality of life was observed.

Our data indicate that hippotherapy training has a positive effect on the quality of life of women with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating nervous system disease, which damages the myelin of the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks Pilates training and direct transcranial stimulation (tDCS) on motor and cognitive functions in women with MS.

The present study was a semi-experimental one in which the women with MS in Tabriz, Iran were selected and 36 of them were selected as subjects with age range of 20-40 years. They were randomly divided into four groups; Pilates + tDCS, Pilates + Placebo, tDCS, and control groups. The Pilates and tDCS training program consisted of 8 weeks (three sessions/60 minutes) Pilates training plus 20 minutes of electrical stimulation.

The results have shown that after exercise and electrical stimulation, the tDCS + exercise and exercise + placebo groups improved motor functions (general endurance, general speed, flexibility, balance). The results also revealed that among the measured cognitive factors, there was a significant improvement in the cognitive flexibility in the tDCS + exercise, the exercise + placebo, and the tDCS groups.

Considering the combined effects of exercise with tDCS on motor functions, it seems that the use of these two techniques is helpful in improving motor functions in MS patients. However, this combined therapy can not improve cognitive functions of patients with MS.

Medicinal herbs have been used for managing various diseases for many years. Quercetin is a member of flavonoid family with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to
investigate the beneficial potential of quercetin in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this experimental study, EAE was induced in male Wistar rats by guinea pig spinal cord homogenate and complete Freund’s adjuvant. Then, the rats were allocated into three equal groups (n=10). Quercetin administration (10 mg/kg daily) initiated on day 12 post-immunization, when the rats developed a disability score. The brains and blood samples were collected on day 36 and used for next experiments. Quercetin therapy led to a better outcome in EAE rats compared to EAE rat without treatment. Myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels in the sera and the lipid peroxidation level in the brain tissues of EAE rats were significantly increased in EAE rats compared to normal control rats (P<0.05). Serum level of uric acid insignificantly decreased in EAE rats compared to normal control rats (P<0.05). It appears that quercetin is a promising strategy to be added to the treatment protocol of MS patients.

Semaphorins are large family of secretory and membrane-bound proteins that first were recognized in the nervous system as axon guidance molecules. Semaphorins family has more than 30 members and has been classified into eight subclasses. Different classes of these molecules involved in various phases of immune responses are considered as immune semaphorins. Main receptors for semaphorins are plexins and neuropilins. Moreover, other types of molecules can act as receptor for semaphorins, such as TIM-2 (T cell, immunoglobulin, and mucin domain protein 2), CD72 that bind to Sema 4A (Semaphorin 4A), and Sema 4D. Both forms of semaphorins, namely secretory and membrane-bound semaphorins, play important roles in the immune system. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system and demyelination. Recent investigations have shown that increased serum level or increased expression of some immune semaphorins is associated with severity of MS disease. Moreover, immune semaphorins-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is attributed to impaired production of myelin basic protein-specific T cells. Identification of specific expression patterns of semaphorins and their receptors in the nervous system and a comprehensive understanding of their function in autoimmune brain disorders could provide a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for these disorders. The present study reviews the role of semaphorins and their receptors in the development and differentiation of immune cells and their relation to MS

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This disease is the most common cause of disability in young age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach on resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.
This study was a quasi-experimental research investigation, using pre- post and follow-up testing plan with a control group. Through a convenience sampling technique, a total of 20 individuals were selected among female patients with multiple sclerosis referring to Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Society. Then, the subjects were randomly placed into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in a twelve-session unity-focused psychodrama therapy plan for 6 weeks, while the control group received no intervention. In order to collect data, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC; 2003) was used.
The results revealed a significant difference between two groups for the post test and follow-up test scores. The psychodrama intervention based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach can be used as an effective modality to enhance a sense of resilience among patients with multiple sclerosis.
Our findings suggest using psychodrama based on unity-oriented for improving mental condition of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The psychodrama based on unity-oriented therapeutic approach provides the integrity and acquisition of semantic knowledge about patient's negative experiences. Furthermore, this approach can foster the acceptance of illness, as of being connected with the world and a sense of immortality, among these patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the CNS in which autoimmunity to myelin plays a role in pathogenesis. Infection with common viruses, particularly varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are postulated to contribute to the pathobiology of MS. The aim of this study was to detect of HHV-6 and VZV in the urine samples of patients with MS in the Kerman province, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 60 non-repetitive urine samples from patients with MS and 60 urine samples from healthy people without any neurological disease and urinary tract infection were collected. The infection with HHV- 6 and VZV were investigated using multiplex PCR method.
Of the 60 urine samples obtained from MS patients, 23 (13.8%) and 7 (4.2%) were positive for HHV-6 and VZV, respectively. VZV and HHV-6 were not detected simultaneously in any of obtained samples. HHV-6 and VZV were not found in any samples obtained from healthy people.
The prevalence of HHV-6 and VZV viruses in MS patients is high, which may suggest an association between MS and the presence of these viruses in this region.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause demyelination and axonal damage. There are different therapeutic approaches for MS, including administration of interferon-β, Glatiramer Acetate, Natalizumab, Fingolimod, and other immune-modulating agents. Currently approved MS treatments primarily decrease CNS inflammation. Noticeably, the unsolved challenge in the MS field is to advance neuroprotective and remyelinating approaches for the treatment of MS patients. Treatment strategies to prevent tissue damage and/or enhance remyelination and axonal regeneration are seriously needed.
Recently application of stem cell therapy for MS therapy has created a lot of hopes to treat MS patients. Several studies have been shown that stem cell therapy has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in brain tissue. In this review, we have explained the properties of different types of stem cells and their role in the treatment of MS.

Bender-gestalt test is often discussed as a screening method in different brain damages including organic brain syndrome, schizophrenia and neuropsychological functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical application of Bender–Gestalt in screening of brain lesions in patients with Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis.
Material & In this descriptive–analytic research, 21 patients with multiple sclerosis and 19 stroke patients and 30 healthy people were studied through convenience method. Data were collected using Bender-gestalt test and demographic questionnaire checklist including age, gender and the number of years of disease. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS-16 software.
23.8% patients with multiple sclerosis, 36.8% patients with stroke and 43.3% control group people were men. Three basic indices: hand tremors (89.5), pencil pressure (73.7) and bold lines and redrawing in stroke patients and two basic indices: pencil pressure (47.6) and hand tremors (42.9) had the most frequency in patients with multiple sclerosis. Stroke patients had the most accurate (26.3) drawings in card number 1 while patients with multiple sclerosis in card numbers 1–2 and 5 had above 50% accurate drawings.
Patients with Multiple sclerosis had better performance on running Bender test in comparison with stroke patients. Hand tremors and pencil pressure indices are most important ones which can be used in the identification of patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke patients.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive course of illness that leads to the widespread pathological processes of neurodegeneration, including neuroaxonal damage, apoptosis and gliosis. Due to complex mechanisms involve in the pathophysiology of MS, finding valid biomarkers is very difficult. However, finding the effective biomarkers that are more sensitive and be able to determine the level of activity and course of the disease is necessary. Today, several biomarkers with high efficacy have been introduced to design the initial therapy, to evaluate the response to drug treatments, and to identify early diagnosis and different stages of the disease. This study was aimed to review different known biomarkers to diagnose the MS.
The complicity of MS and the important role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of MS focus lead to several studies to evaluate the most effective biomarkers. The findings indicate that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are more valid compared to plasma biomarkers. CSF biomarkers are not influenced by the circadian rhythm and circulate in the subarachnoid space, which is in close proximity to sites of neuroinflammatory lesions in MS. Among structural biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging is the most practicable methods for MS diagnosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with an unclear mechanism. MS is characterized by axonal damage, demyelination, and increased inflammation. Cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of MS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some cytokines with fatigue and aerobic capacity in women with MS.
45 women with MS participated in this study. The levels of serum leptin, TNFα, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA method. Fatigue and aerobic capacity were evaluated by fatigue severity scale questionnaire and ergometer cycle incremental test, respectively.
Leptin had a significant positive correlation with TNFα, body mass index and fatigue in these patients. Furthermore, leptin had a significant negative correlation with aerobic capacity and aerobic capacity had a significant negative correlation with fatigue and disability scale. While TNFα had a significant positive correlation with fatigue, interlukin-10 had no correlation with other factors.
Improvement on aerobic capacity and regular physical activity can be accompanied with decrease in production of inflammatory cytokines and fatigue. This may increase the quality of life in people with MS.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disorder, which leads to myelin destruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on physiological cost index and VO2max in women with MS.
Fifteen women with MS (aged 33.68±8.22 years) and EDSS Data analysis showed that the aerobic training significantly decreased physiological cost index in experimental group. Additionally, after 8-week aerobic training VO2max and walking endurance significantly increased in experimental group.
Aerobic training can increase walking endurance and improvement physiological cost index in MS diseases and increase VO2max. This indicate the potential for aerobic training in treatment of patients with MS.

According to the importance of psychological factors in psychosomatic disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as its importance in early maladaptive schemas in psychological disorders, the present study was aimed to evaluate early maladaptive schemas in patients with psychosomatic disorders and MS and compared that with healthy subjects.
Research method was ex post facto. This study evaluated 100 patients (50 with MS and 50 with psychosomatic disorder) and compared them to 50 healthy people that completed Young Schema Questionnaire (short form). The study was causal-comparative.
The results showed that the average score of vulnerability to harm or illness subscale in people with psychosomatic disorder was higher than healthy people and the average score of emotional deprivation, dependence/incompetence, and failure subscale in patients with MS was higher than healthy group.
Early maladaptive schemas should be considered as an important element when comparing patients with psychosomatic disorders and MS with healthy people.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease in young adults. In addition to physical problems, MS is associated with significant psychological effects, such as cognitive, mood, and behavioral deficits. Given the high prevalence of this disorder and effects on cognitive and psychological functions, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive function, memory, depression, and anxiety in patients with MS.
Six patients with diagnostic criteria for MS, both men and women with the age between 20 and 40 years, at least high school diploma education and having participation motivation were selected. Research tools were included DASS scale, Wechsler Memory scale, and Wisconsin Card Sorting test. The Patients were trained for cognitive rehabilitation for three months. Clinical Results were compared before and after the treatment, and finally, the obtained data were analyzed.
Cognitive rehabilitation induced significant and considerable improvement in cognitive functions, memory, anxiety, and depression of all patients.
This study suggested the possibility of improvement in the cognitive abilities and psychological health of MS patients by cognitive rehabilitation. This finding emphasizes the necessity of new rehabilitation methods for treatment of patients with MS.