جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « موش balb » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems in Iran. There is still no effective vaccine available against human leishmaniasis and current treatment is based on chemotherapy. Conventional drugs are toxic and expensive, and drug resistance has caused the search for new treatments. Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor that disturbs the signaling pathway of several cytokines in the immune system. The aim of this study was to evalute the effect of topical tofacitinib 2% ointment in healing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balb/C mice.

This experimental study was performed using tofacitinib and glucantim drugs in 40 female Balb/C mice. The metacyclic form of promastigote of Leishmania major standard strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER) was injected into the footpad of the mice, the mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: tofacitinib, glucantim, tofacitinib-glucantim and control without treatment. The treatment period was 28 days. The footpad thickness of all groups was measured at the end of each week.

After the end of the treatment in the groups treated with tofacitinib, a significant decrease in the size of lesion and the footpad thickness was observed compared to the control group without treatment (P<0.01).

It seems that tofacitinib ointment accelerates lesion healing in Balb/C mice and has worked similarly to standard glucantim treatment. Ointment can be a better option for leishmaniasis treatment and due to its ease of use and no need for painful injections it can be considered as an option for the treatment of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Leishmania major is the agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which leads to tissue lesions resistant to treatment and scarring at the site of injury. The use of treatment methods based on chemical compounds is the first line of treatment in patients, despite the side effects, do not lead to complete recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of soluble factors caused by CT26 in regulating the immune response against the cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Female BALB/c mice were infected with the standard strain of Leishmania major and after the appearance of lesion, the supernatant of CT26 cells was injected into the mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis in two forms, intravenously and intra-lesion. After 30 days of treatment, tissue samples of the spleen and macrophage cells were removed from the peritoneal cavity to investigate cell proliferation and phagocytosis. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 20), one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (Pvalues ≤0.05).

The lesion size was larger in the groups treated with the supernatant of CT26 cells intravenously and intralesion, but this difference was not significant. The amount of lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis and subsequently inflammation of the lesion area in the group treated with cell supernatant was higher than in the control group, but this increase was not significant.

The use of soluble factors from CT26 cell culture supernatant can lead to a change in the immune response in the cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion model, which should be further investigated to determine the effective factors in this field.

Given that an effective vaccine is not available against leishmaniasis, as well as the side effects of current drugs and the emergence of resistance to treatment, researchers are looking for more effective, safe and low-cost natural compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-leishmaniasis effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of opium with concentration 10% on lesion of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice.

In this study, 30 male BALB/c mice, 6–8 weeks of age were injected subcutaneously in tail-base with Leishmania major amastigotes. They were randomly divided into five groups (n=6 per group). Two groups (aqueous and alcoholic extracts of opium with the concentration of 10%) as experimental and three as control (Eucerin ointment, Glucantime and Control, which were infected but not treated). Treatment started when the CL lesions were appeared and continued for 14 days. The diameter of the lesion was measured and the differences in the mean lesion size were assayed by paired t-test, two-way ANOVA and tukey post-hoc tests.

Statistical analysis showed significant difference (P<0.05) between treated groups in terms of wound diameters. The group treated with glucantime had the smallest wound diameter. The wound sizes of otherwise treated mice with alcoholic and aqueous extracts with concenteration 10% and eucerin ointment were smaller than those of control mice without any treatment with statistically significant (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that despite of the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of opium on L. major in vivo, the mean wound size of mice infected with Leishmania major was less effective than glucantime. It is suggested that more studies be performed with the above extracts in different concentrations, along with nanocarriers and in combination with other plant extracts.

Immunotherapy is a new strategy to prevent and treat cancers. Cancer-testis antigens has gained lots of attention as the target of anti-cancer immunotherapy. In this study, Brother of regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS) cancer-testis antigen was used to design a DNA vaccine using bioinformatics tools, and its efficacy was assessed in murine colon cancer model in Balb/C mice.

In our previous study, the immunodominant regions of the BORIS antigen were identified. They were used to design a DNA vaccine inside the pcDNA3.1 plasmid after appropriate modifications and reverse translation. The DNA vaccine was used to immunized BALB/c mice four times at weekly intervals. 14 days after the last injection, the levels of specific cytokines and antibodies were measured. Moreover, to evaluate the protective effect of the DNA vaccine, colorectal cancer cells (CT26) were injected into mice, and tumors’ growth progression evaluated for 28 days.

Vaccination with this multiepitope DNA vaccine increased the level of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) cytokines (P < 0.001) and specific antibodies [immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, IgG total] (P < 0.001) compared to control groups [phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and pcDNA3.1-VAC]. Moreover, mean tumors volume significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the DNA vaccine immunized group compared to control groups.

This study suggests that the use of a BORIS antigen-derived DNA vaccine can be used as a strategy to induce a significant anti-tumor immune response, and inhibit murine colon tumors growth.

Allium cepa has anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to flavonoid compounds. Allium cepa can prevent the onset and progression of cancer by removing free radicals. In this study, the preventive effect of Allium cepa in preventing the proliferation of breast cancer cells in BALB/c mice was evaluated.

In the present study, Female BALB/c mice at 6–7 weeks of age were subjected to the abdominal mammary gland subcutaneous injection with 5×106 viable 4T1 cells. Eight mice were placed in 3 groups: healthy group, the patient without treatment and the experimental group. The experimental group received Allium cepa root juice, three weeks before induction of disease. Daily, each mouse in the experimental group received 0.1 ml / 100 g BW / day fresh Allium cepa root juice. Seven weeks after induction, the mice were exposed to deep anesthesia. During the test, the mice were weighed every other day and after the appearance of the tumor, by the end of the seventh week, the volume of the tumor was measured using digital caliper and the tumor mass was removed and weighed. The spleen was removed from the body and cultured in 1640-RPMI medium containing 10%, FBS, and ELISA test was used to measure IFN-γ and IL-4 levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. One-way variance analysis was used to assess the difference between the groups and, if it was significant, Tukey's post hoc test was employed to determine the differences between the groups. Also, p-value less than 0.05 were considered as the level of significance for examining the hypothesis test and deciding whether or not to reject the hypothesis.

The weight of mice in all three groups increased and tumor weight and tumor volume decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the patient group (sham) (p<0.001, p<0.0001 respectively). In the experimental group, compared with the patient group, the levels of IFN-γ (p<0.001) and IL-4 levels decreased significantly (p<0.001).

Based on the results of this study, the use of Allium cepa can prevent and reduce the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and disease progression in breast cancer mouse model.

One of the major problems of breast cancer is unwanted side effects and tumor resistance to the available chemotherapeutics. Therefore, there is always a need toward finding new anticancer agents with limited toxicity and less multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Literature studies on hydrazones have shown that these derivatives have a wide variety of biological activities including antitumoral effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the antitumor effect of a novel hydrazide derivative [2- (phenlthoi) benzoid acid (5-nitor-2-furyline) hydrazid (Compound A)] in mammalian mice model.
We injected 106 4T1 cells into mammary fat pad of 6-8 week old female BALB/c mice to establish the syngenic breast cancer model. Following, the apperance of brerast tumors, the compound A was injected (i.p.) at doses of 1, 10 and 50 mg/kg per days for three weeks.
ung metastasis was observed after 28 days of cell injection, which was confirmed by histopathological experiments. Compound A treated mice group significantly reduced primary tumor growth at all tested doses; however, the dose of 10 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing the tumor size. Histopathologic data showed that the regression of tumor growth was associated with extensive inflammation. The dose of 10 mg/kg compound A reduced size of secondary lung tumor and caused necrosis.
Collectively, the great potential exhibited by compound A could make it a promising chemotherapeutic candidate for breast cancer.

Levandula angustifolia and Citrus aurantium essential oils possess phenolic compounds and in Iranian traditional medicine are commonly used as sedative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant activities of Levandula angustifolia and Citrus bigaradia in adult reserpinized mice.
In this experimental study, mice were divided into 10 groups of 8 mice each, including: Group 1, control group received normal saline. Group 2, was treated reserpine (5 mg/kg, IP). Group 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg, IP) and four Citrus aurantium different doses (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg). Group 7, 8 and 9 were treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg, IP) and three Levandula angustifolia doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg). Group 10 was treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg, IP) and imipramine (15 mg/kg). In all groups the forced swimming test was done and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue was measured to estimate the oxidative stress status. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test.
Levandula angustifolia, Citrus aurantium and imipramine in reserpinized mice caused the mice to spend less time in the forced swimming test, compared to the control group (p Lavander and Citrus aurantium essential oils have considerable antidepressant activity which might be attributed to their antioxidant effects.

Aloe Vera plant is used in the treatment of many diseases due to its moisturizing, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory and other effects. However, owing to this plant’s various compounds, its consumption over pregnancy may be harmful.
2.4 g/kg of Aloe Vera extract was injected intraperitoneally to 40 mice. The first experimental group received the extract on days 3, 4, 5, 6, of pregnancy while the second experimental group received this extract on days 7, 8, 9, 10 of pregnancy. Simultaneous with these experimental groups, the control and the sham groups were considered for comparison. All mice were dissected on day 15 of pregnancy; fetuses were removed from uterus and the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
In the first experimental group, the weight of the placenta and fetus, Crown-Rump of fetus and placental diameter showed significant decrease (p The results of this research elicit that Aloe Vera extract can be teratogen and harmful during pregnancy.

Lavandula stoechas L and Citrus aurantium L. possess flavonoids and they have been used as sedative in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the antidepressant activities of Lavandula and Citrus aurantium L in Balb/C mice.
In this experimental study, 54 mice were divided into 9 groups of 6 mice each. Group 1 was the control group and received normal saline. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were treated with different doses of Essential oil of Lavandula (25, 50, 75,100 mg/kg, IP). Groups 6, 7 and 8 were treated with different doses of Essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, IP). Group 9 was treated with imipramine (15 mg/kg, IP). In all groups, the forced swimming test was performed, and the duration of immobility time was expressed as Mean ± Standard error of the mean. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Thirty minutes before the forced swimming tests the mice received intraperitoneal injections of Citrus aurantium, lavender and imipramine, but they did not exhibit significant changes in immobilization times compared to the control group(P>0.05). The essential oil of Lavandula 25 mg/kg significantly decreased immobility time in the forced swimming test compared to the essential oil of Lavandula 100 mg/kg group (P Essential oils of Lavandula and Citrus aurantium L. similar to Imipramine have considerable antidepressant properties.

Leishmaniasis is wide range, worldwide, without drug, vaccine, secticide and has not sterile immunity and Efforts in this field has not been successful. Research on efficacy of medicinal plants, is including the research infrastructure. Herbaceous plants tomentose perennial local name Khouchoobe in Kerman And official Zangoolaei Looleh baric and scientific name Onosma stinosiphon "Traditionally in the past as a poultice to treat skin, superficial cuts, wounds and acne has been used. Its disinfectant properties at the site of the wound have been proved. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is throughout the country as epidemics and endemic. Purpose of this is Effectiveness Comparison between Onosma. This study was to Effect of Onosma stinosiphon Extract on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Infected BALB/c mice. sufficient root of Onosma stinosiphon were minced and they were dissolved in Ethanol 80. Then they were placed into the stirrer with magnets in room temperature for 24 hours. Next, they were softened. This compound was, first, sterilized and prepared as tropica with concentration of 40, 60 and 80%. It was refrigerated until used. In the lab, 50 BABL/c mice were infected with the parasite Leishmania (L) tropica, They were divided into four control groups and a group that received 40, 60, and 80% concentration of the extract- Onosma stinosiphon and Honey As soon as the Leishmania lesion appeared, Extract- Onosma stinosiphon was applied every two days. As well, the foot and the size of the lesion were measured; the weight was also taken in all mice in the four groups by using ale and coliss every week until the death of the last mouse in the control group. Average weight of mice receiving extracts each other and an average weight of mice of receiving honey with an average weight of control mice showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Average diameter ulcer mice receiving extracts each other and an Average diameter ulcer mice receiving honey with an average diameter size of mice control mice showed significant difference (P = 0.000). Determine the average size of the spleen (mm) and compare survival time (days) in any study group which was not significant (P> 0.05). topical use of Onosma stinosiphon extract in the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis wounds causes to be the growth slower diameter size and use of topical honey prevention of cause necrosis and creation of secondary bacterial infections are, but it Do not none whole parasite removal from the body.

Allium sativum or garlic belongs to Liliaceae family. Garlic has been used in the Iranian Traditional Medicine for treatment of different diseases like infections, cancers, digestion disorders and heart diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in immunity response and inflammatory conditions. According to immunomodulator effect of garlic, the effect of garlic extract on serum metabolites of NO (nitrite and nitrate) in balb/c mice was studied. In this experimental study, 30 balb/c mice (female, 6-8 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups (three groups received garlic and three groups as control). Each mouse received 20 mg/kg/day of garlic extract intraperitonealy for one week (mice in control groups received normal saline). Mice were killed at 24 hours, 1st and 2nd weeks after garlic extract treatment. Serum was prepared and nitrite and nitrate were assayed by Greiss method. Meanwhile, t test was used for statistical analysis. Primary nitrite increased by 7.5% and 29% and nitrite +nitrate increased by 42% and 12% in 24 hours and one week after last injection, respectively. Primary nitrite decreased by 2.5% and nitrite +nitrate increased by 4/8% two weeks after last injection. All t-test values were not significant. One week administration of 20 mg/kg of garlic extract increases serum NO metabolites levels time dependently but not significantly and this effect weakens with time.

Background and Previous Research shows the use of plasmids containing genes TSA to be useful as vaccines for Leishmania major. Recently, the role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in tissue repair has been demonstrated. In this research, the effect of IL-22 on encoding TSA gene of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice was assessed. pcDNA3 plasmid containing the gene encoding TSA protein (pcTSA) of Leishmania major, along with the cytokine IL-22 was used. 60 BALB/c mice were divided to 4 groups of 15. Control groups received pcDNA3 and PBS and a group was vaccinated intramuscularly with the TSA gene containing plasmid. Fourth group received plasmid containing the gene for the TSA and IL-22 protein. IL-4 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels (MTT test) were used to evaluate the cellular immunity and IgG2a, IgG1 and Total IgG levels [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method] to evaluate the humoral immunity. Measuring the diameter of the lesions and the age and weight of the mice was performed. The simultaneous use of plasmid containing the gene encoding protein TSA and IL-22 significantly increased the mean level of IFN-γ and reduced the mean level of IL-4 compared to the other groups. While the mortality rate at 27th week after intervention was 100 % in the control group, the surveillance rates of pcTSA and pcTSA + IL-22 groups were 80%. pcTSA + IL-22 group had the highest weight in 30th week. pcTSA + IL-22 group had significantly smaller lesions compared to control and pcTSA groups. Results show the efficacy of pcTSA + IL-22 in improving the vaccination of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Mesenchymal stem cells are promising sources of stem cells for tissue repair because of their ability to differentiate into different cells، easy proliferation and culture، and immunomodulatory properties. Despite extensive research on the immunophenotype of mesenchymal stem cells، a lack of specific markers comprises challenges for researchers. The aim of this research was to isolate and expand murine lung and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and to compare their expression of surface protein markers.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from murine lung and adipose tissues. Specific differentiation media were added for differential investigations. Finally، the expression of surface antigens were measured by flow cytometry and compared in both cell populations.

Mesenchymal stem cells from both tissues were proliferated well and adipocyte and osteocyte differentiations were observed. Moreover، they showed CD73، CD105 and CD90 expression، but no expression of CD34، CD45 and CD11b was observed. In this study، lung CD105+ mesenchymal stem cells possessed lower percentage than those in adipose tissue.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from lung similar to adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and expressed common markers associated with adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells.

Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium are an important cause of community and hospital acquired. infections caused by methicillin resistant S. aureus are mainly nosocomial and are increasing in all around the world. Many attempts have been made by the researchers to find new compounds as an appropriate substitute for these antibiotics. The aim of this study is evaluation and comparison of antibacterial activity of Malva neglecta extracts and nanosilver particles against resistant Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. In this study aquatic and ethanolic extracts of Malva neglecta leaves prepared, and MIC and MBC of extracts and nanosilver particles for Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium calculated with broth macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods. In animal model study, 5×105 CFU/ml of eacth bacteia was inoculated intraperitoneally and after 24 h, 0.5 cc (as MBC concentration of each extracts and nanosilver particles) of each Malva neglecta extracts and nanosilver particles inoculate i.p to female BALB/c mice. Then, the count of baceria in spleen were determined on Muller-Hinton agar after 7 days as the standard protocol. Results indicated that MIC and MBC of Malva neglecta aquatic extract for Staphylococus aureus were 3.2 and 6.5 mg/ml and for ethanolic extract were 6.5 and 13 mg/ml and for nanosilver particles were 6.2 and 12.5 ppm, respectively and MIC and MBC of Malva neglecta aquatic and ethanolic extracts for Salmonella typhimurium were equal to 52.2 and 104.5 mg/ml and for nanosilver particles were 12.5 and 25 ppm, respectively. The in vivo average grown Staphylococus aureus 24 hours after of culture of spleen supernatant for aquatic and ethanolic extracts were 3×103 CFU/ml and 2×104 CFU/ml and for nanosilver particles were 300CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (3×107 CFU/ml). Also this in vivo results for Salmonella typhimurium were 6×103 CFU/ml and 7×104 CFU/ml for aquatic and ethanolic extracts for nanosilver particles were 500 CFU/ml, respectively in comparison with control group (4×108 CFU/ml). Conclotion: Overally in vitro and animal model the results indicated that aquatic extract of Malva neglecta and nanosilver particles were shown the most effective antimicrobial activity on Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella typhimurim in comparison with ethanolic extract and they can be useful in production of new drugs.

Leishmaniasis is an important health problem in Iran. Considering the importance of the disease and its resistance to the chemical drugs، this study aimed to examine the effect of artemether on the recovery of lesions caused by Leishmania major. This experimental study was performed on 25 Balb/c mice in 5 groups: two groups were treated with artemether (ointment and injection)، one group with glucantime and the two control groups. The mice infected with Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) were treated for two weeks. Finally، the lesion diameter was evaluated. Mean diameter of lesion in the infected group treated with ointment of artemether decreased from 1. 294 to 0. 214 cm; five days after the start of treatment until the end of treatment، a significant difference was seen in the mean diameter of lesions between the infected group treated with artemether and the untreated group (P<0. 05). Mean diameter of lesion in the infected group treated with artemether injection decreased from 0. 913 to 0. 256 cm; four days after the start of treatment until the end of treatment، a significant difference was seen in the mean diameter of lesions between the infected group treated with artemether and untreated group (P<0. 05). Moreover، five days after the start of treatment until the end of treatment، a significant difference was seen in the mean diameter of lesions between the group treated with glucantime and untreated group (P<0. 05). Administration of artemether ointment، as a painless and easy method، is effective in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Garlic components may change due to its enzymes activity such as alliance. In this research the effect of three months old garlic on the growth of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells was examined in comparison with fresh garlic in Balb/c mice. In this interventional study 40 female inbred Balb/c mice were designated into 5 groups. WEHI-164 cells were injected subcutaneously in the chest of animal. Two weeks before and three weeks after injection of cancer cells، 0. 2 cc of normal saline or 20 mg/kg extracts of fresh or three months old garlic was injected intraperitoneally (IP) to mice. Five days after cells’ injection until day 21، every other day، and the mean size of tumors was measured and compared with each other، using ANOVA test. The antioxidant potential of extracts and the amount of total phenolic were also measured. The amount of phenolic compounds in fresh garlic extract was 12. 61mg/g and in three months old garlic was 2. 89 mg/g. The efficiency of fresh garlic (35. 63) was further compared with three month old garlic (10. 2) in prevention of oxidation (p<0. 05). The mean size of tumors in groups which received fresh garlic was smaller than that of control group. This tumor size was increased by time، so that a significant difference in mention groups could be seen on days 17، 19 and 21 (p=0. 001). Injection of 3-months old garlic had no effect on inhibition of growth of cancer cells compared to control group (P=0. 61). Findings showed that garlic consumption might have important role in control and prevention of fibrosarcoma growth. But along with time the beneficial effect of garlic on cancer cells is reduced. Therefore، fresh garlic consumption is recommended.

Leishmanization (LZ) is an effective tool to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis. Standardization of Leishmania is the main drawback of LZ. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of various preservatives on the infectivity of Leishmania. L. major harvested at different stages of growth; logarithmic, early and late stationary phases were frozen using various preservatives of saccharose, glycerol, trehalose, glucose, sorbitol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The harvested parasites were inoculated into BALB/c mice before and after freezing. The infectivity of the parasites was checked. IFA test was used to assess the rate of metacyclic parasite. The ratio of live Leishmania in different growth stages and various preservatives were 89.0% to 98.2%. The lesion development in groups of mice which received Leishmania in sacarose + glycerol or DMSO was started from 3rd week and at 5th week all the mice showed lesion. The group of mice which were inoculated with early or late stationary phases in saccharose + glucose, saccharose + glycerol, glycerol 15% or DMSO showed lesion from 4th to 5th week and in 100% showed lesions at 8th week. The rate of metacyclic parasites increases from log phase to early and late stationary phases. There was a correlation between percent of live parasite and the rate of lesion development in BALB/c mice. Saccharose 22.5% + Glyserol 22.5% were the most appropriate preservative to freeze L. major. IFA test is used to detect metacyclic Leishmania. A correlation was seen between the rate of lesion development in BALB/c mice and IFA positivity.

Garlic has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity in some studies; however its effect on fibrosarcoma is not evident. This study intends to examine the preventive and curative effects of fresh garlic extract and its aerial parts on the growth of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells in Balb/c mice.

In this preclinical study, 48 female inbred Balb/c mice(6 to 7 weeks old) were divided in to 6 groups of 8 each. A single aliquot of WEHI-164 cells(5 × 106 cells/100 μl) was injected subcutaneously in the chest of animal. Two weeks before or three weeks after cell injection, 0.2 cc of normal saline or 20 mg/kg extract of garlic or its aerial parts were injected intraperitoneally(IP) to the Balb/c mice. The tumors sizes were compared with each other, using ANOVA test. The antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of the extracts were also assessed.

The mean sizes of tumor growth in groups which received fresh garlic extract or its aerial parts were smaller than that of control group. However this difference was significant on the 21st day only in garlic extract group(p<0.05). The antioxidant power of fresh garlic involved 35.6%, whereas for its aerial parts it was 15.3%. Moreover, the general amount of phenol in fresh garlic was 12.61 mg/g and in its aerial parts was 2.44 mg/g.

Garlic consumption might have a crucial role in prevention and control of fibrosarcoma growth. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of garlic aerial parts are less in comparison to garlic itself, however, higher doses might have anticancer activity

Regarding the immunomodulatory effects of lactobacillus bacteria, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri, as probiotic bacteria, on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation in Balb/c mice with breast adenocarcinoma. A total of 30 female mice, aged 6- 8 weeks and with a weight of approximately 17- 19 g, were randomly divided into two groups of 15 mice. The case group received Lactobacillus reuteri at a dose of 2.7× 108 bacteria in half a milliliter of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the control group only received PBS. The probiotic group received the regimen for two weeks prior to tumor transplantation, as they did for 30 days after transplantation with three-day intervals and durations of seven days. For the evaluation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and also tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation response, LDH and BrdU assays were performed respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions. The study showed that the mice in the case group which were receiving Lactobacillus reuteri had statistically significant differences in the replication of tumor -specific lymphocytes, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity responses Compared to the mice in the control group. Daily consumption of probiotics seems to regulate the immune system and consequently it can be helpful in people with cancer. Moreover, consumption of probiotics in healthy individuals can also boost the efficiency of the immune system against a variety of abnormalities.

Developing a new generation of vaccines based on heat shock protein (HSP) is a new emerging field of medical researches that makes new promises to effective prevention or eradication of infectious diseases and cancers. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of systemic injection of live Candida albicans on counts and compositions of splenocytes. It also surveyed the electrophoretic profile of the cells lysates with special focus on HSP molecules. A total number of 30 inbreed BALB/c mice were purchased. After adaptation to the animal house, they were divided into 2 groups (a test and a control group). Following booster immunizations using the multistep injection protocol, the mice in the test group received a high dose of 4×106 cells of live Candida albicans through the tail vein. All of the mice were killed on day 7, and the splenocytes suspensions were prepared aseptically.Total and differential counting of cells were performed using hematologic staining and microscopic observation. HSP90 contents of the splenocytes were assayed using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The cell lysates went under electrophoretic and western blot analysis using HSP70 and HSP90 specific antibodies. Systemic Candida injection to mice led to increased total spleen cells and significant increment of monocyte differential counts. The splenocytes from the test group showed 13 folds increase in HSP70 contents (ELISA, P < 0.001). Electrophoretic analysis followed by western blotting of the cells lysates showed 11 and 7.3 folds increments in HSP70 and HSP90 contents, respectively, compared to the controls. Systemic injection of live Candida albicans leads to accumulation of the macrophages in the spleen. It also significantly increases the mean HSP70 and HSP90 contents of each splenocyte.