جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ناگویی هیجانی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 With the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries in the world implemented necessary quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus. Research shows that quarantine measures can affect mental health; therefore, it is important to identify the psychological characteristics that make people more vulnerable. One of the factors that may increase the occurrence of psychological disorders in adolescents under these conditions is alexithymia. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating alexithymia and its components in adolescents with and without pets during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The current study employs a descriptive and post-event comparative method, and the statistical population encompasses both adolescents with and without pets. The available sampling method selected 120 people, 60 of whom had pets and 60 of whom did not. The tools of this research were a demographic questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS version 26 at the level of significance less than 0.05.

The results indicated a significant difference in alexithymia between adolescents with and without a pet (t=2.441, P=0.016), with adolescents with a pet exhibiting a higher average of alexithymia compared to those without a pet. In addition, there is a difference between the component of objective thinking in adolescents with and without a pet (F=7.608, P=0.007). This means that the component of objective thinking in female adolescents who have a pet is higher than in male adolescents (F=7.622, P=0.008).

The psychological construct of alexithymia significantly differs between adolescents with and without pets during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, adolescent girls struggle with objective thinking, tend to focus on concrete events under stress, tend to care for pets more frequently, and struggle with communication skills.

Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune, psychosomatic diseases of the skin, which is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty in expressing negative feelings. The role of emotional experiences and especially alexithymia in the clinical course of many skin diseases has been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of alexithymia and psychological distress in predicting the degree of itching and the severity of the disease in people with psoriasis. The statistical population of the study was psoriasis sufferers in 1401 from Tehran. For this purpose, with the available sampling method, 187people with psoriasis who were members of the Iranian Psoriasis Association participated in the research online. Toronto alexithymia Questionnaire (TAS-20), Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Psoriasis Level and Severity Index (PASI) and self-report itch intensity measurement were completed. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between alexithymia, psychological distress, severity of itching and severity of the disease. Stepwise regression was used to investigate the moderating role of alexithymia between psychological distress and itching severity. The findings show that the beta related to the interaction of alexithymia and psychological distress is significant in predicting 34%of itching in psoriasis. But these results were not significant for predicting the severity of the disease by emotional ataxia and psychological distress.

Divorce and its unfavorable behavioral consequences have numerous undesirable effects on children. For this reason, investigating the psychological factors affecting these consequences is of great importance.

The present research was conducted aiming to compare processing speed, selective attention, planning, and alexithymia between children of divorce and normal children.

The current research was a descriptive and causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all 8-12-year-old female and male students in the 14th and 15th districts of the city of Tehran in the academic year of 2023-2024. Of this population, 80 people were selected as children of divorce and 80 people as normal children by the convenience method and purposefully. Connors’ Neuropsychology Inventory (2004) and Bagby et al.’s (1994) Alexithymia Scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test by SPSS version 24 software.

According to the t-test results, all research variables, including processing speed, selective attention, planning, and alexithymia, were significantly different in the two groups of children of divorce and normal children (P<0.05). Accordingly, in the variables of processing speed, selective attention, and planning, the mean score of normal children was higher than that of children of divorce, but in the components of alexithymia, including difficulty in identifying emotions, difficulty in describing emotions, and objective thinking, the mean score of children of divorce was higher than that of normal children.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that parents’ divorce is considered a factor for the occurrence of problems in children’s processing speed, selective attention, planning, and alexithymia, so paying attention to children of divorce is of great importance.

Knowing some emotional components and personality traits underlying the tendency to use drugs among young people is highly sensitive; In this regard, this study investigates Formulation of a Model of Substance Use Tendency Based on Alexithymia and Impulsivity with the Mediation of Mentalization.

The present descriptive-correlation method was a type of structural equation modeling methods. The statistical population of the research was all the youth of Kermanshah city in 2023. For this purpose, 420 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered The Iranian Addiction Potential Scale, Toronto alexithymia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Reflective Function Questionnaire. The data obtained from the considered questionnaires were analyzed by AMOS and SPSS version 23.

The results showed that the assumed model of the current research has the necessary fit with the data. The results obtained from structural equation modeling indicated that the direct path of the variable of alexithymia (β = 0.63, T = 5.99), impulsivity (β = 0.37, T = 4.28), certainty (β= -0.66, T=-4.81) and uncertainty (β=0.62, T=-7.70) on the tendency to substance use were significant. Also, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = -0.39) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = -0.46) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (certainty). In addition, the indirect effect of alexithymia (P< 0.05, b = 0.52) and impulsivity (P< 0.05, b = 0.60) It was significant on the tendency to use substance through the mediating role of mentalization (uncertainty).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that a coherent understanding of the components of alexithymia and impulsivity and especially mentalization in the pathology of addiction is a key element in the evaluation. And probably the clinical work with patients addicted to narcotic substance and also other people who tend to use substance.

Many studies have studied the etiology of eating and sleeping disorders. However, the success rate of the current treatments of these two disorders has been limited due to insufficient knowledge of the psychological mechanisms involved. The present study was conducted with the aim of development of a structural model for symptoms of eating disorders and sleep problems based on childhood trauma with the mediation of alexithymia.

The present study was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the people who referred to the clinics and psychological service centers of Tehran in 2023. Among the statistical population, 280 people were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools were: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, Sleep Disorder Questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 23 software were used.

The findings indicated the fit of the desired model. The obtained results indicated the indirect effect of childhood trauma on eating disorders (P<0.05, β=0.47) and sleep problems (P<0.05, β=0.51) through alexithymia. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 69% of the variance of eating disorders and 79% of the variance of sleep problems.

The results showed that alexithymia is a factor that makes people with primary trauma more vulnerable to eating and sleeping disorders. Future research could improve treatment outcomes for eating and sleep disorders by adding clinical interventions that target alexithymia.

Irritable bowel syndrome in children is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and changes in colon habits, including frequent stools and constipation. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on alexithymia, pain intensity, and emotional regulation of children with irritable bowel syndrome.

The present research method was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population of the research included children suffering from irritable bowel syndrome in Rasht city in 2023. The study sample consists of 30 patients selected using purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The collection tools included questionnaires for alexithymia (Bagby et al., 2003), pain intensity (Von Korff et al., 2016), and emotion regulation (Gross & John, 2003). The experimental group received eight 90-minute mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sessions based on Segal et al. (2018), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS24.

The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduced the difficulty in identifying emotions (26.01), the difficulty in describing emotions (22.76), extraverted thinking (30.36), pain intensity (19.85), disability (32.38), suppression (32.89) and increased re-evaluation (23.39) of children with irritable bowel syndrome (P<0.01).

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be utilized as an effective intervention in managing this syndrome. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended that this type of therapy be considered as part of treatment programs for children with irritable bowel syndrome to help alleviate their emotional and physical problems.

Considering the prevalence and consequences of non-suicidal self-injury, it is necessary to identify and treat the mechanisms involved in NSSI. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy specifically targets mechanisms thought to be involved in the initiation and maintenance of NSSI; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury.

The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Among the people referring to the clinics and counseling centers in Tehran, 30 people who had the highest score in the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and The control group (15 people) was replaced. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but the control group did not receive any specific intervention. The research tools were: nonsuicidal self-injury questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis method.

The results indicate the significant effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury in the post-test stage (P<0.05).

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, by directly addressing the mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury, offers great promise as a transdiagnostic therapy that can be a successful intervention for individuals who engage in self-injurious behaviors. Therefore, according to the obtained findings, therapists can use this intervention to reduce alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury.

Adolescent students are one of the groups at risk of suicide, and suicidal thoughts are an important predictive factor for committing suicide and completing it. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of modeling suicidal thoughts based on insecure attachment style, mentalizing ability and alexithymia in female students of the high school.
 

The descriptive-correlation research method was structural equations. The statistical population of the research included secondary school female students in Tehran city who had suicidal thoughts. The statistical sample included 220 students who were selected by purposive sampling. In this research, questionnaires of attachment styles, reflective functioning, alexithymia scale, and Beck suicidal thoughts were used. The research data was analyzed using Spss and Amos software and with the help of structural equation modeling method.
 

The results showed the direct effect of the variable of ambivalent insecure attachment (T = 0.39, β = 2.80), avoidant insecure attachment (β = 0.68, T = 3.01), confidence (T = 53.7 - 16). β = 0.68), uncertainty (T = 0.92, β = 0.68) and alexithymia (β = 0.43, T = 3.91) were significant on suicidal thoughts. Also, the indirect effect of the insecure avoidant attachment style variable on suicidal thoughts through the role of alexithymia (p < 0.05, b = 0.56) and the indirect effect of the confidence variable (mentalizing component) on suicidal thoughts through the mediating role of alexithymia (05 p < 0.42, b = -0.42) and the indirect effect of uncertainty variable (mentalization component) on suicidal thoughts through the mediator role of alexithymia is significant (p < 0.05, b = 0.61). The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 53% of the variance of suicidal thoughts.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that a better clinical understanding of alexithymia in the pathology of suicidal thoughts is a key element in the evaluation and clinical work with female students. Therefore, it is suggested to pay special attention to treatments based on emotion regulation and alexithymia with the aim of reducing suicidal thoughts in female students.

Migraine headaches are one of the psychosomatic disorders that severely impair patients' quality of life and general functioning by mediating psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of pain intensity in the relationship between psychosomatic components on quality of life in these patients.

Methods and Materials:

 In this cross-sectional study, 250 patients with migraine were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria among people with migraine referred to the Pain and Neurology Clinic affiliated to Isfahan Medical Sciences in 2020 through available sampling. In the appropriate psychological situation, after justifying the goals of the research, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-26), Von Korff’s Pain Intensity Scale (PIS) and also the Diagnostic criteria for psychosomatic research Questionnaire (DCPR) were completed.

The results showed that there was no significant correlation between pain intensity and other variables and only psychosomatic components had a significant negative correlation with quality of life dimensions and Also, in the path analysis model, no significant direct and indirect relationship was found between psychosomatic components and pain intensity with different dimensions of quality of life, although the proposed path analysis model showed a good fit.

The findings of this study suggest the development of psychological intervention packages based on the explanatory model for the correction of Alexithymia, irritable mood, health anxiety and type A behavior in order to improve the quality of life of migraine patients.

Menstrual pain syndrome appears as a clinical disease with the occurrence of physical and mental cycles unrelated to any natural disease during the five days before menstruation. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on emotional self-awareness, emotional dyslexia and pain intensity in girls suffering from menstrual pain.

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was all female students in the second year of high school in Mashhad in the academic year of 2022-2023, who were selected by cluster sampling of 30 people and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received commitment and acceptance therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were Riff's emotional self-awareness questionnaire (2008), Toronto's emotional dyslexia (1994) and menstrual pain intensity scale. The research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The findings showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment has a significant effect on emotional self-awareness, emotional dyslexia and pain intensity in girls suffering from menstrual pain (p<0.05). In fact, treatment based on acceptance and commitment increases emotional self-awareness and reduces emotional ataxia and pain intensity in girls suffering from menstrual pain.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment teaches girls how to experience thoughts, feelings and emotions without judgment and emotional disturbance in the mind. This process, by helping the therapist to understand the physical feelings, the ability to recognize and separate emotions, leads to a reduction in the intensity of menstrual pain.

The prevalence of Self-injury in adolescents is increasing and therefore it has become a widespread public health problem, and adolescents who self-harm are significantly at risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of formulation the model of self-injurious behaviors based on the experience of childhood trauma and alexithymia with the mediation of mentalization in adolescents.

The present research was correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research was all teenagers in Tehran in 2023, among them 230 people were available for selection and Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software were used.

The results showed the direct effect of childhood trauma (T = 0.55, β = 2.20), alexithymia (β = 0.46, T = 2.55), mentalization (confidence component) (T = -9.58 β = -0.88) and mentalization (uncertainty component) (T = -0.6, β = 0.53) were significant on self-injurious behaviors. In addition, the indirect effect of childhood trauma on self-injurious behaviors through mentalization (confidence component) (P < 0.05, β = -0.41). Moreover, mentalization played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and alexithymia with self-injurious behaviors. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 71% of the variance of self-injurious behaviors.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that despite traumatic experiences in childhood and emotional dyslexia, teenagers will have the ability to regulate emotions if they acquire high psychological capacity and understanding and insight into their mental processes and self-control over internal processes. and they engage in self-harm behaviors less. Therefore, it is suggested to pay special attention to treatments based on emotion regulation and mentalization with the aim of reducing self-harm behaviors in teenagers.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.

This was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test ,a two months' follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain in Isfahan city in 2022. Sampling was done through convenience sampling method among the volunteer patients referred to private clinics in two stages. 24 patients with chronic pain who scored above 60 in Toronto alexithymia questionnaire (1994) were selected and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 12). The instruments included  Sullivan's pain catastrophizing scale questionnaire (1995) and Taylor and Cox's anxiety sensitivity questionnaire (1998. The experimental group received cognitive analytical therapy for 16 90-minute sessions once a week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measure and ANOVA analysis.

The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the adjusted mean of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in the two groups. The mean scores of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing variables increased in post-test and follow-up phase (P<0/05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive analytic therapy was effective for anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing pain in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia (P<0/05).

Considering the effect of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing, this treatment method can be used to improve patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.

The present study was conducted to investigate The effectiveness of mindfulness based stress reduction training on the cognitive fustion and alexitimia of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder. The present study was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the research included adolescents with internalized behavior disorder who were studying in the first period of secondary school in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Qom city. 37 adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (19 people) and control groups (17 people). The experimental group received ten ninty-minute sessions of mindfulness based stress reduction training during ten weeks. The applied questionnaires included Cognitive Fustion Questionnaire (Gillanders et al, 2014), Alexitimia Questionnaire (Bagby, Parker, Taylor, 1994) and Children and Adolescents Behavioral Inventory (Achenbach, Rescorla, 2001) (CABI). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that mindfulness based stress reduction training has significant effect on the cognitive fustion and (F=39.15; Eta=0.53; P<0001) and alexitimia (F=73.07; Eta=0. 68; P<0001) of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness based stress reduction training can be used as an efficient method to decreace cognitive fustion and alexitimia of adolescents with internalizing behavior disorder through applying the how to deal with stress and act mindfully (breathing, eating, sitting and walking mindfully).

Infidelity in married life is a major cause of marital dissatisfaction and also the main cause of psychological problems, conflicts and marital incompatibilities, this research aims to compare the effectiveness of Emotion Focused, acceptance and commitment and positive interventions on marital boredom and Alexithymia of women affected by infidelity was done.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with three experimental groups and one control group along with a follow-up test. 43 people were selected from the community of women referring to psychological clinics due to the damage caused by marital infidelity, using the available sampling method and using the random replacement method in three groups (Emotion Focused, acceptance and commitment and positive interventions) were replaced. The research tools were questionnaires of marital boredom (Pines, 1996) and Alexithymia (Bagbi et al., 1994). The data were analyzed using the repeated measurement test and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The findings showed that Emotion Focused therapy was significantly more effective than acceptance and commitment and positivity (p<0.005) and acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than positivity therapy on marital burnout (0.005). >p). Also, the results showed that Emotion Focused therapy was more effective than positive-oriented therapy on Alexithymia (p<0.005).

According to the findings of the present study, Emotion Focused therapy can be suggested as a more effective method to improve the marital life of people affected by infidelity.

 The commitment of nurses to their jobs and patients has made nursing one of the human service professions susceptible to burnout syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict burnout based on metacognitive beliefs and alexithymia with the mediation of optimism in nurses.

 The current research was based on applied purpose and descriptive-correlational research design, specifically, structural equation modeling. The statistical population in this research was all the nurses in the hospitals of Qom City in 1401, and 200 nurses were randomly selected to participate in the present research. In this field study, the participants completed  Burnout questionnaires by Meslech and Jackson (1986), a metacognition questionnaire by Wells and Cartwright-Houghton (2004), the Toronto dyslexia scale, and the Scheer and Carver optimism scale (1994). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and structural equation model using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.

 The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the variables are significant (p<0.01) and there is a positive and significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs and alexithymia with burnout in nurses, and there is a negative and significant relationship between optimism and burnout (p<0.01). Also, there was a negative and significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs and alexithymia and nurses' optimism (p<0.01). Also, the results of the path analysis showed that optimism plays a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and alexithymia with nurses' burnout.

 In general, current research emphasizes the importance of optimism in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and alexithymia with nurses' burnout and optimism is an effective factor in reducing nurses' burnout.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on experiential avoidance and cognitive emotion regulation in Patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.

This research was a experiential study with pre, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all patients with chronic pain in Isfahan city in 1400. Sampling was done by available and voluntary sampling method and in two stages. In this way, 24 patients with chronic pain who scored above 60 in the Tronto alexithymia questionnaire (1994) were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n = 12). The experimental group received online emotion-focused group therapy for 12 weekly sessions. Instruments were Karnfeskesʼs Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(2001) and  Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2011) which were completed in three stages of the research. data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis.

The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the adjusted averages of experiential avoidance and cognitive emotion regulation in the two groups (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion focused therapy is effective on experiential avoidance and cognitive emotion regulation in Patients with chronic pain and alexithymia (P<0.05).

Considering the effect of emotion focused therapy on research variables, this treatment method can be used to improve Patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.

Health and mental health of the medical staff is one of the social needs, because taking care of patients requires medical personnel who are in a favorable state in terms of mental and physical health. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of attachment styles and alexithymia on psychological distress with the mediation of mentalization in nurses.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation type of structural equations. The research community included all the nurses working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran in 2023, and 210 of them were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, adult attachment inventory, reflective functioning questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software were used.

The findings indicate the fit of the assumed model. The direct effect of secure attachment (β = -0.28, T=-4.04) and mentalization (confidence component) (β = -0.26, T=-2.93) on psychological distress was significant and negative. Also, the direct path of ambivalent insecure attachment (T = 0.38, β = 3.63), avoidant insecure attachment (β = 0.32, T = 6.24), alexithymia (T = 0.44, 10.80) β) and mentalization (uncertainty component) (T = 4.04, β = 0.45) were significant and positive on psychological distress. The analysis of research findings indicated the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia with psychological distress. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 78% of the variance of psychological distress.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that one of the important structures that is obtained through interpersonal relationships in childhood, especially attachment relationships, is the capacity for mentalization. Caregivers who develop secure attachment usually have a good capacity for mentalizing. On the other hand, improving the mentalizing capacity, reducing interpersonal stress, and increasing confidence as a result of secure attachment relationships make people use more mature mechanisms in stressful situations; Therefore, the existence of mentalizing capacity increases people's resilience and protects them from psychological distress, including depression.

The occurrence of risky behaviors in Iranian society has turned into a social concern. Additionally, risk-taking affects the health of adolescents negatively and it is suggested that committing risk-taking behaviors at least once during adolescence is associated with the likelihood of other problems and maladjustment in adulthood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between risk-taking based on parenting styles and Alexithymia in adolescents from the city of Mashhad, with the mediating role of perceived social support and the extent of social media use with the regulating role of gender.

The method of the present study is applied and correlational. The population consisted of all the high school students aged 14-18 in the first, third, and fifth districts of Mashhad, during the second semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The sample consisted of 600 students in ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades selected based on convenience sampling. The data collection for the study included the Iranian Adolescents’ Risk-Taking Scale (Zadeh Mohammadi, 2011), The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Taylor, 1986), The Perception of Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Grolnick et al., 1997), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Scale of Social Media Use Questionnaire (Hosseini Esfidvadjani, 2021). Data analysis was conducted using path analysis modeling and test of mediating effects in the proposed model with the bootstrap method using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software.

The results of this study indicate that the proposed model fits well with the data. A significant negative relationship can be detected between the perception of parenting styles and perceived social support with risk-taking in both girls and boys. In addition, a significant positive relationship is detected between alexithymia and risk-taking in both girls and boys (P<0.01). Furthermore, the study confirms the mediating role of social support and the extent of social media use in relation to perceiving parenting styles and alexithymia with adolescent risk-taking (p<0.01).

Based on the results of this study, we can state that the variables of perceived social support and the extent of social media use play a mediating role in the relationship between risk-taking and the perception of parenting style and alexithymia in adolescent girls and boys.

People who have experienced childhood trauma are at high risk of developing complex psychiatric disorders. For this reason, it is necessary to identify and treat effective mechanisms between traumatic experiences and psychiatric problems; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Alexithymia, Experiential Avoidance and Self-Compassion in Adults with Childhood Trauma Experience.

The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Among the people who experienced childhood trauma and referred to clinics and counseling centers in Tehran, 30 people were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and a control group (15 people). The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but the control group did not receive any specific intervention. The research tools were: Bernstein et al.'s Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003), Bagby et al.'s Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), Bond et al.'s Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (2011), Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (2003). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The mean post-test scores of alexithymia and experiential avoidance in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group. Also, the mean scores of the self-compassion post-test in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The results indicate a significant effect of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in reducing alexithymia (F=70.247, P=0.001), experiential avoidance (F=74.364, P=0.001) and increasing self-compassion. (F=14.569, P=0.001) in people with childhood trauma experience.

The findings of this study, in line with the background of the research, showed the effectiveness of this treatment approach on the psychological components of adults with childhood trauma experience, although additional studies in this field are suggested.

Behavioral dependence on the Internet, regardless of whether it is considered a psychological injury or a social problem, is a chronic and recurrent phenomenon that is associated with serious physical, financial, family, social and psychological harm, and in this regard, factors such as psychological, Cognitive, familial and social factors are involved. The goal of this study is to investigate the Comparison of impulsivity, Alexitima and self-harming behaviors in students with Internet addiction and normal students.

The research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all undergraduate girl students of Kosar University of Bojnord in the academic year 1399-1400, of which  140 of them (70 internet addicted students and 70 regular students) were selected by convenience sampling method. The Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1996), the Toronto Alexitima Questionnaire (1994), the Bart Impulsivity Questionnaire (2004), and the Samson Self-Injury Questionnaire (1988) were used. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS-20 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between Internet addicts and normal students in terms of impulsivity, Alexitima, self-harming behavior and subscales of cognitive, motor, unplanned impulsivity, difficulty in recognizing emotions, difficulty in describing emotions and objective thinking (P<0.05).

It can be concluded that Internet addicted students have more impulsivity, Alexitima and self-harming behavior than normal students.