جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "هوشبری" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Operating room personnel are exposed to all kinds of mental and physical pressures due to the stressful conditions of the work environment, their job duties, and responsibilities. Since the health and mental and physical health of people working in the operating room plays a significant role in the correct performance of duties and effective and safe care of patients; The present study was conducted to determine the level of anxiety, sleep quality, and the relationship between them in operating room and anesthesia nurses.

This descriptive-cross-sectional study was performed on 254 operating room and anesthesia nurses working in educational and non-educational hospitals. The data was collected using the demographic information questionnaire, the BAI - Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software version 22.

The findings showed that 40.6% of anesthesia and operating room nurses did not have anxiety, while 32.7% of people had mild anxiety, 21.3% had moderate anxiety, and 5.5% had severe anxiety. 42.1 % of people reported good sleep quality and 57.9 % reported poor sleep quality. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive relationship between anxiety and sleep quality (r = 0.37).

Due to the correlation between anxiety and sleep quality, it is recommended to regularly monitor the anxiety and sleep quality of the operating room and anesthesia nurses, and if necessary, by determining the cause-and-effect relationship, appropriate intervention measures should be designed to improve the health of operating room and anesthesia nurses.

Introduction</strong>: Clinical education as one of the critical educational stages has a crucial role in the training and education of human resources and professional future. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the factors affecting the quality of clinical education and compare the views of anesthesia and operating room students in this field.
Methods</strong>: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 126 students were selected by non-random and quota methods. The data collection was carried out by a standardized questionnaire which included two sections: demographic data and the second section which involved: objectives and training program, instructor’ performance, communication between the instructor and the operating room staff, educational environment, monitoring and evaluation of clinical education. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 21, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, independent t-test and Friedman test.</span>
Findings</strong>: From the students' point of view, the average of clinical education was at a medium level and according to the chi-square test, operating room and anesthesia of disciplines showed no significant difference among different dimensions of clinical education quality and its levels (P≥0.05</span>). The results of the Friedman educational environment test were ranked first and the instructors were ranked last but according to Friedman test, the educational environment was in the first grade and the instructors were in the last.
Conclusion</strong>: Considering the effect of clinical education in students’ professional abilities shaping, it is suggested that in addition to reviewing and eliminating the shortcomings and deficiencies of this field by the officials, increasing the scientific and practical competence of the instructor should be considered and besides that accurate formulation and implementation clinical education objectives and programs in accordance with students’ needs should be given priority in educational planning.</span>

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the common problems in most work environments and work ability is considered a factor affecting the performance and productivity of employees. In the present study, the status of these two components and their relationship with each other in the staff working in the operating room were investigated.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2023. In this research, 96 employees working in the operating rooms of government hospitals in Hamadan, Iran were enrolled by census sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. The data were collected through the Nordic standard questionnaire and the work ability index questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) at two levels of descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test) statistics.

In this study, 4 (4.2%) of the participants had one musculoskeletal disorder and the remaining 91 personnel (95.8%) had more than one disorder in their musculoskeletal systems. Average work ability index was 42.3±04.91. The results of the independent t-test showed that the work ability index among people with pain in the neck (P=0.003), shoulders (P=0.001), elbows (P=0.038), back (P=0.011), knees (P=0.001), and legs (P=0.002) were less than those without pain in these organs.

Results indicated the need to pay more attention to the implementation of ergonomic work environment and management interventions to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and thereby increase the efficiency and effectiveness of personnel.

One of the constructs of the work relationships is job involvement, which can increase motivation in workplace and ultimately improve work performance. This study aims to evaluate the job involvement status of anesthesia interns of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all students in anesthesia internship from AJUMS in 2022. The data collection tools included the Lodahl and Kejner’s job involvement scale and a demographic form. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean age of the participants was 22.4 years. The mean score of job involvement was 44.87±8.15, indicating a moderate level. According to independent t test results, there was no significant difference in job involvement based on demographic factors (P>0.05).

The job involvement of anesthesia interns from AJUMS is moderate, not high. Therefore, there is a need to improve their job involvement using educational programs provided periodically and continuously for anesthesia students.

Anesthesiology experts are exposed to significant risks due to advancements in anesthesia techniques and surgery, as well as the emergence of modern equipment and newer drugs, along with increased responsibilities and expectations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for assessing the risks and hazards existing in this profession.

Initially, various sources, including interviews with experts and reviews of articles, were used to extract occupational risks in the field of nurse anesthetist. Subsequently, the study criteria, including consequence, probability, and exposure, were determined, and the weighting of these criteria was calculated using AHP.Finally, the prioritization of different risks was determined using CoCoSo.

Based on the results of determining the weights of criteria using the AHP, it was identified that the consequence with a weight of 0.43 is the most important criterion, while the exposure criterion with a weight of 0.27 is the least important criterion in this study. Also, among the investigated risks, inhaling anesthetic gases while wearing a mask, filling a vaporizer(R5) was selected as the most dangerous risk, followed by skin contact with scrubs or blood, patient's secretions or infected tissues(R1), needle sticking during venipuncture,patient's spinal anesthesia(R12), which were selected as the second and third most dangerous risks in anesthesiology experts job, respectively.

In this study it was established that the proposed method can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of occupational hazards in the job of a nurse anesthetist as well as other professions

Having Committed, knowledgeable, and loyal employees are the most critical factors for the success of an organization. Organizational commitment refers to employees' beliefs, values, and opinions about staying in the organization. So, Considering the importance of Organizational commitment, this study has investigated the Organizational commitment status of senior anesthesia students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) (2022).

Methods & Materials:

This research is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The research community included 32 senior anesthesia students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The research tools included the Meyer and Allen’s organizational commitment questionnaire and a demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 software, and Descriptive and inferenced statistical tests were applied.

The average score of Organizational commitment was 71.34±9.7. The results showed that the level of organizational commitment of the students was moderate. Additionally, the average organizational commitment based on gender, age, and clinical experience was not significant. But, the average organizational commitment based on marital status was significant (p = 0.01).

  The findings of the research showed that the Organizational commitment of senior anesthesia students is not at a suitable level. Most of the research units have a moderate level of organizational commitment. Considering the effective relationship of organizational commitment on performance, it is suggested that educational programs on organizational commitment be taught periodically and continuously for anesthesia students.

The operating room is a space dedicated to anesthesia and surgery teams for performing surgeries, and providing quality services in it requires a wide range of training and professional principles. The present study tries to take a step towards improving medical ethics and solving the problems of professional ethics by explaining and analyzing the clinical experiences of the anesthesiology and operating room students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in relation to professional ethics in the operating room environment.

The design of this study is a descriptive qualitative study with the method of conventional content analysis, which was done with in-depth semi-structured interviews and using open-ended questions from the students of the operating room and anesthesiology departments of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, who have at least two internships in the operating room field. The collected data were analyzed based on the model proposed by Elo and Kingas.

In total, 255 semantic units were extracted from 10 interviews that were conducted with the participants; The classification of the codes led us to 6 main categories and 24 subcategories. The main topics are: 1- Understanding the concept of medical ethics and professional ethics 2- Frequently used ethical issues in the operating room 3- The most examples of violations of professional ethics in the operating room 4- Individual factors affecting compliance or violation of ethics in the operating room 5- Management and organizational factors affecting compliance or violation of ethics in the operating room 6- Environmental and physical factors affecting compliance or violation of ethics in the operating room

The clinical experience of operating room and anesthesiology students showed that they have a correct understanding of the concept of medical ethics and professional ethics, and they recognize well the factors affecting compliance or violation of professional ethics; If this topic is accompanied by the guidance of professors; It can help to improve the moral status of the operating room. It can also provide good suggestions to hospital managers for the moral improvement of medical centers, which the findings of the present study are in this direction.

Abstract

Paying attention to human resources is one of the basic principles for increasing productivity and quality of services in hospitals. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the level of job satisfaction and job stress, and the association between these two components in nurses, operating room, and anesthesia staff

This is a descriptive causal-comparative study, performed in December 2019 in Zabol hospitals with the participation of 175 nurses, operating room, and anesthesia staff. A three-part questionnaire consists of demographic information, job satisfaction, and job stress was used to collect Data. Then analysis of data was performed using SPSS 20 and the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and ANOVA.

In this study, it was found that nursing group had the highest job satisfaction and anesthesia and operating room staff had the lower job satisfaction. Also, the highest and lowest levels of job stress were related to anesthesiologists and nurses, respectively, and the differences in both variables were significant between the three groups. Moreover, the results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and job stress, totally.

Due to that anesthesia staff was in a more unfavorable situation than the others, we recommended that management planning and policies in hospitals be done by occupational groups and design and carry out the studies to assess the needs for each group.

Clinical education plays a fundamental role in forming basic skills and professional competencies for operating room and anesthesiology students. Understanding students’ perspectives on clinical training can help us to improve the quality of their clinical performance in the future. This study was conducted to determine the present status of clinical education from perspectives of operating room and anesthesiology students in mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a number of 134 students of operating room and Anesthesiology studying in Mazandaran university of Medical science in 2018 were selected through convenient sampling. A valid and reliable questionnaire which assessed five domains of instructor, environment and facilities, educational programs, dealing with students and supervision and evaluation was applied. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi- square.

The mean age of the students was 21/6±1/8. The mean scores of the assessed domains were: educational programs (10/3±4/6), instructor (11/4±3/7), environment and facilities (4/9±2/5), dealing with students (4/2±1/9), supervision and evaluation (2/7±1/6) and self-efficacy (7/6±2/7). 67.9% of the participants reported the quality of clinical education as moderate. There was significant difference between the two groups regarding the educational programs domain (p<0.01).

The mean scores of all assessed domains were in average level. In order to improve the situation of clinical education, it is recommended to provide facilities and equipment for clinical environments and revise the tools and process of clinical evaluation. Improving instructorschr('39') performance and encouraging professional cooperation could lead to the improvement of clinical education.

Clinical competence is required to provide effective and accurate patient care. For this purpose, it is important to find the components that influence clinical competence and promote it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual intelligence and clinical competence in operating room and anesthesia students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 107 4th and 6th semester students in Hamadan Paramedical Faculty in 2019. Sampling was done by census method. Studentschr('39') evaluation was done by Kazdin et al. (1986) spiritual intelligence questionnaires and Liu et al. (2009) clinical competency assessment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation tests and t-test.

The results showed that 50.46% of the students had spiritual intelligence score above average (good range) and 49.54% of students had lower than average score (good range). Also 55.14% of students had clinical competency score above average (good range) and 44.86% had lower than average grade (good range). Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between studentschr('39') spiritual intelligence and their clinical competence (P<0.047).

There was a significant positive correlation between clinical competence and spiritual intelligence. Education authorities can pay attention to the training and promotion of studentschr('39') spiritual intelligence in order to enhance the clinical competence of the staff. Also, due to the high importance of clinical competency in the operating room area, it is important to conduct this research with a higher statistical population.

The rapid changes resulting from the use of technology in human life have brought about dramatic changes. Therefore there is a need to revise traditional teaching methods and use modern and student-centered approaches by educational systems. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods of electronic and traditional education on learning anesthesia machine in anesthesiology students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.

 This is a semi-experimental study conducted in the academic year of 1397 on 63 anesthesiology students of the 5th and 7th semesters of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The traditional method of anesthesia machine was taught to students in the operating room and the software method of anesthesia machine was taught by visiting the reputable site https://static.draeger.com. After completing the training, both groups completed their respective checklists

 Students' pre-post learning score in both groups was15/77±11/386 and 19/55±9/128و  which was not statistically significant (P = 0.088). The mean (standard deviation) of students' learning score post-test in both groups was38/03±7/088 and 37/61±7/066  which was not statistically significant (P = 0.994).

The mean scores of students' learning in both e-learning and traditional teaching methods were similar. Since students had no restrictions on how often they use the site, this is a significant feature of the learning process, and considering the students' willingness to use new teaching methods, the use of electronic teaching methods for students can be recommended.

job involvement and intention to leave job are important feedbacks of work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between job involvement and intention to leave job among anesthetist employed in Sanandaj hospitals in 2017.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 90 anesthetist working in Sanandaj hospitals were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from the Kanongo Job Anxiety Questionnaire, Attwod and Hinshaw Vacancy Forecasting Questionnaire and demographic and occupational information questionnaire. Version 23 of SPSS software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and chi-square test.

The mean and standard deviation of job involvement and intention to leave job were 2±0.056 and 2±0.063, respectively. Also, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between job involvement and intention to leave job with all demographic and occupational variables (p <0.05).

Considering the low level of job involvement and the high intention to leave job in anesthetist, rooting and planning is recommended by the authorities.

Operating Room personnel experience a great deal of workload due to job sensitivity that can affect different aspects of their lives. therefore, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between workload with work- family conflict in operating room and anesthesia technologists working in Ahvaz educational hospitals in 2019.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 174 operating room and anesthesia technologists working in hospitals of Ahvaz city using stratified random sampling method. data gathering tools included The NASA-TLX workload questionnaire and the Carlson et al. work family conflict questionnaire. ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data by SPSS 20 software.

The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between work- family conflict with mental stress and time pressure subscales at P<0.05 and between family- work conflict with physical stress and frustration and frustration at P <0.01.

Considering the high volume of workload and its relation to work- family conflict, it is necessary to implement effective programs to mitigate and reduce work load and work- family to improve the performance of operating room and anesthesia technologists.

Emotional intelligence, paying attention to your feelings and emotions and others, differentiating between them and using them to guide your thoughts and actions. Emotional intelligence is one of the components that can affect clinical and professional competence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on clinical competence of operating room and anesthesia students of Hamadan Paramedical School.

This cross-sectional study was a descriptive - correlational study conducted on 54 students of the Operative and Anesthesia Room of Hamadan Paramedical School in 1397. Sampling was done as a census and from all the students of the operating and anesthetic room with an apprenticeship. The data gathering tool in this study was Emotional Inventory of Imani et.al (2018) and the Competency Assessment Questionnaire liu et.al (2007) and colleagues. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 software. Correlation tests, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and regression tests were used to analyze the data.

Data analysis showed that there was a direct, positive, and significant linear relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical competence of anesthetic students. On the other hand, there was a direct, positive, and significant linear relationship between the emotional intelligence and the clinical competence of the operating room students. According to self-report score of emotional intelligence among students ranging from 300-60, the mean score of emotional intelligence in good anesthetic students (87%) and in the students of the operating room was also good (89%). On the other hand, according to the self-report score, the clinical competence of the students was between 255 and 275, the average clinical competency scores in the students of anesthesia were good (84%) and in the operating room students at a good level (86%). Meanwhile, according to another report, the average score of emotional intelligence in good anesthesia students (84%) and in the operating room students was also good (86%), and another average score of clinical competence in anesthetized students was good (82%) And in the operating room students at a good rate (83%).

Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that faculty members and faculty members in the operating and anesthetic groups, in addition to teaching emotional intelligence skills, take students to increase their clinical competence, so that students have more professional and clinical competence in caring for Patients.

In this analytical, cross-sectional study, 60 undergraduate anesthesia students of Medical Sciences Faculty of shahrekord that were selected by the census sampling method participated. For data collection, a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a 710-item evaluation was used. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through the face and content validity with the help of 10 professors and the reliability of this tool was measured 0.83, by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistics The results of this study showed that the average age of participants was 21.73±0.85 years. In the courses of principles and methods of anesthesia, the principles of pain management, medical emergencies, intensive care, the highest percentage of students' skill in transferring patients from the bed and stretcher69.8%, existing methods for control Chronic and acute pain, 13.2%, preparation of the tools and equipment needed to perform CPR8 / 80%, have the principles of airway clean up in critical cases 65.4%. The results of this study showed that the average age of participants was 21.73±0.85 years. In the courses of principles and methods of anesthesia, the principles of pain management, medical emergencies, intensive care, the highest percentage of students' skill in transferring patients from the bed and stretcher69.8%, existing methods for control Chronic and acute pain, 13.2%, preparation of the tools and equipment needed to perform CPR8 / 80%, have the principles of airway clean up in critical cases 65.4%. Anesthesia students have evaluated their skills in high-level at anesthetic principles and moderate in intensive care course and less in pain management lessons. It is suggested that in the future studies this method of evaluation is compared with other methods.

In the therapeutic setting, the ethical climate refers to conditions that facilitate ethical decision making. Some scholars believe that promoting ethical climate in health care institutions will better respond to moral stress and other causes of workplace dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical climate and tendency to stay at work in Jahrom operating room and anesthesia staff in 2018.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 50 anesthesia and operating room staff of Jahrom hospitals. The data collection tool consisted of three questionnaires. The first questionnaire was about demographic information, the second was about the Olson ethical climate survey and the third was about the tendency to stay in business. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statistics (mean, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient).

56% of the subjects in this study were anesthesia personnel and 44% were operating room personnel. In operating room personnel, the mean score for the operating room ethical climate and all domains was above 3.5 and desirable. But in anesthesia staff, the average score for the ethical climate of the operating room and all its areas was less than 3.5 and undesirable. Of all the staff, only the median variable score of physicians' atmosphere score of 3.45 was less than 3.5. The mean score of retention level for the operating room staff was 13.63 more than the average for the anesthesia staff with an average of 13.53. The results showed that the relationship between the level of tendency to stay at work with the ethical climate of the operating room and none of its domains was significant among the personnel (p> 0.05(.

According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the status of ethical climate and the tendency to persist in operating room and anesthesia staff.

One of the duties of education planners is following up dynamic programs with the goal of sustainable improvement and creation of optimal learning opportunity for learners. On the other hand, one of the most important challenges of clinical training is the tendency of teachers toward the use of traditional and difficult education and evaluation students to monitor their activities during the internship. This study aimed to combine two performance-based evaluation methods of logbook and DOPS (direct observing of the skill to perform clinical procedures) during the presentation and evaluation processes of field internship of BSc students of anesthesiology.
This study was initiated since summer of 2011 in the country for the first time using just the posttest process for assessment. The stages of needs assessment, design, implementation and evaluation of internship were carried out using the combined method with the cooperation of 17 BSc students of anesthesiology in the paramedical school of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics.
In this research, the level of impact of the combined method in various areas of learning, interaction with different treatment groups and total evaluation of education was reported to be 70.6, 76.5 and 100% (moderate to high), respectively. In addition, good and very good realization levels were recognized for general objectives of the course in all cases.
According to the results of the study, application of the combined method led to the successful guiding of activities of students and their interaction with other groups during the course. In other words, use of this technique can be beneficial for improving team performance in education, increasing the acquisition of clinical skills and deeper understanding of concepts.

In the therapeutic environment, the ethical atmosphere is said to be a condition that facilitates moral decision making. Persons working ina hospital also, as a health care organization, are responsible for complying with the ethics of their profession. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the ethical climate of the operating room environment from the viewpoint of the operating room and anesthesiology students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2018. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 1397. 101 patients with an operation room and anesthesia who had a one-semester clinical presence in the hospital were enrolled in the study. Data were gathered using two questionnaires of demographic information and Olson's ethical climate questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and one way ANOVA) using spss version 21 software at a significant level of p <0.05. The participants in this study were 101 people. The average age of the respondents was approximately equal to 21.5 years with a standard deviation of 76.1 years. Based on the results of this study, from the perspective of all students, the ethical situation of the operating room and its areas were undesirable. By comparing the average score of the operating room ethos with the operating room and anesthesia students 'viewpoint, based on the demographic characteristics, only the significant difference observed was the average score of the students' opinion of the operating room relative to the ethical atmosphere of the operating room based on different age groups ( p <0.05). Comparison of demographic characteristics with the mean score of ethical atmosphere did not show a significant relationship between the two fields of anesthesia and operating room (p> 0.05). Based on the results of this study, from the viewpoint of all students, the ethical situation of the operating room and its areas were undesirable. But in the general atmosphere of the operating room, the opinion of students in the field of anesthesia was more favorable to the students of the operating room. Given the existence of a negative ethical climate in the operating rooms, the hospitals under study, attention to the causes of this and planning to improve the existing ethical climate is necessary

The anesthesiology BSc program was first started in 2008 in Iran and has been continued so far. The purpose of this study was to provide a critical appraisal of the anesthesiology BSc program according to the Eisner’s Connoisseurship and Criticism Model.
This qualitative study employed Eisner’s Connoisseurship and Criticism Model to evaluate the anesthesiology BSc program. Consistent with this model, the curriculum and educational environment of the program were assessed in three main dimensions: description, interpretation and evaluation. Data were gathered by means of observation, interview and review of the literature. Results were then discussed and criticized by professors and PhD students of Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery.
While other countries offer anesthesiology as nursing MSc program, it is offered as anesthesiology BSc program in Iran. Preliminary codes extracted from interviews were summarized in four themes: inattention to context, uncertainty, lack of differentiation between educational levels, and educational irregularities. Findings also indicate shortages in educational space and facilities for students and faculty members. Hourly-paid instructors who teach students during their work shifts are employed for clinical training.
It seems that due to the novelty of the program and the importance of caring for anesthetized patients, a comprehensive evaluation of the program and making the necessary changes are essential. It also should be determined whether the program has been successful to achieve its ultimate goal that is improving the quality and quantity of care for patients; final decision then should be made about the continuation or termination of the program.

Time management is one of the most important skills in learning activities. The aim of this research is to determine the correlation time management skills and academic achievement in anesthesiology and operating room students. This is a descriptive study on 187 anesthesiology and operating room students that were selected cluster randomly. All students completed time management questionnaire with 66 questions. The relationship between skills of time management and mean score of students assessed. In order to analysis data, descriptive statistics including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test were used, with using SPSS version 19 software. Analysis of data showed there wasn’t any correlation between time management skills and academic achievement (p=0.528). Independent t-test showed there was no significant difference between mean scores of time management among male and female students too (p=0.245).Discussion and Although this study showed that academic achievement not been affected by time management skills of students, it is recommended for time management training and workshops be conducted for students to improve their skills. Because time management skills is very important in academic performance.