جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « وضعیت بدنی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread and important health and social problems in industrialised society, reducing productivity, increasing treatment costs and affecting the quality of life of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of workload, fatigue, sleep quality and physical condition on musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the steel industry.

The present study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted on a population of 540 workers working in the steel industry in the city of Dezful. Based on simple random sampling, 400 people were selected as samples. The instruments used in this study are the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ), the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory(SOFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQI) and the NASA-TLX workload index. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used. Descriptive statistical indices were used to analyze the data, and the relationships between observed and hidden variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 and in SPSS software version 25.

According to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, back pain ranked first with a mean and standard deviation of 52.39±25.44 and knee pain ranked second with a mean and standard deviation of 46.46±26.45, indicating that the prevalence of these disorders is high among steel industry workers. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between workload, fatigue, sleep quality and body condition and musculoskeletal disorders (p<0.05). The RMSEA index of less than 0.1 shows that the model proposed in this study fits well and demonstrates the role of workload variables, fatigue, sleep quality and body position in the direct and indirect causation of musculoskeletal disorders.

The results of this study show that improving workplace ergonomics, reducing workload and fatigue, and improving sleep quality can reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Back ground and object: 

In today's advanced world, one of the most serious problems is musculoskeletal problems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between ergonomics and postural abnormalities in manufacturing workers.

 The statistical population of this research consists of male employees working in a two production units  with a total number of 210 people. 134 people were included in the study according to Morgan's table and based on the entry criteria. The assessment of pain in different parts of the body was done by the Nordic questionnaire, the ergonomics of the work environment was evaluated by the REBA scale, and the body posture was evaluated by the New York test. After collecting various data, SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze the data. To check the normality of the data distribution of each variable, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. Also, linear regression statistical test was used to check the relationship between research variables. The significance level throughout the research is less than 0.05.

The result of the research showed that there is a significant and negative relationship between the ergonomic score and the assessment of physical condition (P=0.00, R=0.79). Also, the results of the investigations show the existence of musculoskeletal disorders in different areas of the body with the highest prevalence in the back (45.7%).

According to the high and negative correlation of the variables, it was found that the unfavorable ergonomic condition can lead to poor physical condition and have many musculoskeletal consequences.

Postural deformities are more common in individuals with visual impairments than people with normal vision. The aim of the present study was to review the studies which have investigated the postural deformities and the effects of training programs in visually impaired individuals.

Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar Databases for articles published in English language and Medlib, Sid, Noormags, Magiran, and Google scholar for articles published in Persian language as well as the reference lists of the relevant articles were systematically searched. Articles published in English language were searched using combinations of the following keyword groups: (1) posture, mal-alignment, body deformity; and (2) blindness, visual impairment; and (3) corrective exercise and training. The “AND” operator was used between the 2 or the 3 keyword groups, while the “OR” operator was used within each keyword group. The search period covered years from January 2000 to August 2022. The studies having assessed the postural deformities in visually impaired individuals or having investigated the training programs effects on these deformities were included in the study.

Twenty studies regarding the assessment of posture in individuals with visual impairments and nine studies regarding the effects of training programs on posture of these individuals matched the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The results of reviewed studies supported the hypothesis that the postural deformities are more common in visually impaired individuals than people with normal vision. The postural deformities in head and neck, shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and lower extremities are usually observed in people with blindness or low vision. The results also showed that training programs could have a positive effect on the postural mal-alignments of this population.

The present review indicates that postural deformities (head and neck, shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and lower extremities deformities) are more common in visually impaired people than people without vision impairments. The results also shows the positive effects of training programs on the postural deformities of this population. Nevertheless, more research are needed to be done by employing more precise investigation tools, control group, longer training programs, and a larger sample size consisting of subjects that are all of the same age range, gender, vision impairment levels and onset, and daily physical activity levels.

Posture is an important factor in assessing the health of people, because any deviation in posture can lead to many disorders. The women in rural areas, due to certain characteristics, may be more affected by postural changes. This study aims to study the prevalence of postural abnormalities in rural women in Markazi Province, Iran based on age and body mass index (BMI).

Participants were 420 rural women at three age groups of 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 years who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from 20 villages of Markazi province. The instruments included a wall-mounted stature measuring tape (Seca, model 206), a digital scale (model 2003D), the New York Posture Rating Chart, and an optical Pedoscope (model DSI). The nearest posture observed by the researcher was recorded using the New York Posture Rating Chart and a checkerboard from various perspectives. The arch height of the foot was determined using the Pedoscope. Data analysis was done in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test for comparison of postural abnormalities based on BMI and age. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Among the postural abnormalities, hyperlordosis (54.6%), forward head (50.8%), uneven shoulders (39%), genu varum (34%), scoliosis (28%), kyphosis (27.4%) and hallux valgus (25.2%) were more common among rural women. In the age group of 15-30 years, forward head was the most common abnormality. In the age group of 30-45 years, hyperlordosis was more prevalent, and uneven shoulders was the most common abnormality in the age group of 45-60 years. Based on BMI, forward head was more common in women with obesity class I, and hyperlordosis was more common in overweight women. According to the chi-square test results, the difference based on age was significant in forward head, hyperlordosis, knock knee, and pes cavus.

Th increase of age and BMI can impair postural control in rural women. Proper training of different correct postures and increase of physical activity can be effective for improving the posture of rural women.

Dentists are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to their job characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare the posture and musculoskeletal disorders of dentists with high and low work experience.

This analytical cross-sectional study research was conducted on 76 dentists in Urmia city. Based on work experience, the samples were divided into two groups: less experienced (less than 15 years) and experienced (15 years and more). The variables of forward head, kyphosis, round shoulder, and musculoskeletal disorders were compared in two groups. Forward head and round shoulder variables were evaluated by photography, kyphosis variable by flexible ruler, and musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Leven test, independent t-test and Yeoman-Whitney test).

The independent t-test results showed that the angle of forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis was higher in the high work-experience group than that of the low work-experience group (P=0.001). In comparing the prevalence of neck disorders, the results were significant such that the experienced group had more neck disorders (P=0.002). However, in examining the difference in the amount of disorders in other parts of the body, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Experienced dentists had a higher degree of forward head, round shoulder and kyphosis positions. Although, there are musculoskeletal disorders in both groups of dentists with low and high level of experience, neck disorders were more common in high-experienced dentists than that of low-experienced ones.

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in military communities, especially in police. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of low back pain in Isfahan traffic police.

Methods and Materials: 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Isfahan traffic police personnel in two groups of 50 healthy subjects and subjects with low back pain. A comprehensive set of risk factors of low back pain was measured in the form of work-related and non-work-related risk factors using a questionnaire and four movement tests. Measured data were analyzed using logistic regression by SPSS software version 22.

The most important non-work-related risk factors were increased age, weight, body mass index, hours of sitting, standing, and driving in non-working time, number of heavy objects lifting in non-working time, depression and anxiety and decreased physical activity in leisure time, quality and quantity of sleep, and core stability (P≤0.05). The most significant work-related risk factors included increased working history, hours of sitting and standing and the number of lumbar flexion and rotations without lifting heavy objects in working environment, working stress and decreased rest time and structured physical activity in working environment and job satisfaction (P≤0.05).

The implementation of prevention programs considering reported risk factors in this study can reduce related costs and repeated work absences, in addition to preventing low back pain in traffic police.

Considering the importance of employees' behavior in service organizations and its significant impact on their success and failure, the present study investigates the environmental and ergonomic factors affecting on mental health and behavior of employees in one of the branches of Islamic Azad University.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in data gathering and analysis. The statistical population of the survey includes: 315 employees of the Rasht Branch of Azad University, out of the 196 people were selected by random sampling method and the necessary data were collected using a questionnaire. SPSS 21 software was used to describe the research variables and structural equation modeling and SMART PLS3 software were used to test the hypotheses.

According to the findings, workplace layout affects the use of work equipment (0.389), use of office chairs (0.252), and environmental conditions (0.538), but the impact of workplace layout on the posture of employees did not confirm in 5 percent significance level. Also, the impact of posture (0.586), layout (0.440), work equipment (0.458), office chair (0.345), and environmental conditions (0.550) on public health and also the effect on general health (0.690) and environmental conditions (0.158) on employees’ behavior is significant. Examining the indirect relationships of the research model also shows that workplace layout affects employee behavior through the general health and environmental conditions. Workplace layout influences employees’ behavior through work equipment, office chair, environment conditions, and general health.

The indirect effect of workplace layout on employees’ behavior through public health has the highest impact (0.304), therefore, making policy general on health, should improve employees’ behavior.

One of the most common progressive destructive diseases in the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. Its inflammatory process causes a wide range of limitations, including reduced control of posture and the ability to walk. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of resistance training on body posture control and gait ability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

To access scientific articles from 2000 to 2021, search for keywords related to the present study, which included: resistance training, exercise therapy, balance, posture, walking, performance and multiple sclerosis, from databases such as PubMed, Magiran , IranDoc, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, Noormags, Trip Database, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and Scopus. Resistance exercises used to control of posture and ability of these patients to walk were used. PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles.

253 studies were reviewed, of which 13 studies with inclusion criteria (score higher than 5 on the Pedro scale) were selected for review. There are many differences in methodology, sample size, method of implementation, how to examine the variables in the studied research that should be considered in the use of resistance exercises.

It seems that if resistance training is accompanied by special sports instructions for patients with multiple sclerosis, it can probably be effective in  control of posture and ability to walk.

Shoulder and scapular abnormalities are the most common shoulder girdle disorders. The relationship between central stability and upper and lower body muscles strength and endurance has always been emphasized. Therefore, it is important to choose a better training method to prevent and treat shoulder girdle disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of functional corrective exercises and central stability on the shoulder girdle status of adolescent girls.

In this quasi-experimental study, 52 adolescent girls with forward-form shoulders with an age range of 14 to 16 years were purposefully selected and randomly allocated into 4 equal groups of 13 people, including functional corrective exercises, central stability, combination, and control. The amount of forwarding part of shoulder and scapular index was measured by double squares model (EM 420) and a tape meter, respectively before and after the interventions. Data were statistically analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni test in SPSS25 software.

The results of this study showed that exercise intervention had a significant effect on the forwarded shoulder (p=0/001), and scapular index (p=0/001). The results of the Bonferroni test showed that among the exercises performed, combined group exercises, functional correction group exercises, and central stabilization group exercises had the greatest effect on forwarding shoulder deformity and girls' shoulder index, respectively.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that performing a course of functional corrective exercises combined with central stabilization exercises can improve shoulder anomalies and scapular index in girls.

Motor failure and musculoskeletal deformities, particularly among the students, can be considered as one of the most important issues in the health system nationally. Therefore, examining the relationship between physical condition and motor disabilities can play an important role in preventing and managing the postural and motor control problems.

The present study was descriptive, relational, and predictive. Three hundred and forty students aged 7.51±0.96 years, weight 26.7±6.64 kg, height 125.98±9.10 cm, body mass 16.37±2.92 index) were selected based on the principle of availability. To assess the balance, (both static and dynamic) two tests were performed: standing and walking on wood. Posture condition components including forward head posture, round shoulder, uneven shoulder, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, uneven pelvis, and knee and sole condition were also assessed. Since the normality of the data was not confirmed, Spearman test was used to analyse the data.

Descriptive results showed the prevalence of postural abnormalities in nonstructural scoliosis 55.6%, forward head 48.3%, left flat foot 71.2%, highest and hyperphysiosis 3% and knee brace 3.8% show the lowest value. The results showed the relationship between the variables as static balance with mean (5.7 ± 2.2) seconds with left shoulder prolapse with mean (.38 ±1.02) degree among 7-10 year old male students had a positive correlation (r=.155) and a negative correlation (r=.192) between the degree of sagging of the right shoulder (0.86 ± 1.5). There were not any other significant differences to report. Also dynamic balance with the average (5.45 ± 1.15) seconds and score (r=-.108) score with kyphosis angle value with average (30.34 ± 11.64) degrees and right shoulder sagging with average (0.86± 1.5) degree and score (r=.119) and cruciate knee with a mean (1.18 ± 2.11) cm had a negative correlation (r=.173) between 7-10 year old male students. There is a negative correlation between the overall balance (sum of static and dynamic balance) score and the mean points of right shoulder sagging (r=-.185) and there was a positive with the amount of left shoulder sagging (r=.146). There was not any other significant differences in other indexes

The results indicated a relationship between physical condition in different parts of the body with basic static and dynamic balance skills of 7 to 10 year old boys. It can be said that balance as one of the most important basic skills in children that depends on the strength and flexibility of the body muscles with changes in the correct direction of the spine, knees and shoulders, the ratio of strength and flexibility is disturbed and possibly the basic skill of balance changes. The research proposal to correctional and motor development specialists is to pay simultaneous attention to physical condition and basic skills in correctional programs and physical development. The results of the present study indicated the relationship between right and left shoulder sagging with static balance, knee deviation inward, kyphosis angle and right shoulder prolapse with dynamic balance and right and left shoulder prolapse with total balance in children 7 to 10-year-old boys. As a result, it can be inferred that balance as one of the most important basic skills in children, which depends on the strength and flexibility of the body muscles, is associated with changes in body orientation and body position and balance can affect each other. It is not yet possible to conclude about the origin of change and to specify which the cause of change and the main factors are, and therefore more research is needed in this regard.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common type of occupational disease and injuries in the workplace that lead to reduced productivity, efficiency, and disability of individuals especially among military personnel. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSDs among the administrative staff of a military center and to identify ergonomic risk factors in the occurrence of these disorders.

 In the present cross-sectional study, 53 administrative staff of a military center located in Karaj city in 1400 that was selected by census method. Data collection tools included demographic information form, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to estimate the prevalence of MSDs, and the ROSA method to evaluate posture. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, T-test, and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS software version 26.

All subjects were male and the mean age of the administrative staff of the military center was 41/43±6/564. The highest prevalence of these disorders was 56.8% in the knees, 54.1% in the shoulders, and 40.5% in the neck and upper back. The final score risk level of the ROSA rapid office stress assessment method includes 32.5% (n = 12) at the safe level with a score of less than 3, 62.1% (n = 23) in the alert area with scores between 3 to 5 and 5.4% (2 people) are in the area of need for ergonomic intervention with a score above 5.

According to the average ROSA score, employees were in the warning area in terms of ergonomic risk factors. Discomfort and pain in the knees and shoulders are the most common postural abnormalities and MSDs in the administrative staff of this military center respectively. Taking corrective measures in workstations, reducing the duration of using electronic devices, increasing the rate of sports and stretching activities during working hours, and increasing the level of knowledge and awareness of employees by providing organizational training can be mentioned to reduce and prevent the prevalence of MSDs in the study group.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities in countries around the world. One of the times when people are at risk for musculoskeletal disorders is during the military. Considering the importance of soldiers' health, which is one of the main military pillars of the country, and considering that previous studies have further examined other occupations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the intervention program on the level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders in soldiers in different parts of a military unit.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 140 male workers working by hand in different units of a military area in southern Iran in 2020. Sampling was available by sampling method. Assessing and determining the risk level for musculoskeletal disorders was performed using Rapid Exposure Assessment (QEC) software. Educational intervention for the intervention group, 4 60-minute training sessions were held. One month after the end of the educational intervention, the risk assessment of the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in both groups was determined. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 statistical software.

The level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders after the educational intervention in the intervention group decreased compared to the control group and was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, after the educational intervention in the two groups of intervention and control, in terms of the level of exposure to the risk factors of vibration, speed at work and job stress, there were no changes in the level of risk and training did not cause a statistically significant difference in these three factors (P>0.05). The level of whole body exposure risk for musculoskeletal disorders in the two groups of intervention and control after educational intervention is statistically significant (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, the rate of musculoskeletal disorders in soldiers was high and correctional exercises had a significant effect on musculoskeletal disorders. Since musculoskeletal disorders are preventable, it can be concluded that planned trainings to the target community, including educational interventions, can be effective and useful.

Providing information about the prevalence of postural abnormalities and musculoskeletal disorders can be effective in designing preventive programs. The purpose of present study was to investigate the prevalence of postural abnormalities and musculoskeletal disorders among ships staff.

In present study, posture and musculoskeletal condition of 207 individual of ships staff were investigated. For postural and musculoskeletal evaluation of ships staff New York posture rating scale and Nordic questionnaire were used, respectively.

There was a significant difference among the prevalence of postural abnormalities (x2 =429.86, p=0.001), and musculoskeletal disorders (x2 =302.07, p=0.001), in different parts of the body of ships staff.

Postural deformities and musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among ships staff. Lumbar hyperlordosis deformity and disorder in low back are the most prevalent postural deformity and disorder among ships staff.

Postural deviations are one of the musculoskeletal disorders. It seems that some exercises and body mass index could affect postural conditions. Therefore, the purposes of the present study was to determine and compare the postural deviations in obese and overweight powerlifting athletes.

The male powerlifting athletes aged 18 to 35 years old entered to one of two groups based on their body mass index, 25 athletes for obese group (BMI: ≥ 30) and 50 athletes for overweight group (BMI: 25-29.9). The Sagittal and Frontal planes were photographed using a plumb line and a symmetrograph®, and then deviations of the postural key points were investigated on the images.

Athletes in both groups only had normal posture in the head, cervical and lumbar vertebral levels in the frontal plane, and also the deviations in obese athletes in the sagittal plane at the level of the thoracic vertebral (P=0.008), and in the frontal plane at the level of the leg (P=0.019) and the scapula (P=0.029) were significantly lower than those of overweight athletes.

It is demonstrated that Postural deviations in powerlifting athletes with higher body mass index were lower in some levels. Interestingly, it seems that, the obese athletes may be protected against the injurious forces due to the greater muscle mass.

Due to high prevalence of postural changes during aging, modern corrective methods can be used to improve posture abnormalities. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of  trainings based on modern corrective approaches on posture status and spine function of elderly women. In this randomized clinical trial study, the statistical population included the elderly women aged 60 to 65 years with kyphosis more than 42 degrees in the city of Paveh in 2018, of which 30 were selected by convenience sampling and  randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group participated in the selected corrective training sessions, based on the principles of USA’s National Academy of Sports Medicine, for 6 weeks, 3 sessions a week and 60 minutes each session. The angle of kyphosis and function of spine were measured before and after intervention. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance. Comparing the mean of pre/post test results showed a significant improvement in the angle of kyphosis, spine extension, distance acromion (p=0.001) and chest expansion (p=0.002) in the experimental group. The comparison of findings between the two groups showed a significant difference for the improvement of the angle of kyphosis, spine extension, distance acromion and chest expansion (p=0.001) in the experimental group. Given the comprehensiveness of the corrective trainings program in this study, experts can use its positive effects in corrcting posture of elderly people.

Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the most common abnormalities in the lower extremity that causes distortions in the structures of the skeletal parts of the foot. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of systematic corrective exercises on the ankle proprioception in people with functional pronation distortion syndrome.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial study, 30 volunteers who had pronation distortion syndrome were selected and randomly divided in to control and experimental groups. The experimental group performed corrective exercises for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week for one hour), while control group performed the routine exercises. Ankle proprioception (using electrogoniometer) was evaluated before and after the interventions. Data were analysed using independent and paired t tests.

Following 12 weeks of corrective exercises, the experimental group showed significant improvement in ankle proprioception (P = 0.001); however, there was no significant change in control group (P > 0.050). In addition, there was a significant improvement in ankle proprioception in the experimental group compared to control group (P < 0.001).

It can be concluded that systematic corrective exercises improve ankle proprioception in patients with pronation distortion syndrome, and it may be recommended for these people.

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common condition among premature infants, which causes problems such as reduced weight gain and prolonged length of hospital stay. Body status is an appropriate way to reduce this condition. However, there have been few studies conducted in this regard. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of body status on gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants.
The present research was a crossover study conducted on premature infants with a gestational age of 33-36 weeks in Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, from January to March 2015. In this clinical trial, thirty-two premature infants hospitalized in this center were selected as the sample. The initial selection of the participants was based on the simple random sampling. Then the participants were allocated to groups using randomized block procedure. Each infant was under study for 4 days. After each feeding and about two hours before the beginning of next feeding, the infants were randomly and not repeatedly put in one of the following four status for 12 hours (8 am -8 pm) every day: facilitated fetal tucking posture in lateral position, free body posture in lateral position, facilitated fetal tucking posture in supine position, and free body posture in supine position. Then, the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux was measured in each of these statuses. SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze the data at significant level of P The results showed that there was a significant difference between facilitated fetal tucking posture in lateral position and other status (P The findings of this study revealed that facilitated fetal tucking posture and lateral positioning reduced the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux in hospitalized premature infants.

Introduction and Improper posture while working is one of the most important risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to assess the posture of students studying at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences when using the existing best-selling laptop tables using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method.
This analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male and female dormitory students in 2017. The study population was selected through stratified random sampling technique. The participants’ postures in two different work stations (tables number one and two) were evaluated by means of RULA method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using the independent sample t-test and ANOVA test.
According to the results, 36% and 46% of the students obtained scores of 3 and 4, respectively in case of table number one. Furthermore, regarding table number two, scores 3 and 4 were recorded for 48% and 44% of the participants, respectively. Therefore, tables number one and two were found to have 82% and 92% of level two corrective measure, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship was obtained between the demographic variables and RULA score (P As the findings of the present study indicated, table number one was a better case than table number two for fitting with different body structures since it allowed for the adjustment of the height and inclination of the work surface. However, corrective measures were necessary for both tables to provide the users with comfort, convenience, health, and productivity when using these laptop tables.

The aim of this study was determination of the relationship between fitness and posture alignment in blind and deaf children.
Material and

Sixteen blind, 30 deaf and 60 healthy children (6-12 years) were participated in this study. Physical fitness was examined with 3minute step test, sit ups, hand grip strength test, sit-and-reach and trunklifting. Spinal curvature was assessed with spinal mouse, and head and shoulder posture was assessed with photography. Pearson correlation test was used (α=0/05) for data analyzing.

Results of this study showed that there was relationship between the BMI and kyphosis, hand grip strength and FSP, Flexibility and uneven shoulder, flexibility and lordosis in blind children. In deaf children, there was relationship between the BMI and kyphosis, VO2 peak and scoliosis, uneven shoulder and FSP, muscle endurance and thoracic scoliosis and FHP, muscle strength and scoliosis, flexibility and uneven shoulder and FSP, trunk flexibility and kyphosis, scoliosis and FHP. In normal children, there was relationship between the hand grip strength, kyphosis, scoliosis and lordosis and between trunk flexibility lordosis and scoliosis.

The relationship between the Physical fitness and posture in blind and deaf children necessitates the attention to both physical fitness and corrective exercises in physical education programs in schools and guiding these children toward appropriate sporting activities.

Genu varumis a risk factor for the knee osteoarthritis onset. Given the role of exhaustion on the physical condition, understanding physical state fluctuationsin people with genu varum, will give us a good insight for prevention of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exhaustive fatigue on body state fluctuations of men with genu varumand normal knees. This quasi-experimentalstudy was performed on 40 healthy male students, including 20 with genu varumand 20 with normal knees (with the average q angle of 25.5±8.0 and 97.8±86.0, respectively). Genu varumdeformitywasmeasured using a caliper and goniometer. Bodyfluctuations were recorded using the force measuring diagram,and Strand modified protocol was used to inducefatigue. There was no significant difference between the two groups after exhaustion in terms of anterior-posterior stability, but there was a significant decrease in medial-lateral stability after exhaustion (genu varum 86.296 mm/sec and normal knee 38.200 mm/sec, pressurecenter shifting,respectively);comparinggenu varumto the normal knee, thesechanges were significant (p=0.04). Interior-exterior stability in both groups,10 minutes after exhaustion was fully recovered. Inside displacementof the line of gravityin genu varumsuffererscan lead to increased volatility of the lateral posture, and since genu varumdeformity causes internal rotation of the leg and turns it into pronation of the subtalar joint inthe weight-bearing position,therefore, these changes in footstructures cancause leg function alterationin control of the internal-external (lateral) balance.