جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پزشکی مردمی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Background and Purpose:

There are slightly different and diverse names for diseases in Persian medical sources. Among them, learning about native words for a simple disease such as "wart" includes anthropological values as well. Not only physicians and medical historians, but also many anthropologists, folklore researchers, and even lexicographers have been involved in the issue of nomenclature multiplicity.

In this research, numerous and various names for "wart" were collected initially, applying library research, review methods, and referring to resources on the history of medicine in Iran, including texts of medical history, traditional and folk medicine; Subsequently, these words were classified and analyzed through historical-comparative linguistic axioms and anthropological methods.

The words related to "wart" are divided into six main groups, one minor geographical category and two main groups, one minor linguistic-dialect class. Since naming any disease is the initial step in diagnosis, these words indicate immemorial and ancient medical systems; therefore, developing a historical atlas of ancient medical subcultures in Iran is achievable by illustrating the reason for diverse nomenclature of each disease including "wart".

The elaboration of word classification related to "wart" and their function to reveal subcultures is so significant that it could be considered as one of the most important indicators of ethnomedical knowledge in any region of Iran. Regarding linguistic transformations and similarity rates to original words, another classification can be suggested to illuminate the antiquity of ethnomedicine in each geographical location in the country.

Background and Purpose:

Medical Library and Information Sciences is an auxiliary field in medical sciences that have undergone significant development in recent years. Increasing generation of information in a variety of formats is a major challenge that demands referring to databases. Hence, information storage and retrieval systems seek to address these needs using tools such as thesauri. On the other hand, among the triad sources of Persian medicine, folk medicine had not received much attention so far. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the need to develop a Persian folk Medicine Thesaurus.

This research, based on a descriptive-analytical method, attempts to show lack of attention to this branch of human knowledge while sorting the thesauri in the classification and the division of sciences. Also, it explains the theoretical and valid foundations of compiling controlled thesauri by searching reference texts in Library & Information Sciences.

A relatively large corpus of thesauri in different categories of science and technology (especially thesauri in the sub-categories of medical sciences, medical history, health promotion, first aid, etc.) has been prepared and compiled in Persian language, and software and hardware facilities and infrastructures has been provided to some degree. Nonetheless, lack of codified thesauri is very noticeable in the field of folk culture, anthropology and ethnography in Persian.

Compilation of thesauri in specific topics is foreseen and recommended in reference texts and thesaurus. Considering the increasing volume of information produced in Persian in the field of folk medicine and the availability of various infrastructures, it is necessary to compile a Persian folk medicine thesaurus.

The current population of the Yazd Jews is the survivors of a very large and ancient congregation of this people in central Iran. The long inhabitancy of this people in Yazd during the history of Islamic Iran, on one hand, and the current small numbers of these people, demonstrates the necessity of a comprehensive ethnography of this population. The present study aims to collect, study and analyze the beliefs and medical behaviors of Yazd Jews based on the recognition of these people's health and remedial beliefs and behaviors.

The data of the present research is the result of anthropological researches based on fieldwork (in-depth interview and observation technique) and documentary based and library research methods. To collect these data, all of the field study, documentary based and library research methods have been used. In this research, due to the limited information collected from field research method, the library research results have been used further. An interview with three Jews in Yazd (two indigenous people living in Yazd and one rabbi (hakham) and a physician residing in Tehran) as native informed individuals has been one of these methods.

For centuries, Jews have been renowned for their expertise and proficiency in medicine in the Iranian culture. Generally, in the medical culture of Jews, special attention has been paid to individual health, maintaining food health and provision of the healthiest raw materials for food. The particular diet of the Jews has unique features such as avoiding the simultaneous consumption of dairy and meat dishes. The Yazd Jewish pathology has a great deal to share with the original Iranian ethno-medicine, and has proposed ways to treat diseases such as al-zadegi, bad e sorkh and naftalus.

The Jewish community of Yazd, which always historically and sociologically has faced with the problem of poverty and scarce population, has never been able to step out of the level of daily livelihoods, and all of its cultural and civilization achievements have not been sustained and perpetuated from generation to generation due to widespread and successive migrations. So nowadays, it is very hard to talk about the medical culture of the Jews in Yazd. Research on this culture with immigrant Jews in Tehran, Shiraz and Isfahan can be the starting point for discovering new points in this field of Iranian ethno-medicine.

In traditional medicine, there is another curative and preventive approach in addition to wet cupping (bloodletting) and cupping, that has been used for a long time, but is nowadays less commonly used and unknown to most people. This traditional treatment is called phlebotomy in folk medicine. In the city of Gonabad, in addition to the term “phlebotomy ", it is also called "Rag Zadan". The aim of this study is to identify how to treat the pain and suffering of patients who practice phlebotomy to cure physical and mental diseases.

The data of the present study is the result of field studies by the author, anthropological studies and fieldwork (in-depth interview and observation technique with native healers or " rag zan" in Gonabad city). To collect these data, all of the field study, documentary based and library research methods have been used. Local healers are expert at practicing this treatment through the
experience they have learned from their ancestors. Interview with Gholamreza Hajian, one of these healers as a native indigenous person, has been one of these methods.

Different areas of the body are considered as the spot of venesection while practicing phlebotomy for treating and curing various pains. Usually, the organs of the various regions of the body such as the neck, forehead, back and below of the knee, or the so-called local term (kase che), are used to heal a variety of pains, including hemorrhoids, back pain, varicosis, hypertension and the treatment of some infertility. Pain such as low back pain, leg pain, gout, migraine, eye jaundice, male sexual disability, irregularity of the woman's Menstruation, breathlessness, colic (enteralgia) of women, Lok or so-called "Seghl", are other examples of these Diseases.The mentioned rag zan also considered hygiene issues and used onion to
disinfect the lancet (bistoury).

The phlebotomy treatment method is still common in the Gonabad city. Many patients from different parts of Khorasan and even Iran experience this type of treatment. Research on this treatment method in other parts of Iran can be the starting point for discovering new ways of treating some diseases.