جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کاندیدیازیس » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Opportunistic fungi create biofilm resistant to active antifungal drugs in immunocompromised people. The present study aimed to assess the expression of CDR1 and MDR1 genes in the stages of biofilm formation by candidate species isolated from clinical samples.

100 oral, vaginal, and fecal swabs were sampled from people with immune and physiological defects and normal people. The isolates were identified by laboratory tests and specific Candida chrome agar culture medium, and the presence of resistance genes was proved by molecular method. The formation of biofilm in the presence and absence of amphotericin B- in the strains was investigated using the crystal violet test and scanning electron microscope photo. The expression level of CDR1 and MDR1 genes was determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

More than 50% of isolated strains were Candida albicans, and the frequency of other strains was 8.33%. Among the 60 strains that were investigated in terms of genotype, only 48 Candida strains had both CDR1 and MDR1 genes. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the amphotericin B-drug during 30 hours after biofilm formation significantly reduced the expression of resistance genes compared to the control group (P<0.05).

The expression of resistance genes in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis is effective in increasing biofilm formation and the occurrence of candidiasis. Simultaneous expression of resistance genes is effective in increasing Candida albicans pathogenicity. The sub-MIC concentration of amphotericin B significantly reduces the expression of resistance genes and biofilm formation in Candida strains.

The management of Candida-related infectious diseases and the recognition of drug susceptibility patterns in each region depend on local epidemiological studies and population structure of each region. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying the common species associated with VVC and determining their antifungal susceptibility profile.

In this study, 140 clinical isolates of Candida species were collected from people with vaginitis referred to a number of health centers in Zanjan, Iran. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was performed by broth microdilution method, and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Overall 41 Candida species were isolated from vaginal discharge samples. C. glabrata was the most frequent with 23 isolates (56.1%). Candida isolates showed high resistance to azoles, so that 11 isolates (26.8%) were resistant to fluconazole. Also, the resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole was found to be 58.5% and 65.9%, respectively.

In this study C. glabrata had the highest prevalence and it shows the change in the pattern of Candida infections towards non-albicans species. The occurrence of high drug resistance to azoles is one of the problems facing vaginal candidiasis, which leads to recurrent and treatment-resistant infections.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of candidiasis in the infant’s mouthand nipple of breastfeeding mothers can have positive effects on the infant’s nutrition from the mother’smilk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Candida albicans fungal coloniesin the infant’s oral cavities and nipples of breastfeeding mothers.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 98 breastfeeding mothers and theirhealthy infants. Samples were taken from the posterior area of the infant’s tongue and the nipple of thebreastfeeding mothers. Samples were transferred to a dextrose agar medium containing 0.05% chloramphenicolin the laboratory and were kept at 30 ° C for 48 hours and then the number of Candidacolonies was counted and recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17 statistical software and t-testand Pearson correlation coefficient.

The mean number of cultured colonies from infants’ mouths and nipples of breastfeeding motherswas 64.44±42.99 and 102.62±63.56, respectively. In neonates born by cesarean section and nippleof their mothers, there were significantly more Candida colonies (P<0.05). There was a positive and significantcorrelation between the number of cultured colonies from the nipple of breastfeeding mothersand the infant’s mouth (P=0.000, r=0.796)

Candida culture was positive in more than half of the samples both in the mouth of the infantand in their mothers’ nipples.

Candida albicans is a yeast-like part of the normal flora of the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, digestive tract, and vagina. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of candidiasis and its relation with predisposing factors such as age, sex, smoking and disease type (gastrointestinal problems, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease).

In this cross-sectional study, lesions of 183 patients suspected of candidiasis(vaginal discharge, anal swab and oral)were sampled in2018.Candida species were identified using morphological, biochemical tests and culture on the CHROMagar Candida medium and the PCR-RFLP method was used for definitive identification of the candida species. Sampling was done with the consent of the subjects and the required data were recorded in the relevant questionnaire. The necessary data were recorded in the relevant data sheets and analyzed by Fisher and Chi-square test(P.value=0.05).

Of the 183 samples studied, Candida albicans with 98 cases(53.55%)had the highest contribution. Results showed that 78.12% of people with gastrointestinal candidiasis aged 55 to 80 years were suffering from Alzheimer's disease(P.value<0.05). Also among the 56 diabetic patients, 36 (64.28%) had oral candidiasis, most of which were in the age group of 18-30 years(P.value<0.05). The distribution of vaginal candidiasis was significantly associated with gastrointestinal infections and age. There was no significant relationship between the distribution of candidiasis and smoking and sex(P.value>0.05).

This study showed that candidiasis is highly prevalent in people with predisposing conditions, especially diabetes, Alzheimer's and people with digestive problems. Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are the major contributing factors.

Denture stomatitis is the most common opportunistic infection caused by candida in denture wearer’s palate, which is more common and severe among diabetic patients. Several studies have already been conducted to examine various drugs for treatment of candidiasis. Recently, some cases of drug resistance of none albicans Candida species to antifungal drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro susceptibility of isolated Candida species of uncontrolled diabetic patients against Nystatin and Fluconazole.

In the present lab trial study, 43 patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and denture stomatitis referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center and Clinics were screened and sample were collected from the palate using sterile swabs. At that point samples were cultured to determine the differential colony counts through the color difference between the colonies and furthermore MIC of Nystatin and Fluconazole by two different methods (Broth microdilution &Disk diffusion). Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and Kruskal-Wallis test.

In the present study, the most commonly isolated species were: Candida albicans (38/3%), followed by Candida tropicalis (14/9%), Candida krusei (10/6%), Candida glabrata (8/5%) and other species (27/7%). According to both methods, Candida albicans was the most sensitive to both Nystatin and Fluconazole. The most resistant species to Nystatin and Fluconazole were Candida glabrata and Candida Krusei respectively. In 100% concentration, sensitivity of candida species to Nystatin was significantly higher than Fluconazole, except for Candida albicans (p-value=0/05).

The present study indicated that Nystatin was better than Fluconazole for treatment of denture stomatitis in uncontrolled diabetic patients.

Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and one of the most important reasons for women to visit health centers. The aim of this study was to determine Candida albicans infection and its related factors in women in Kazerun.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017 on 150 samples extracted from the laboratory. Swab specimens were prepared from patients' vaginal secretions and immediately transferred to Nickerson culture medium. To distinguish Candida albicans species, germ tube method and macroscopic and microscopic morphology were used. The ability to identify Candida albicans with 92.5% chromium agar medium, 94.5% fertile tube production, 92.5% corn mill agar medium, 87% culture at 45 ° C and 92.5% RapID commercial kit were reported.

Susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates to antifungal drugs fluconazole 58%, ketoconazole 62%, nystatin 100%, amphotericin B96%, clotrimazole 70% and 100% resistance to flucytosine was observed.

In univariate analyzes, Chi-square and Fisher tests were used for qualitative variables and independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for quantitative variables. The mean and standard deviation of age of the studied samples was 28-29±  6-8 years and the prevalence of Candida albicans was 27.23 ± 0.33. In this study, the prevalence of candidiasis based on positive candida culture in vaginal discharge was high and was higher in groups of women with specific risk factors. Knowing these risk factors can be helpful in diagnosing and treating affected women.

Candida albicans is the most common fungus pathogen in terms of biofilm colonization and formation. Considering that the biofilm-producing Candida species show less sensitivity to anti-fungus medicines, hence the treatment should be accomplished through other anti-fungus factors with high effect and low cytotoxicity. In parallel with this, the present study investigated the C. albicans biofilm formation in the presence of Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets.

Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets synthesis were done through the Hummer Method using natural graphite. After 24 hours of incubating of C. albicans with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm of Nano-sheets, biofilm formation was investigated through the ELISA method, and results were analyzed by SPSS ver.18 software (p <0.01).

Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets was more effective to control C. albicans biofilm compared to Reduced Graphene Oxide (p < 0.01). The most effective concentration in biofilm formation was 100 ppm and the best  time was 48 and 24 hours for Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide respectively (p < 0.01).

According to the obtained results, Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide can be proposed for further investigations to control Candida albicans.

Diabetes results in several oral complications. Many last studies about risk factors effect on oral manifestations has been controversial. Therefore, according to its importance, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors in diabetic patients with oral complications. In this cross-sectional study 257 subjects out of 600 diabetic patients were presented to Yazd (Iran) diabetic research center and was chosen with convenience sampling method in 2016. Inclusion criteria were mentioned, then according to each oral manifestation (candidiasis, oral lichen planus, periodontitis, gingivitis, oral dryness, delayed wound healing, geographic tongue, gingival hyperplasia, fissured tongue and burning tongue) patients were divided into two groups and risk factors (smoking, age, gender, denture, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, type of drugs) were compared. Prevalence of candidiasis in older age and denture users and oral lichen planus and burning tongue in smokers were higher than other groups. Patients suffering from gingivitis was older and the use of denture was more common in people with gingival hyperplasia and insulin use was significantly higher in patients with poor wound healing. Our study showed that that aging, use of denture and smoking can increase the risk of oral manifestations in diabetic patients, so more education and attention about these cases and timely referral to oral medicine specialists are necessary in these patients

  Recently, there have been some reports about the antifungal and antimicrobial effects of Satureja bachtiarica. This study aimed to determine the effects of Clotrimazole-Satureja bachtiarica vaginal cream and compare with those of Clotrimazole vaginal cream in patients with vaginal candidiasis. This randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 80 women of childbearing age that referred to Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. The cases in the first group received Clotrimazole-Satureja bachtiarica vaginal cream and in the second group, the patients received Clotrimazole vaginal cream. Clinical and laboratory signs and symptoms were recorded at baseline and after the treatment by questionnaires and forms. Both groups were treated for 7 days. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using paired t-test, Chi-square test, repeated measures, and independent t-test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results of the present study showed that the amount of vaginal discharge (P=0.0001), dysuria (P=0.014), and vaginal itching (P=0.048) in the Clotrimazole-Satureja group were significantly less than those of the Clotrimazole group. There was no significant differences in the erythema of the vulva and vagina (P=0.108), as well as dyspareunia (P=0.118), between the Clotrimazole-Satureja group and the Clotrimazole group. No significant correlation was observed between the recarturrent and the studied groups (P=0.130). The results of this study showed that the therapeutic effects of Clotrimazole-Satureja bachtiarica vaginal cream were not only similar to those of Clotrimazole vaginal cream but also more effective at improving the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, the use of this cream is suggested for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis infection

Candiduria is one of the most common infections in hospitalized patients, which is created by the administration of long-term antibiotic, disseminated candidiasis, urinary tract problems, and having long-term urine catheter. Prevalence of the candiduria in women is more than men. The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of the Candida species of candiduria in hospitalized patients in nephrology department, Labbafinejad hospital, Tehran, Iran.
This study was carried out on 53 patients. The early identification of species was done using CHROMagar Candida medium. The genomic DNA was extracted using boiling method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region. The polymerase chain reaction products were then digested with MspI restriction enzyme. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) products were revealed on 1.5% and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively, to identify the yeast.
Findings: Among 53 patients, 14 were diagnosed with candiduria. In our study, the frequency of candiduria was 26.4%. Separately, 5 patients (35.7%) were men and 9 (64.3%) were women. Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) had the highest frequency (42.8%). Other identified Candida species were C. albicans (21.4%), C. krusei (21.4%), C. tropicalis (7.2%), and C. parapsilosis (7.2%).
Increase in non-albicans species, due to resistance to antifungal drugs and increased use of immunosuppressive drugs, have resulted in many problems for candiduria treatment. Therefore, identification and appropriate treatment of these elements, especially in nephrology ward of hospitals, seems to be necessary.

Candida, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial agents are the most important causes of virginities. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis in women referred to health centers in Hamadan city west of Iran.
Material and The cross-sectional study was done on 862 women who referred to health centers of Hamadan. During vaginal examination, sampling from the posterior vaginal fornix and vaginal wall was performed by two sterile cotton swabs. The first swab sample was placed into a tube containing of Ringer serum for wet mount preparation in order to vaginal candidosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV), and the second swab sample was used for preparation of Gram-stained vaginal smear. Candidiasis was diagnosed by observation of pseudohyphae and blastospores and BV was diagnosed by observation of clue cells and also with regard to Hay-Ison criteria. Eventually the data was analyzed by SPSS (version 16)
Vaginitis caused by bacterial agents and Candida species was identified in 104 (12.1%) and 73 (8.5%) of the 862 participants, respectively, by using direct wet mount and direct Gram-stained smear. There was no significant difference between ages, marital status, occupation, husband job and vaginosis. Statistically significant difference was reported between education and bacterial vaginitis (P=0.01).
Based on statistical analysis there are the significant relationship between education and bacterial vaginosis therefore increase of knowledge and awareness about the consequences of vaginal infections plays a key role in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection which is caused by Candida spp. Candida albicans is the most common agent of candidiasis. This infection may cause various side effects during pregnancy including prematurity, chorioamnionitis, candidal pneumonia, and systemic candidiasis of infants. This research was conducted for determining the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Candida spp, collected from pregnant women admitted to health centers in Ardabil, Iran.
Totally, 408 subjects were included in this study. Demographic data and risk factors were recorded using a questionnaire. Two swab samples were taken from vulvovaginal mucus. One swab was used for preparing smear and direct microscopic examination and the second one used for cultivating the specimen. After identification of Candida spp., antimicrobial resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method against Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin and Amphotericin B. Results were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. The data were analyzed by χ2 and t-test using SPSS-19.
Out of 408 subjects, 143 cases (35%) were positive for candida spp. The Candida albicans with 119 (83.2%) cases was the most prevalent species followed by Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parpsilosis and Candida tropicalis.According to disk diffusion test, overall 116 (81.1%) isolates were resistant to Fluconazole, 100 (69.9%) to Ketoconazole, 67 (46.9%) to Clotrimazole and 25 (17.5%) to Amphotericin B. Candida spp. had a highest sensitivity (118, 82.5%) to Nystatin. For Candida albicans 97(81.5%) isolates were resistant to Fluconazole and 99(83.2%) isolates to Nystatin. For Candida glabrata 10 (90.9%) isolates were resistant to Fluconazole, and 9(81.8%) sensitive to Nystatin.
According to the results of this study, vulvovaginal candidiasis is prevalent among pregnant women in Ardabil and isolates were significantly resistant against commonly used antifungal drugs. Nystatin was the most effective against Candida spp. As antibiogram for fungal agents is not routinely performed, the similar periodical studies could be useful for choosing appropriate antibiotics in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Backgrounds and Candida albicans causes the infection in patients with organ transplantation, AIDS burning as an opportunistic yeast. Mucormycosis which is caused by Rhizopus oryzae, is an acute rapidly progressive and fatal infection in immunocompromised patients. The toxicity of antimicrobial drugs, resistance in fungi and drug interactions warrant the need for a more effective and less toxic drugs.
In this study, the minimum inhibitory and lethal concentration of Rumex alveolatus against Pathogenic fungi Candida albicans (NCPF 3153) and Rhizopus oryzae (ATCC 52311) was evaluated. The effect of ethanol and methanol extracts of stem and leaves of Rumex alveolatus, which was prepared with soxhlet method on the Candida albicans (NCPF 3153) and Rhizopus oryzae (ATCC 52311) was investigated with using disk diffusion test, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration), then results were compared with fluconazole.
The results showed the effect of ethanol and methanol extracts of the stems and leaves in concentrations 25, 50,100, 200 mg/ml with inhibitory zone diameter between 21.66 to 10.33 mm against Candida albicans but not against Rhizopus oryzae and the highest inhibitory concentration was 31.25 mg / ml.
Due to the resistance Candida albicans strains to drugs such as fluconazole, this herbal extract is suitable alternative to synthetic drugs to treat candidiasis infections. The use of Rumex alveolatus plant as a antifungal agent is promising.

In recent years, systemic fungal infections caused by Candida species are one of the important causes of mortality due to increased immunosuppressive diseases. The prevalence of these fungal infections hasled to greater use of antifungal drugs and significant increase in intrinsic or acquired resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence and frequency of candidiasis in vaginal samples of women referred to health centers in Qom province and evaluating the target drug resistance pattern.
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed on 150 suspected candidiasis patients. The specimens were examined by direct method and were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (containing chloramphenicol), corn meal agar (containing Tween 80), and CHROM agar candida; germ tube test and sugar assimilation test (API20C kit) were performed to isolate and differentiate the Candida species. Then, the effect of different antifungal drugs was tested using disk diffusion method.
Out of 150 specimens, 83 cases (55.3%) of Candida species were identified. Statistical analysis of isolated samples showed that Candida albicans (62.6%), Candida krusei (33.7%), and Candida tropical (3.6%) had the highest frequency. Resistance pattern of these species were different to various antifungal drugs.
The results of this study showed that Candida albicans is the most frequent among species isolated from patients, and all the isolated Candida species are 100% susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B.

Nearly 75% of all adult women have had at least one genital "yeast infection" in their lifetime. Patients with diabetes mellitus are risk for vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. The aim of this study is the determining species of Candida isolated from diabetic women referred to Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center (KDRC) in 2010.

This descriptive – analytic study was performed on 100 diabetic women referred to Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center in 2010. All specimens were examined under direct microscopy and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Complimentary test such as germ tube test and Sugar Assimilation Test (API) were carried out to differentiate the Candida species. Performed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test for Candida species isolated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. All of the species isolate were sensitive to Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Clotrimazole.

From 100 samples that were under experience, 12% (12 cases) in direct microscopy test and 20% (20 cases) were infected to vaginal candidiasis by cultivation on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Frequency the Candida species isolated were: C.albicans with 62.5% (20 cases), C.glabrata with 18.7% (6 cases), C.tropicalis with 9.4% (3 cases) and C.parapsilosis with 9.4% (3 cases).

C. albicans was, by far, the most predominant yeast isolate. Culture of vaginal discharge should be warranted because culture technique is more sensitive than direct smear.

Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in diabetic patients. Candida albicans is colonized on different oral surfaces such as tongue, palate, dental caries and plaques. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Candida albicans in the mouth of diabetic patient. This cross - sectional study was conducted on 120 diabetic patients. After completing the questionnaire, the saliva samples were obtained and cultured on sabouraud agar medium containing 0.005% chloramphenicol. For final diagnosis, Germ tube test and Sugar absorption test (with API 120 kit) were used. Of 120 patients, 61 (50.8%) were positive for Candida. Candida infection rate was relatively higher in older patients and in women. The rate was significant in the patients using dentures (P< 0.001) and the ones keeping on smoking (P <0.038). The infection in the patients with type II diabetes was higher than the cases with Type I. Given the high prevalence of Candidiasis and Candida colonization in the mouth of diabetic patients, it is a necessity to identify and treat these infections in order to prevent further complications.

Candidiasisis the most common human opportunistic disease with the prevalence and resistance of etiologic agents being increased as a result of increasing the immunosuppressed diabetics and malignancies. Candida albicans known as the most common agent of disease is one of the human body’s normal floras. The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-Candida properties of the aerial parts of Ferula assafoatida compared with Fluconazole in vitro. In the current experimental lab-trial study a 35 mg/ml aqueous extracts ofIranian Ferula assafoatida aerial parts were prepared and then used for evaluation of their susceptibility against a standard Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Different concentrations of this herbal extract and Fluconazole were used for determining the minimum inhibition concentration and killing on Candidasuspensions. Concentrations of 8.75 mg/ml aerial parts of Ferula assafoetida completely inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and killed all viable cells (MFC). Concentrations of 0.273 and 4.4 mg/ml Ferula aqueous extracts were also determined as MIC50 and MIC90. In case of Fluconazole, 128 µg/ml concentrationis determined as MFC and 0.5 µg/ml concentration is also known as MIC50. Results of the current study showed that the aqueous extract of Ferula assafoetida aerial parts has inhibitory and candidacidal effect against Candida albicans and further in vivo studies are suggested.