جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کاهش وزن" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Obesity, as a chronic and prevalent disorder, is directly and indirectly associated with many diseases. It is one of the most important fields of study in health psychology. In recent years, people with obesity have shown signs of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and inefficient interpersonal behavior. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies are processes that people use to manage stress. So, thoughts and cognitions are essential in managing, regulating, and controlling emotions after experiencing a stressful event. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies are among the important aspects of obesity pathology. Therefore, it is considered one of the important diagnostic and therapeutic criteria in psychological interventions for obesity. Interpersonal psychotherapy indicates cognitive, emotional, and affective distress as a result of negative social evaluation, which makes a person suffer from eating disorder symptoms. As a result, it is recommended that thoughts and emotions and inefficiency in social situations be identified, as well as to increase self–esteem and reduce emotional responses that cause eating behavior. This study assessed the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy on weight loss and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in obese people.

The present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this research comprised obese people who were referred to nutrition clinics located in a specific area of Tehran City, Iran, from November 2017 to February 2018. This research selected 28 eligible volunteers with a body mass index above 29.9 kg/m2 by purposeful sampling and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were assigned to the experimental group (interpersonal psychotherapy, n=13) and control group (n=15). The inclusion criteria in this research were as follows: living in Tehran and being able to participate in group therapy sessions, being willing to cooperate, being between 20 and 50 years old, not suffering from a chronic physical disease, lacking any psychological disorders, and being obese (BMI>29.9 kg/m2). The exclusion criteria were as follows: unwillingness to continue attending intervention sessions and failure to attend group therapy for more than two sessions. Then, after explaining the goals and conditions of the study to the participants, they were assured that while their information remains confidential, they can withdraw from the plan at any stage of the study if they wish. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Then, they completed the demographic and emotional cognitive regulation questionnaires (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007) at the study's beginning and end. Furthermore, the participant's body mass index was measured at the first meeting and at the treatment's end. The intervention group participated in the interpersonal group therapy for ten sessions. Statistical methods included the Chi–square test and analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that interpersonal psychotherapy could reduce body mass index (p<0.001), reduce negative emotional cognitive regulation strategies (p<0.001), and increase positive emotional cognitive regulation strategies (p<0.001).

Interpersonal psychotherapy is an effective way to lose weight and improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Therefore, this treatment method is recommended to promote the physical and mental health of obese individuals.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mental health, eating attitudes, and the amount of weight loss in obese and overweight individuals.

The design of the study was cross-sectional. The statistical population consisted of obese and overweight individuals who visited nutrition clinics in Rasht City, Iran. A total of 420 participants were included in the study, comprising 378 women with an average weight of 79.99 ± 15.91 kg, height of 161.67 ± 5.98 cm, age of 39.59 ± 11.15 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 30.88 ± 3.06 kg/m2, as well as 42 men with an average weight of 100.31 ± 23.59 kg, height of 175.07 ± 9.75 cm, age of 38.45 ± 11.35 years, and BMI of 32.75 ± 4.20 kg/m2. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using online questionnaires that included Carner's Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and regression modeling in SPSS software.

There was a significant relationship between mental health (r =- 0.18, P < 0.001) and eating attitude (r = 0.10, P = 0.030) with the success rate in weight loss. The relationship between mental health dimensions, including physical condition (r =- 0.19, P < 0.001), anxiety (r =- 0.11, P = 0.018), and social function (r = -0.16, P = 0.001) was significant with weight loss. The relationship between the components of eating attitude, including oral control (r = 0.21, P < 0.001) and desire to eat (r =- 0.12, P = 0.009) with success in weight loss was significant.

Higher mental health, as well as a better level of eating attitude, was associated with greater weight loss success in obese and overweight people referred to nutrition clinics. Therefore, paying attention to these factors will increase the probability of success in weight loss.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological capital, weight and fat mass of obese women.

This study is a semi-experimental, involving a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population comprised all overweight and obese women living in Yazd in 2021. According to the inclusion criteria, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included a demographic information questionnaire, the psychological capital questionnaire, and the ACT treatment protocol. Following the pre-test, subjects in the control group underwent ACT treatment training sessions as the independent variable. The intervention consisted of nine group therapy sessions, each lasting 1.5 hours. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

At the beginning of the research, the average weight in the experimental group was 73.85 kg and in the control group was 74.01 kg. The findings of the research showed that the treatment based on ACT was able to play an effective role in increasing the psychological capital of overweight and obese women in Yazd city (p=0/001). This treatment was also effective in reducing the fat mass and weight of the participants (p=0/001).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that ACT can play an effective role in solving the problems of overweight women and increase their psychological capital and reduce their weight and fat mass.

Obesity has spread among societies and most countries and has become a general and global issue. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of a combined weight loss program on cravings and anthropometric indicators in obese women.                                                                                     

Methods and Materials: 

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test design the test boy was with the control group. The statistical population included all obese women who referred to the nutrition clinic of Ardabil city in 1402. Considering that at least 15 samples are considered in experimental research, as a result, 45 obese women (15 people in the treatment situation with integrated weight loss program and 15 people in the situation without treatment) were randomly selected and placed in the group. Each of the experimental group was treated separately daily for 50 minutes and with 14 sessions, and the control group did not receive treatment. The members of each group were evaluated using the Cepeda-Benito craving questionnaire and anthropometric indices in the pre-test and post-test stages, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

Based on the obtained results, the integrated weight loss program had a positive and significant effect on food cravings, Body Mass Index and WHtR index (P<0.001), so that the scores of the subjects of the experimental group decreased significantly in the post-test of these variables, but on WHR and AVI had no significant effect (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that the integrated weight loss program method can be used in weight loss and lifestyle change programs and improving community health.

Weight gain and obesity are the global health problem. Time-restricted feeding is a relatively new method of weight loss with many metabolic and anthropometric benefits. Low-intensity aerobic exercise also has beneficial effects on weight loss and metabolic factors; However, the combined effect of TRF and low-intensity aerobic exercise on metabolic and anthropometric factors in healthy overweight middle-aged men has rarely been investigated. The present research has investigated this purpose.

Among 55 volunteers, 27 healthy middle-aged men in the age (35 to 55) with overweight (25 <bmi< 30=""> The groups included: 1-TRF18:6 & EX 2-TRF 16:8 & EX 2-TRF 14:10 & EX. Three groups performed TRF protocols with different feeding times (6, 8 and 10 hours of free feeding) and fasting in the remaining 24 hours, and the same low -intensity aerobic exercise (55-65% of maximum heart rate). The interventions continued for 12 weeks. Blood and body composition tests were measured before and after the intervention. Daily food intake was measured before the intervention and during 12 weeks. Finally, all the data were analyzed.Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for analysis. P values ​​less than 0.05 were considered as a significant criterion in all statistical tests.</bmi<>

The combination of TRF and exercise decreased glucose and insulin resistance in all groups. Cholesterol and LDL decreased in the 6-h and 8-h TRF groups. HDL reduction was significant only in the 8-h TRF group. Weight and BMI were reduced in the 6-h and 8-h TRF groups. The percentage of fat reduced in the 6-h group.  There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the variables. The average energy received in 12 weeks was not significantly different in any group; however the 6-h model caused a greater decrease in the average energy received during 12 weeks than in the other two groups.

The 6-h TRF model along with light aerobic exercise is suggested as the most reliable method to improve the metabolic and anthropometric profile in overweight middle-aged men.

The weight-loss drugs can induce depression. Orlistat is one of the common weight-loss drugs, but preclinical studies about its effect on mood have not been performed. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of orlistat alone and following inducing stress on mice depressive behavior.

In this fundamental-applied study, male white mice (27±2 g), in six groups having 7 animals were used. Orlistat was administered orally and imipramine (positive control) was injected intraperitonealy daily, depression was induced by the water avoidance stress (WAS) model during 14 days. The activity was evaluated by the Locomotor Activity Test, depression was assessed by measuring the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST), food consumption in novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and the sucrose preference test.

Orlistat (25 mg/kg) did not change the locomotor activity. Stress increased the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test compared to the stress control group (98±2.2 seconds, P<0.001). The difference in immobility time between orlistat group and the control group was insignificant, the difference in immobility time between orlistat-WAS group and WAS alone group was also insignificant (P>0.05). The difference in the results of latency and food consumption during novelty suppressed feeding test in orlistat group compared to the control group and between orlistat-WAS group compared with the WAS alone group were insignificant. In orlistat-WAS group the sucrose preference increased (69/8 %). Imipramine reduced depressive behavior in mice.

Orlistat administration did not induce depressive behavior in animals and it did not augment depression when administered during WAS. Evaluating the effect of chronic orlistat administration on depressive behavior is suggested.

Obesity and being overweight are emerging as important problems worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based on reducing stress on irrational thoughts and promoting positive thinking in people who want to lose weight.

Methods and Materials: 

The current research method is a semi-experimental pretest-posttest type with a control group and the population studied in this research included all obese women who were referred to nutrition clinics in Ardabil city, using available sampling, all the subjects who Paid attention to Ahvaz irrational beliefs questionnaire and positive thinking scale of Ingram and Visniki (1998) had problems related to irrational beliefs and positive thinking, a sample of 30 people was selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control group (15 people) were divided. The experimental group underwent mindfulness training based on stress reduction during 8 one-hour sessions (one session per week). At the end of the training, the posttest was performed on two groups, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA).

The results showed that mindfulness-based on stress reduction was effective in reducing illogical beliefs (F=142.72 and P< 0.01), and increasing positive thinking (F=9.95 and P<0.01).

Therefore, it can be concluded that practitioners in the field of treatment and education can help to reduce problems, irrational beliefs, and positive thinking in obese people by using mindfulness training based on stress reduction.

 Obesity and overweight are among the most common health issues in the world related to physical problems. Psychological and biological factors are associated with overweight. So, any intervention for weight reduction should be based on psychological issues and diet. Different interventions for weight reduction have been studied before, but their effectiveness has been less compared. Improving a healthy lifestyle is an assumed mechanism of effectiveness in psychological interventions for weight reduction. Previous studies indicate that character strengths are related to healthy behavior, and six character strengths had the highest correlation with healthy behavior: authenticity, self–regulation, emotional intelligence, kindness, love, and vitality. So, it can be hypothesized that any psychological intervention developed to improve healthy behavior can also effectively improve the six mentioned character strengths. The present research compared the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and character strengths among overweight women.

 This quasi–experimental research employed a pretest–posttest and a three–month follow–up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all overweight women living in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2019. Forty–five overweight women were selected through convenience sampling and allocated to two experiment groups of CBT and ACT and one control group (n=15/group). The sample selection lasted one month according to the WHO definition of overweight and obesity. The inclusion criteria comprised the age range of 18–35 years, body mass index (BMI) more than 25 kg/m2 and signing the informed consent form before participating in the study. The exclusion criteria consisted of concurrent use of other psychological interventions and problematic mental or physical issues for weight reduction. All participants were examined in BMI and responded to Values in Action–Inventory of Strengths (Peterson & Seligman, 2004) and demographic questionnaire in pretest, posttest, and follow–up sessions. Both experimental groups received six sessions based on the weight scape program (Ciarochi et al., 2014) and Beck’s diet solution program (Beck, 2007). Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, describe the obtained data. To analyze the data, variance analysis, Chi–square test, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and LSD post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 were used in SPSS version 23 software.

 Findings demonstrated that BMI in experimental groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001). However, no difference was found between intervention groups in BMI (p=0.812). The scores of the variables of authenticity (p<0.001, p<0.001), kindness (p<0.001, p<0.001), and self–regulation (p=0.002, p<0.001) in the participants of the experimental groups, respectively, ACT and CBT were significantly more compared to the control group. In addition, the participants of the ACT group had higher scores compared to the CBT group in the variable of emotional intelligence (p=0.034) and had higher scores compared to the groups CBT and the control group in the love variable (p=0.007 and p<0.001, respectively).

 CBT and ACT have the same effectiveness in reducing body mass index. However, ACT cultivates a broader range of personality abilities and explicitly affects the personality ability of emotional intelligence and love.

Weightlifting is a sport that is performed in different weights. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different degrees of weight loss on the values of ground reaction force during the lift movement in elite weightlifters.

The current research was semi-experimental. The statistical sample of the research was selected using the available method and included 10 elite weightlifters (at least 3 years of experience in national competitions, age: 25.50±0.75 years, weight: 99.4±4.9 kg, height: 1. was 178.8±4 cm). The ground reaction force data was measured at 1000 Hz during the isometric lift movement before and after weight loss equal to 2 and 4% of body weight. Two conditions of weight loss were performed with an interval of one week. The selection of weight loss conditions of 2 or 4% of body weight on the first day was randomly selected. For the statistical analysis of the data, two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the peak vertical ground reaction force decreased after 2% weight loss and increased after 4% weight loss (P<0.05).

The decrease in body mass percentage leads to an increase in ground reaction forces, which can be a mechanical risk factor for orthopedic injuries.

peak torque and peak joint power are two important variables in the performance of weightlifters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute weight loss on the power and torque of the knee joint of elite weightlifters at different angular speeds of knee flexion and extension.

The statistical sample of the research was selected according to the available method and included 10 elite weightlifters (at least 3 years of experience in national competitions) with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Using an isokinetic device, the peak extensor and flexor torque and the peak extensor and flexor power before and after weight loss (3% of body mass) in the sauna were calculated in the two superior and non-superior legs. Statistical analysis was performed using the correlated t-test.

The results showed that weight reduction caused a decrease in flexion and extensor torque in the left leg at angular speeds of 60, 180 and 360 degrees/second (p=0.001). In addition, in the angular velocity of 360 degrees per second, the flexion and extensor moment in the right leg has decreased significantly after weight loss (P=0.001).

According to the results of the research, it can be said that rapid weight loss caused by sauna (approximately 3% of body mass) resulted in disturbances in torque, flexion and extensor power at different angular speeds, especially on the non-superior side.

As overweight and obesity in children and adolescents continue to increase, this study was designed to explore the factors that facilitate or hinder weight control in obese and overweight adolescents.

This qualitative study was conducted as a personal interview with 12 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years who succeeded in losing weight and those who did not, from the clinic at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center at the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, in 2019. We used a purposeful sampling method and a qualitative analysis method to analyze the data.

Seven categories consisting of willpower and perseverance, support and encouragement of others, tendencies to beauty, lack of a rush to achieve results, adequate physical activity, understanding the disadvantages of obesity, and understanding the benefits of weight loss were identified as facilitating factors in this study. Seven other factors were reported as obstacles of weight loss, including misconceptions,  lack of family cooperation in lifestyle modification, lack of awareness about the effects of obesity, concern about dietary restrictions, lack of management and supervision of school cafeterias, parental misbehavior in handling adolescents with overweight or obesity, and their psychological damages.

The results of the present study show that in order to bring adolescents to the ideal weight, individual, environmental and familial factors and the interaction between them should be considered. The findings of this study could be used by health officials and policymakers to develop programs to prevent and control overweight and overcome obesity.

The vertical gastric plication technique leads to poor long-term outcomes and is associated with intolerable reflux, dysphagia, or weight gain in a high percentage of patients. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic results of two methods with and without plication of the distal part of the stomach in gastric bypass surgery in patients with morbid obesity were compared.

In this clinical trial randomized single-blind study, 40 patients with morbid obesity who were referred to one of the hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz during March 2020-February 2021, were randomly divided into two groups: with plication of the distal part of the stomach (n=20) and without plication of the distal part of the stomach (n=20) in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Weight loss rate, complications related to surgery, outcomes and satisfaction of patient were noted and followed up for one year.

The mean percentage of weight loss at different times did not show a significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The length of hospitalization after surgery was significantly less in the distal gastric plication group (p=0.0001). During one year of follow-up, hypertension, diabetes, HLP, and reflux were well in the distal plication method but showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Satisfaction of the patients was more in the distal plication method and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). One year after the operation, the change of diet showed no significant difference in the two groups (p>0.05).

It looks that using the laparoscopic distal gastric plication method is an effective and safe method and is associated with early ideal weight loss, reduction of complications, and increase in satisfaction of patients with BMI>=35 kg/m2. No need to use a foreign body, stapler or bandage and the possibility of re-operation are the advantages of this technique.

Overweight and obesity are among major health related problems in modern societies. Many psychological interventions are developed to lose weight and it is important to study their effectiveness. The aim of present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on body mass index (BMI) and quality of life among overweight women.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow up design and randomized allocation. Population was consisted of all overweight women living in the city of Mashhad. Forty five women with overweight were selected through convenience sampling and allocated randomly in two experiment groups of CBT and ACT, and one control group. BMI, quality of life, and demographic questionnaire were examined in pretest, posttest and three months follow-up. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Findings demonstrated that BMI was significantly lower in experiment groups in comparison of the control group in posttest and follow-up. However, no significant difference in BMI were found between CBT and ACT groups in posttest and follow-up. Findings also showed that subscales of quality of life were significantly higher among participants in intervention groups in comparison of control group in posttest and follow-up. Furthermore, participants in ACT group had significantly higher levels of quality of life and mental health in comparison of CBT group.

According to the results, both interventions had significant effectiveness in weight loss however ACT group had more significant effectiveness in some indicators of quality of life.

Among all the factors that affect human health and success, maintaining balance and paying attention to physiological characteristics and body composition can be very effective in childhood. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of anaerobic gymnastics training (AGT) on static, dynamic balance, physiological indexes, and body composition in obese and normal-weight boys.

In this semi-experimental study, sixty obese elementary gymnasts age 8-12 years old were randomly divided into four groups ((obese experimental group, n=15), (obese control group, n= 15), (normal weight experimental group, n= 15) and (normal weight control group, n=15)). The experimental groups had 45 minutes of AGT, which was held 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Anthropometrical and body composition characteristics, and balance were measured before and after 8 weeks of AGT.

According to the results we found the significant changes (P<0.05) following AGE in obese experimental group (weight= -8.09%, p=0.001, body fat% = -12.81, p=0.001, body fat weight = -19.38, p=0.001, Vo2max = +6.62, p=0.03, static balance = +32.69, p=0.001 and dynamic balance = -6.16, p=0.001). Also, in normal-weight experimental group we found the significant change of (Vo2max = +7.49, p=0.01, maximal heart rate = -3.34, p=0.04, static balance = +23.64, p=0.002, and dynamic balance = -9.97, p=0.001). Also comparing the percentage of changes in variables between the four groups, we found that there were significant changes in the variables of weight, p= 0.001, fat percentage p= 0.005, body fat weight p=0.005, static balance p=0.001, and dynamic balance p=0.002.

Static and dynamic balance improved after 8 weeks of AGT in both obese and normal weight children. In addition, the present exercise protocol reduced body weight, improved body composition, and increased maximal oxygen consumption in obese children.

Obesity, a chronic disease, is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and stroke. In this context, the consumption of natural weight-loss ingredients as alternative obesity treatments has been increasing because of the common idea indicating that they as natural products pose no risks to human health. (Simultaneously with the widespread prevalence of obesity; the use of herbal slimming products as an alternative treatment for obesity has increased. Because, the general belief is that plant products are safe for human health.) The analyses (analysis) of phytotherapeutic formulations showed increasing numbers of counterfeit drugs, as adulterants, withdrawn from the market due to significant side-effects and a high potential for addiction threatening public health. Because the drugs used in the products are not listed on the labels, consumers do not become aware of the risks. (Because the active ingredients in these products are not listed on the label, consumers remain unaware of their risks and side effects.) These products can cause serious health side-effects due to accidental abuse, overuse, or interaction with other drugs. The illegally added adulterants are commonly including stimulants (ephedrine, caffeine), anorexic (amphe tamine and its analogs), antidepressants (sibutramine, fluoxetine), anxiolytics (benzodiazepines), diuretics (bumetanide), laxatives (phenolphthalein), rimonabant, orlistat, and thyroid hormones. This review study aimed to describe various categories of synthetic drugs frequently added illegally into natural weight loss products as adulterants,

The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal based and mindfulness-based interventions in modulating food craving, binge eating and losing weight in overweight women.

The current study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-and post-test design, with the control group that was performed in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Forty-five overweight and obese women were selected by convenient sampling. Two Experimental groups received treatment based on mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) and cognitive reappraisal intervention. Subjects completed food craving scale-trait (FCQ-T), and binge eating scale (BES) before and after ending of treatment/waiting. Data was analyzed using covariance analysis.

Results indicated that Mindfulness-based intervention led to significant decrease of Food craving and binge eating (P<0.01); While there was no significant difference between cognitive reappraisal and control groups (P>0.05). Also, Mindfulness-based led to significant decrease of weight loss (P<0.01); While there was no significant difference between cognitive reappraisal and control groups (P>0.05).

According to the results, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based could be an effective and permanent treatment for weight loss and modulating food craving and binge eating by increasing self-regulation capacity, cultivating awareness of internal and external cues and decreasing automatic behaviors.

The prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased with age. Resistin and visfatin are adipokines involved in metabolic regulation and physiological processes. Exercise is also known as a non-pharmacological method affecting health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks circular resistance training on serum levels of resistin and visfatin in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.

In a quasi-experimental study, 18 elderly women with metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training with body weight (n = 9) and control (n = 9). The resistance training program with body weight consisted of 12 movements and was performed for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test.

In elderly women with metabolic syndrome, resistance training with body weight reduced serum levels of resistin by 34.7% (p = 0.004) compared to pre-test values ​​. The resistance training with body weight also reduced visfatin levels by 26.1% (p = 0.024). No significant difference was found in any of the indicators in the control group..

Eight weeks of resistance training reduced serum resistin and visfatin in elderly women with metabolic syndrome. The resistance training is suggested to be considered as a health improving factor in the elderly.

The spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic and passage of lockdown rules may increase overweight and obesity in people. Therefore, this research intended to study the effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) using a virtual group for weight loss and increasing weight efficacy lifestyle.

This pretest-posttest equivalent to the control group quasi-experimental and applied study was conducted in Neyshabur in 2019-2020. The statistical population consisted of overweight females with a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25. The research sample included 90 eligible individuals randomly divided into three groups: experimental, wait-list control and Treatment as Usual. The interventional treatment in the experimental group was in the form of 42 ICBT sessions. The weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (WEL) produced in 1991 was used to assess weight efficacy lifestyle and BMI to evaluate weight. The data were collected prior to and following the therapy.

ANCOVA at a significance level of 0.05 was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that ICBT had significant effects via the virtual group and WhatsApp on BMI reduction (F (72,2) = 15.54, P <0/0005; Partialη2 = 0.30) and weight efficacy lifestyle increased (F (72,2) = 3.31, P <0/04; Partialη2 = 0.08) in the overweight female participants by SPSS-25 software.

Based on the findings of this study, ICBT via the virtual group was very promising and could reduce BMI and increasing weight efficacy lifestyle among the female participants in spite of the spread of a pandemic such as COVID-19 during which regular physical presence of individuals was not possible.

 This aim of this study was to qualitatively study the obese patients’ experiences of interpersonal relationships after bariatric surgery.

 This is a qualitative research. The study population consisted of all patients who had undergone bariatric surgery at least two years ago referred to the obesity clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital. Of these, 11 patients were selected using a purposive sampling method and underwent semi structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis method in MAXQDA 10 software. 

 The results were classified into one main category and four subcategories. The main category was related to the changes in interpersonal relationships. Bariatric surgery affected family relationships, marital relationships, professional relationships, and relationships with friends. It changed family relationships especially in married patients. In couples who both suffered from obesity, changes in physical appearance after surgery caused conflicts in bilateral relationships. 

 Bariatric surgery causes significant changes in interpersonal relationships. It improves the relationship between family members, especially spouses, although it can create different feelings at the same time. People after bariatric surgery may need the help of specialists such as a psychiatrist to regulate their interpersonal relationships.

Over the past half-century, the prevalence of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as fat disorders, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke have increased dramatically. Various types of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and viruses, have evolved to live in the human gut, called microbiota. Scientists have found that thin people have a balanced microbiota in their gut that causes them to lose weight, so they use a method called fecal grafting and fecal capsules to treat obesity. The aim of this study is to introduce fecal graft and its capsule in the treatment of drug-resistant obesity.

This article is a systematic review of the study which English and Persian articles are obtained from regular search of Internet resources using logical AND, OR function between keywords in Pub Med, Google scholar databases using English keywords, FMT, obesity, poop capsule, weight loss has been done from 2010-2020. The total search for fecal transplant related resources was 474 articles. Then, by applying the time filter, this number was reduced to 237 articles. In the final stage, by eliminating duplicate articles and examining the relationship of articles with the subject under study, 23 articles were selected as relevant and final sources.

In the treatment of obesity with FMT, the donorchr('39')s stool is transferred to the recipient after screening and necessary tests using various methods such as enema or colonoscopy, and then the recipient gradually loses weight by receiving a balanced microbiota of the donor. Instead of a stool transplant, which is a relatively invasive procedure, stool capsules consisting of the donorchr('39')s dried stool can be used.

Stool transplantation and fecal capsule are an effective method in weight loss of obese people (BMI> 30) with due consideration. Due to the novelty of the treatment method, further studies in this field, especially clinical studies of this method in the treatment of obese people in the country are also recommended.