جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "autoimmune" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Anti-IgLON5 is a neurological condition with neurodegenerative and autoimmune etiology. A 64-year-old man with a 2-year history of aplastic anemia presented with symmetrical parkinsonism, fluctuating consciousness, supranuclear gaze palsy, mild fasciculation, and muscular atrophy. He had disturbances in his sleep cycle and brain MRI. CSF analysis was positive for the IgLON5 antibody. We initiated immunotherapy with high-dose methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. The patient showed a mild to moderate response to treatment. We reviewed 29 published case reports regarding anti-Iglon-5 and examined the clinical manifestation. None of the cases showed aplastic anemia, which was the main presentation in our case. All of the patients experienced sleep disturbances, while other symptoms were heterogeneous. Anti-Iglon-5 is usually diagnosed late, leading to a weak prognosis. This study helped us establish a better understanding of the correlation between anti- Iglon5 disease and other autoimmune disorders like anemia.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of these conditions that presents difficult hurdles since it is a multi-systemic autoimmune condition with a wide range of implications, including an increased risk of cancer among affected people. According to recent evidence, it has been revealed that the lymphoma rate in patients with SLE can be 4 to 7 times higher than that of the general population. This increased risk is to be emphasized through stringent and attentive screening and management as the mechanism of this risk is still under research. Therefore, this section discusses a case study and literature regarding SLE and lymphoma better to comprehend the intricate correlation between the two conditions. Here, we present the case of a 53-year-old male who was just diagnosed with SLE and also suffering from abdominal pain and distention, in which the diagnosis of lymphoma is made via serial investigations. This case, therefore, gives us a lesson on the fact that Lymphoma should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in SLE patients presenting with abdominal complaints. With the ever-changing knowledge about the basic mechanisms of SLE and appropriate screening techniques, our attention to cancer risk in SLE patients should be increased to achieve better clinical outcomes.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and skin thickening. Psoriasis is caused by a complicated interaction between the innate and acquired immune systems. In the skin, this reaction produces abnormal T helper cell (Th1, Th17, and Th23) reactivation. Keratinocyte hyperproliferation is caused by increased cell signaling via cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ). Obesity, free fatty acids, microorganisms in the skin and digestive tract, free radicals in the body, and the cardiovascular system are also essential variables in psoriasis. Several variables influence the cytokine activation of the IL17/IL-23 pathway. Obesity, which is marked by changes in lipid profile in psoriasis patients, is linked to increased oxidative stress and the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, both of which can potentially trigger psoriasis relapse. Antioxidant-rich diet and intake can be employed as one of the stages in preventing psoriasis recurrence.

Isaacs Syndrome (IS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fasciculations, dysautonomia, and hyperactivity of muscle fibers due to hyperexcitability of the peripheral nerve system. Patients with IS often express voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs), contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2), and leucine-rich glioma- inactivated protein (LGI1) antibodies. Slower rates of grouped fasciculation, known as myokymia, are a common presentation in IS patients. Recently, carbamazepine has been considered as the first-line treatment to alleviate the symptoms of IS patients. In this report, the authors present a case of a female patient with ramps and unintended movements in the abdomen and both lower limbs. She was diagnosed with IS after the detection of myokymia in the needle electromyography (EMG) and a positive paraneoplastic panel for CASPR2 and LGI antibodies. The patient is now symptom-free due to the administration of Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, and Baclofen. Additionally, due to her potential risk for solid tumors, she is under regular follow-up.

Some neutrophils are shown to be able to release structures consisting of DNA strands associated with histones, decorated with about 20 proteins. These structures are called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETosis is the process by which the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps eventually leads to cell death. Indeed, NETosis is a cell death process that is unique from other common types of cell death. Two kinds of NETosis have been identified, vital NETosis and suicidal NETosis. Vital NETosis, unlike suicidal NETosis, occurs a few minutes after neutrophil stimulation. Suicidal NETosis can be dependent on or independent of NADPH oxidase. NADPH-independent NETosis can be induced by calcium ionophores. As long as NETs are set up properly, they play an important role in fighting infections. However, if not properly adjusted, tissue damage and inflammation increase. Furthermore, NETs are involved in some autoimmune diseases.

Sepsis is a severe, life-threatening illness caused when the immune system responds inappropriately to infections, causing organ deterioration and negatively affecting the systems inside the body, one of which is the coagulation system. Most hematologic changes in red blood cells (RBCs) are non-antibody-mediated hemolytic anemia (NAHA). Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare condition, challenging in diagnosis, requiring prompt recognition and management. Warm hemolytic anemia has recently been reported in patients with septic shock. This report presents a sepsis-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia case. A 44-year-old Vietnamese female with no chronic disease came to the emergency department because of sudden periumbilical colicky pain after consuming a fresh garden salad. The abdominal pain appeared nine hours after the meal, following vomiting. Twelve hours later, she developed diarrhea, subsequently a fever, and chills. She was admitted to the emergency department in the fifteenth hour of the first symptom. Septic shock, multiple organ failure, and warm autoimmune hemolysis were all present in the patient. Hemolytic anemia and multiorgan failure made the situation worse, leading to death. Autoimmunity hemolytic anemia in sepsis or septic shock is rare, but treating both emergency hemolytic anemia and potential infectious etiology is crucial in acute situations.

 Vitiligo is a prevalent autoimmune pigmentary skin disorder, with 0.5 - 2% of the global population prevalence. Human follicular T helper cells, dendritic follicular cells, and mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells all generate the B-cell chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13). Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 and its receptor CXCR5 have been linked to the etiopathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the latest studies.

 This study aimed to assess the serum CXCL13 level in vitiligo patients and its relation to the activity and severity of the disease.

 This case-control study involved 21 vitiligo patients and 21 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Full history taking, clinical evaluation, and assessment of the disease activity and severity were performed for all the patients. The CXCL13 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

 The serum CXCL13 levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls (227.35 ± 125.70 and 130.58 ± 26.52 ng/L, respectively; P = 0.002). There was a significant relationship between CXCL13 and the clinical pattern of activity among patients with vitiligo; however, there was no correlation with disease activity or severity index scores.

 Although CXCL13 was greater in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls, it was unrelated to the activity or severity of the illness. This finding suggests that CXCL13 might have a role in the immunological pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. Given the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS and the anti-inflammatory effect of Atropa belladonna (AB), the aim of this study was to determine the effect of AB on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in MOG35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Thirty-two purebred C57BL/6 mice, weighing (20 ± 2g) were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: control, and three experimental groups: EAE, EAE + AB100, and EAE + AB300 that after EAE induction received 0, 100, and 300 mg/kg AB daily. AB was dissolved in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) and the volume of gavage in all groups was 100 μL. After 30 days, the mice were weighed, anesthetized with ether and blood was collected directly from the heart. Specific animal ELISA kits measured the inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-17, IL-4, and TNF-α). One-way ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test was used for comparison between groups.

EAE increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and decreased IL-10 and IL-4 compared to the control group. AB significantly decreased the mean level of TNF-α, IL-17 and increased IL-10 and IL-4 compared with EAE group. The effect of 300 mg/kg was clearly better than 100 mg/kg. There was also a significant difference between the control group and the 300 mg/kg group.

In the present study, AB plant extract increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in the MS animal model.

Neutrophils are innate immune system phagocytes that play a central role in immunity defense. They are equipped with effective antimicrobial that is mainly stored in specialized granules. Considering that, it can also damage host tissue. Neutrophil deployment is heavily regulated through various strategies, including phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species, production degranulation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). This review article will discuss its role in inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and cancer and place it as a therapeutic target. It depicts that NET formation includes a suicide program morphologically different from other types of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Besides, NETs have unique DNA and antimicrobial peptide structures, and antimicrobial activity is among the functions of neutrophils as the first response to inflammation. So, it plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases, especially inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. As a result, it can be effective in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and its pathogenic role can be used as a therapeutic target.

 Numerous autoimmune disorders accompany with psychosis. The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disease with no reports about its concomitance with psychosis so far.

 We report the co-occurrence of schizophrenic spectrum diseases with VKH for the first time. They have common manifestations such as aggression, agitation, and self-talking, subsiding after chemotherapy. Workup evaluation was performed by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), lumbar puncture (LP) study, IQ test, lab tests for hepatitis and other infections, and retinal angiography and sonography. The patient underwent corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, risperidone, propranolol, and trihexyphenidyl.

 Our results showed the significant role of autoimmunity in the genesis of psychosis. On the other hand, unusual manifestations and slow response to treatment in these patients show that autoimmune disorders with psychosis may worsen the prognosis of psychosis.

Pemphigoid gestationis is an unusual autoimmune dermatosis of pregnancy, and recurrences may occur in consequent pregnancies. This dermatosis begins with intense itching, which progresses to papules and annular plaques and, consequently, vesicles and tense bullae. These lesions typically arise from the umbilical region then spread centrifugally to the abdomen, thighs, palms, and soles. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and immunohistopathologic studies. Here, we report the case of a 29-year-old women who developed recurrent pemphigoid gestationis in her second pregnancy and the postpartum period in 2020. The condition initially manifested during her first pregnancy in 2014. She was successfully treated with oral prednisolone and the local application of betamethasone cream. Pruritic skin lesions are a common complaint among pregnant women. Clinicians should be aware of autoimmune dermatosis of pregnancy, its fetomaternal and neonatal complications, and its possibility of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

To highlight the role of atopobiosis and dysbiosis in the pathomechanism of autoimmune uveitis, therefore supporting fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) and probiotics as potential targeted-treatment for uveitis.

This review synthesized literatures upon the relation between gut microbiota, autoimmune uveitis, FMT, and probiotics, published from January 2001 to March 2021 and indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef.

The basis of the gut–eye axis revolves around occurrences of molecular mimicry, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut epithelial barrier disruption, and translocation of microbes to distant sites. In patients with autoimmune uveitis, an increase of gut Fusobacterium and Enterobacterium were found. With current knowledge of aforementioned mechanisms, studies modifying the gut microbiome and restoring the physiologic gut barrier has been the main focus for pathomechanism-based therapy. In mice models, FMT and probiotics targeting repopulation of gut microbiota has shown significant improvement in clinical manifestations of uveitis. Consequently, a better understanding in the homeostasis of gut microbiome along with their role in the gut–eye axis is needed to develop practical targeted treatment.

Current preliminary studies are promising in establishing a causative gut–eye axis relationship and the possibility of conducting FMT and probiotics as targeted treatment to mitigate autoimmune uveitis, to shorten disease duration, and to prevent further complications.

Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (ASIA) constitutes a set of related immune mediated diseases that share a common clinical picture and a history of a previous exposure to an adjuvant agent. From a clinical standpoint, patients present with none specific manifestations such as myalgia, arthralgia, chronic fatigue and dry mouth as well as neurological manifestations such as cognitive disturbances, memory loss and neurologic disabilities. .

A previously healthy 25-year-old patient who underwent breast augmentation 3 years ago, with an asymptomatic rupture of the silicone breast implant, presented with three major criteria of ASIA, and improved after bilateral implant removal. She also had pleuritis and pericarditis, rarely described in such disease. A literature review on complications related to breast implants, their questionable relationship to the onset of autoimmune pathologies, and basic aspects of the diagnosis and management of ASIAwas carried out.

The silicone presented in breast implants should be considered as an adjuvant, with the potential to cause chronic stimulation to the immune system. This can lead to systemic manifestations that can be severe in patients genetically predisposed and potentially not reversible even after surgical removal of the implants. When facing patients with breast implants and systemic clinical symptoms, lymph node disorders, neurological manifestations, or serositis as in the case presented, without other defined etiology, the possibility of ASIA should be considered in the differential diagnosis.