جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cognitive dysfunction" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lactate-induced mitophagy in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

28 Wistar male rats were divided into four groups randomly: (i) control (Co), (ii) exercise (EX), (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D), and (iv) type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex). The rats in the T2D and T2D + Ex groups were fed a high-fat diet for two months, then a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) was injected to induce diabetes. The EX and T2D + Ex groups performed 4–10 intervals of treadmill running at 80–100% of Vmax. Serum and hippocampal levels of lactate, as well as hippocampal levels of monocarboxylate transporter2 (MCT2), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), forkhead box protein O (FOXO3), light chain 3 (LC3), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin, beta-amyloid (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein (TAU), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. 

Serum and hippocampal levels of lactate as well as hippocampal levels of MCT2, SIRT1, FOXO3, LC3, PINK1, Parkin, and antioxidant enzymes were higher while hippocampal levels of Aβ, TAU, and MDA were lower in T2D+EX compared to T2D group (P-value<0.05)

HIIT could improve mitophagy through Lactate-SIRT1-FOXO3-PINK1/Parkin signaling in the hippocampus of rats with T2D reducing the accumulation of Tau and Aβ, which may reduce the risk of memory impairments.

Opioids can lead to mood disorders, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Valproic acid (VPA) has neuroprotective effects that can prevent neural degeneration. This study aims to examine the impact of VPA on learning, social interaction, and depression in mice dependent on morphine.

Subjects were divided into four groups and received injections of saline, VPA, morphine, or a combination of VPA and morphine for eight days. Behavioral tests were conducted on day 8, and then administration of VPA and morphine was stopped, leading to spontaneous withdrawal syndrome. Behavioral tests were repeated on day 11, and histological analysis was performed on the hippocampus.

The preference index (PI%) decreased in the novel object recognition test in the VPA and morphine sulfate (MOR) groups compared to the control (CTL) group in the chronic phase. The concomitant administration of VPA and morphine caused an increase in social interaction criteria in both the chronic and withdrawal phases. The decrease in immobility time in the VPA and MOR + VPA groups compared to the CTL group in the withdrawal phase was not statistically significant in the tail suspension test (TST). In Nissl staining, the combination of MOR + VPA led to a significant decrease in the DC/All cell ratio compared to the individual MOR and VPA groups (P < 0.05).

VPA may improve social relationships and depression indices during morphine withdrawal. VPA may potentially mitigate the cellular changes in the CA1 of the hippocampus induced by morphine.

Cognitive disorders, characterized by transient stages and potential Alzheimer's disease, are influenced by changes in iron deposits in the brain. These changes can lead to toxicity and neuron death. Quantitative susceptibility mapping is used to accurately represent these changes, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the time window of each cognitive disorder stage and the need for targeted treatment. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative research database was used to download the data and eight healthy participants and twenty-one participants with cognitive disorders based on MMSE cognitive test scores in 5 groups of cognitively normal, Subjective Memory Concern , Early Mild Cognitive Impairment, Late Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease were included in this study. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping processing was performed using the SEPIA toolbox in MATLAB, and segmentation was performed using FSL software. Finally, statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS V26 software. Statistically significant changes were observed in the QSM values of the right thalamus (p-value = 0.043) in the LMCI group and the right hippocampal nucleus (p-value = 0.050) in the control group. After one year, the right hippocampal nucleus shows increased iron accumulation in healthy individuals, suggesting that the nucleus is susceptible to the highest rate of iron deposition in healthy individuals. Based on this result, the hypothesis that iron deposits are the cause of the unknown cause-and-effect relationship between iron deposits and Alzheimer's disease may be confirmed.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cognitive impairments following TBI are the most disabling and prevalent after-effects. These impairments have substantial and lasting implications on an individual's daily functioning and quality of life. In the acute and chronic phases after TBI, they can affect various cognitive domains, including attention, executive functions, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function, and social cognition. The significance of these cognitive deficits is underscored by their association with difficulties in vocational reintegration, social interactions, and overall independence. Furthermore, the long-term consequences of TBI-related cognitive deficits extend to increased risk for mood disorders. Addressing these challenges necessitates practical assessment and management. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments play a pivotal role in diagnosing and characterizing cognitive deficits. In addition to medication, cognitive rehabilitation therapy suggests using rehabilitation methods such as cognitive training, compensatory strategies, and assistive technologies. By recognizing the substantial impact of cognitive impairments post-TBI and implementing evidence-based techniques, clinicians and caregivers can optimize recovery and enhance the quality of life for those affected. This article aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, rehabilitation approaches, and challenges of cognitive impairment in patients with TBI.

Recent findings suggest that the plasma axonal structural protein, neurofilament light (NFL) chain, may serve as a potential blood biomarker for early signs of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given the need for early detection of neurodegenerative disorders, the current study investigated the associations between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in brain regions associated with neurodegenerative disorders and memory function with plasma NFL in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HCs). We recruited 29 AD, 76 MCI, and 39 HCs from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database in the current cross-sectional study. We used Pearson’s correlation models adjusted for the effect of age, sex, and APOE genotype to investigate the association between plasma NFL and rCBF. We found non-significant differences in age (F(2, 141) = 1.304; P = 0.275) and years of education (F(2, 141) = 0.013; P = 0.987). Additionally, we found significant differences between groups in terms of MMSE scores (F(2, 141) = 100.953; P < 0.001). Despite the observation of significantly reduced rCBF in AD and MCI groups versus HCs, we did not detect significant differences in plasma NFL between these groups. We found significant negative associations between plasma NFL and rCBF in various AD-related regions, these findings were only observed after analyses in all participants, and were observed in HCs alone and no significant associations were observed in the AD or MCI groups. These outcomes add to our current understanding surrounding the use of rCBF and plasma NFL biomarkers as tools for early detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. A conclusion might be that the association between NFL and impaired rCBF exists before the clinical symptoms appear. Further longitudinal studies with a large sample size should be performed to examine the correlation between plasma NFL and rCBF in order to understand these complex relationships.

While the beneficial effects of PA on the mental and physical well-being of elderly individuals are recognized, there has been little focus on its effects on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to examine the correlations between physical activity (PA) and depression, perceived health, physical function, and quality of life (QoL) among older women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

This study employed a descriptive-correlation design. The statistical population comprised women with MCI (scoring 21 to 24 on the Mini–Mental State Examination) over 65 years residing in nursing homes in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The sample of this study consisted of 334 women (mean age=69.12±3.68) with MCI who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Standard tools were utilized for measuring PA, depression, balance, muscle strength, and QoL, respectively. Perceived health status was assessed using one item. Pearson correlation test and independent t-test were employed for data analysis.

The results showed that 66% of the entire sample suffered from depression. The participants engaged, on average, in 14.69 minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA) per day. Only 22% of the participants met the WHO’s guidelines of 30 minutes of MPA daily. It was found that higher MPA was significantly correlated with lower depression (P<0.001) and higher perceived health, physical function (both balance and muscle strength), and QoL (all P<0.001). On the other hand, higher sedentary time was significantly correlated with higher depression (P<0.001) and lower perceived health, physical function (both balance and muscle strength), and QoL (all P<0.001).

The results suggested that strategies to improve health-oriented PA status in the elderly with MCI are necessary. In this regard, it is especially recommended that nurses plan recreational physical and sports activities for the elderly in groups or individually so that they can enjoy the benefits of PA.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic brain disorder characterized by diverse cognitive dysfunctions due to abnormal brain connectivity. Evaluating these connectivity alterations between and within such networks (intra- and inter-connectivity) may improve the understanding of disrupted information processing patterns in SZ patients. 

Resting-state fMRI analysis was performed on 24 SZ patients and 27 matched healthy controls. A functional connectivity matrix was constructed for each participant based on 129 gray matter regions. All regions were classified into eight distinct functional networks. Afterward, all functional connections were segregated into inter- and intra-network connections considering the eight networks. The Mean values of connectivity weights and nodal strength were examined for within- and between-network connections in SZ patients and healthy controls. 

This analysis revealed that the within-network connections in the somatomotor  (SM) network significantly reduced (P<0.001) in SZ patients. Additionally, intra-network connections within the visual and the ventral attention (VA) networks were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the SZ group. Moreover, disrupted intra-network connectivity was detected between the following network pairs: The visual-limbic, the somatomotor-limbic, the dorsal attention-limbic, and the ventral attention-dorsal attention system. 

The results showed an extensive reduction in functional connectivity strength for SZ patients, with a particularly significant decrease in intra-network connections when compared to the inter-networks. These findings can impact the understanding of the important dysregulated connections that are implicated in the incidence of schizophrenia.

Brain atrophy is associated with physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a great variability between different studies and methodologies, and its use is still limited to research projects. We aimed to analyze the relationship between several volumetric measurements and physical disability and cognitive functioning in MS patients in a clinical practice setting. 

This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 41 patients (31 relapsing-remitting MS, 6 secondary-progressive MS, and 4 primary-progressive MS) were included. Whole brain volume (WBV), gray matter volume (GMV), and T2 lesion load (T2L) were obtained using Icometrix® software. Physical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and cognitive status was evaluated with the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRB-N). The relationship between brain volumes and EDSS was analyzed through linear multivariate regression. The association between volumetry measurements and the number of affected cognitive domains was studied with negative binomial regression.

GMV was associated with age (b=-1.7, p=0.014) and with EDSS (b=-7.55, p=0.013). T2L was associated with EDSS (b=2.29, p=0.032). The number of affected cognitive domains was associated with clinical phenotype, worse in primary progressive MS (PPMS). There was not correlations between cognitive impairment and cerebral volumes.

Brain atrophy measurement is feasible in clinical practice setting, and it is helpful in monitoring the EDSS progression. Primary progressive phenotype is associated with greater risk of cognitive dysfunction.

People with multiple sclerosis ‎(MS) and their physicians recognize cognitive retention as an important desired outcome of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). In this study, we attempted to gather the opinions of Iranian MS experts regarding the treatment approach toward clinical cases with different physical and cognitive conditions. Opinions of 20 MS specialists regarding the best approach to 6 case scenarios (with different clinical, cognitive, and imaging characteristics) were gathered via a form. The estimated kappa of 0.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.159-0.163; P < 0.001] suggested a poor degree of agreement on the treatment choice among the professionals. Although most specialists agreed with treatment escalation in cases with cognitive impairment, there was no general agreement. Furthermore, there was not enough clinical evidence in the literature to develop consensus guidelines on the matter.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cognitive decline both impart a significant burden on the life and livelihood of elderlypeople. Growing evidence suggests an association between CVD burden with changes in cognitive outcomes. This narrative review aimed to compile, synthesize, compare, and critique findings from articles of the last 10 years regarding the temporal relationship between CVD burden and cognitive function among older adults. Electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for prospective cohort studies that estimated CVD burden in the form of the presence of CVDs, or assessment of health through CVD risk models and determined temporal change in cognitive function by either detailing cognitive decline or incident dementia/cognitive impairment. Seventeen original articles met with eligibility criteria during the screening process and were included. The follow-up period of the prospective cohort studies ranged from 24 months- 41 years. Framingham General CVD Risk Score and Atrial Fibrillation were the most frequently found CVD risk model and cardiovascular diseases associated with cognitive change, respectively. Incidence of dementia/cognitive impairment in various studies ranged from 4.2-14.9%. All but one of the studies had shown a positive longitudinal association between CVD burden and cognitive decline among the study participants. Consistent findings of the temporal relationship between CVD risk models and cognitive decline in the review pave the way for operationalizing preventive strategies that act on multiple cardiovascular risk factors before old age. Strategic reform and capacity building in pre-existing CVD health infrastructures could effectively reduce the dementia burden of any specific country

Cancer disease is considered one of the basic health problems in the world, which threatens the health of human life. It causes numerous personal, family and social damages in physical, psychological, and social dimensions.

The present study aimed at investigating health literacy and cognitive dysfunction on the quality of life of cancer survivors to make better decisions for the daily functioning, quality of life, and work capacity of cancer survivors so that their lives can be spent with more peace and less stress.

With a descriptive correlational design, 350 cancer survivors of the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Shohaday Tajrish Hospital) from September to November 2021, who had been treated for at least one year, volunteered online and in person. Cognitive failure (Broadbent et al., 1982), cancer health literacy test (Dumenci et al., 2014), and quality of life of adults surviving cancer (Avis et al, 2005).

Pearson correlation showed a negative relationship between cognitive dysfunction and quality of life; so, path analysis showed that 25% of the quality of life is explained by cognitive dysfunction, but cancer health literacy was not correlated with the quality of life of cancer survivors.

According to the findings, the optimization of cognitive functions after treatment was emphasized to increase the quality of life of cancer survivors.

Cognitive disorders are one of the most common disorders in elderly people with chronic renal failure. This study aimed to investigate the correlation and agreement of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), and Mini‑Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests in assessing the cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in north of Iran.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 84 elderly people undergoing hemodialysis. Inclusion criteria was having an age of 60 years old and older, hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months, and having reading and writing skills. The Pearson correlation test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test, and Bland–Altman plot were used for data analysis.

The majority of samples were in the age group of 60–65 years (28.57%) and the majority of them were male (66.66%). The results showed a significant positive correlation between MoCA and MMSE (r </em>= 0.69, p </em>= 0.001), between MMSE and AMTS (r </em>= 0.64, p </em>= 0.001), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (r </em>= 0.62, p </em>= 0.001). The results also showed a weak agreement between MoCA and MMSE tests (ICC = −0.11, p </em>= 0.633), between MMSE and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.007, p </em>= 0.369), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.001, p </em>= 0.780).

Based on the results, these tools seem to complement each other. The inconsistency between cognitive tests indicates a serious need to develop appropriate instruments for detecting cognitive disorders in elderly.

Few researchers have examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating aggressive behaviors among individuals with dual diagnosis (intellectual disability and mental health conditions) due to the relatively recent interest in the field of psychopathology in intellectual disability. This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating aggressive behaviors among clients with dual diagnoses in a community rehabilitation center, Ibadan, Oyo state, and the moderating effects of parenting style and socioeconomic status in the associations.

A 2 × 2 × 2 pre‑test post‑test factorial design was used. Parenting style and socioeconomic status at two levels each moderated the associations. A sample of 22 participants purposively selected was exposed to treatment using cognitive behavioral therapy, while the other five were exposed to placebo treatment all for 8 weeks. Data collected were analyzed using Line Chart and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).

Improvements were found in the post‑treatment scores obtained on the Aggressive Scale for Youths. A reduction in the Aggressive Incidents chart was recorded for each participant in the treatment group when compared with the control group, using a line chart and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Evidence also demonstrated that parenting style (authoritarian and authoritative), F (1,14) = 0.75, P <.05, η2 =0.05), and socioeconomic status (high and low), F (1,14) = 0.01, P =0.020, η2 =.00), moderated the associations.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is seen as a treatment intervention for individuals with intellectual disability co‑existing with mental health manifesting aggressive behaviors in the community or other settings. This should be used to improve the client’s quality of life under these conditions.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has a serious crisis for health systems in different countries. This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 anxiety and cognitive failure and temperament components in the personnel of a hospital in the Yazd Province.

This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were the personnel of a hospital. The convenience sampling method was used for the sampling purpose. The participants were the personnel of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sections of a hospital. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), and the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS-24 software. 

The mean age of the participants was 33.45 (6.42) years. COVID-19 anxiety was significantly higher in the non-COVID-19 personnel than in the COVID-19 personnel (P < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between COVID-19 anxiety scores and cognitive failure scores (P = 0.04). After investigating the simultaneous relation of COVID-19 anxiety with cognitive failure and temperament components, the model results showed that cognitive failure (P = 0.02) and sociability (P < 0.001) had a significant effect on COVID-19 anxiety.

High levels of COVID-19 anxiety in non-COVID-19 section personnel indicated the importance of paying more attention to all hospital occupations. To reduce cognitive failure and anxiety, it is recommended to provide psychological training, workloads reduction, and the number of personnel be increased.

Cognitive impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are suggested as a prognostic factor for disease development, and consequently higher disability and more deficits in daily and social activities. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the association between quality of life (QOL) and cognitive function in patients with MS.

We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). General characteristic variables were carried out, and then all patients underwent assessments such as Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54), Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and North American Adult Reading Test (NAART).

In the present study, a total of 92 patients, including 76 women with a mean disease duration of 6.82 ± 4.80 years were involved. Results of simple Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relation between California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) total learning with MSQOL mental health (r = 0.267, P = 0.017) and physical health (r = 0.299, P = 0.007). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a negative correlation between MSQOL mental health with Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) (r = -0.303, P = 0.015) and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO) (r = -0.310, P = 0.013). Besides, MSQOL physical health was negatively associated with Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) in the adjusted model (r = -0.270, P = 0.031).

There is a statistically significant association between specific aspects of cognitive decline and QOL. Therefore, more attention should be paid to cognitive impairment in patients with MS as based on our findings, it is significantly associated with QOL.