جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "enrichment" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental enrichment (EE) can mitigate the impacts of chronic stress. In this study, we explored the influence of maternal environmental enrichment on cognitive-behavioral disorders stemming from stress in the offspring rats.

Upon confirmation of pregnancy through the presence of vaginal plaque, the mother rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control and enriched environment. The male and female pups were subsequently categorized into stress and nonstress groups. The stress groups experienced 6 hours of daily restraint stress for 21 days starting from the 30th day post-birth (adolescence). Serum corticosterone levels were measured after this period, and behavioral tests were conducted.

Restraint stress resulted in elevated serum corticosterone levels (P-value < 0.05). Data analysis from the elevated plus maze and light-dark box revealed an increase in the time spent and the number of entries into open arms in the offspring of the EE-St group compared to the STD-St group (P-value < 0.05). Light-dark box results demonstrated an increase in step-through latency and the number of entries into the lightbox in the offspring of the EE-St group compared to the STD-St group (P-value < 0.05). During the forced swimming test, immobility time was decreased in the offspring of the EE-St group compared to the STD-St group (P-value < 0.01). In the shuttle box test, step-through latency and the total time spent in the light compartment increased in the offspring in the EE-St group compared to the STD-St group (P-value < 0.01). Lastly, in the novel object recognition test, the time spent next to the new object increased in the EE-St offspring compared to the STD-St offspring (P-value < 0.01).

Environmental enrichment during pregnancy diminished anxiety and depression-like disorders as well as cognitive defects induced by stress in the adolescent offspring rats.

In recent decades, there has been a flourishing trend in the production of highly beneficial and enriched foods. Marine organisms, including microalgae, possess nutritional value and unique compounds that can be utilized to enrich or create beneficial foods. One such microalgae species with significant potential in this regard is Spirulina. Numerous studies on Spirulina have highlighted its therapeutic benefits for various non-communicable diseases. These properties stem from the unique chemical composition and nutritional value of Spirulina, which includes minerals, pigments, omega-3 fatty acids, proenin, essential amino acids, and a variety of vitamins.Both domestic and international research has been conducted on the enrichment of food and the production of beneficial foods using Spirulina. The findings indicate that incorporating this microalgae into daily consumed foods, particularly grain-based foods, enhances their nutritional value by increasing levels of iron, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, essential amino acids, and protein. Additionally, the inclusion of Spirulina improves the sensory properties, texture, and color of these foods.
This review article aims to introduce Spirulina as a means to enrich food and enhance the nutritional content of grain-based foods.

Due to the lack of adaptation skills, the military period is considered a challenging period for some young people, which can be a revealing factor for mental weaknesses.

This research developed a psychological enrichment training package and compare its effectiveness with executive function training on social-emotional and family-friendliness skills of soldiers.

This mixed method research was sequential exploratory, and it was conducted in 2022 on the soldiers of Isfahan city barracks. The qualitative part was carried out to develop a training-counseling package for the psychological enrichment of soldiers using the method of thematic analysis. The sample consisted of 12 participants who were purposefully selected. In the quantitative part, the research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. At this stage, 60 soldiers were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Data collection tools included social-emotional and family-friendliness questionnaires. The data collected in SPSS software version 23 were analyzed using descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential (repeated measures and post hoc-test) (P<0.05) statistics at a significance level of P<0.05.

The qualitative results showed four main categories, which included intrapersonal weaknesses, family components, interpersonal causes, and environmental causes. The educational package was compiled and validated according to the management of these four main categories of mental  weakness. The research findings of the quantitative part showed that both methods had a significant effect on improving social-emotional skills (F=89.10 and P=0.001) but they were not effective on familyfriendliness. The results of the post hoc-test showed that the psychological enrichment method was more effective than the improving executive function.

The results obtained from the quantitative part confirmed the qualitative part and showed that the compiled package is valid. Both educational counseling packages for the psychological enrichment of soldiers and the improving executive function training have been effective in improving social-emotional skills, but they had no effect on family friendliness, and the psychological enrichment educational package showed a greater effect.

Due to the good solubility of vitamin D in oils, oil products can be addressed as one of the most suitable fortification vehicle. However, sustainability and loss of vitamin D during food storage is one the major concerns for the food policymakers and producers. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to fortify and compare the stability of vitamin D3 in sunflower oil and oleogel based on rice bran wax and sorbitan monostearate, during heating and storage.

Oleogels (based on rice bran wax/sorbitan monostearate/sunflower oil) and sunflower oil fortified by vitamin D3, then stabilities of  them was compaired, under two various conditions; including heating at 110 °C for 60 min and storage for 60 days at 25 °C.

Vitamin D3 in sunflower oil and oleogel samples decreased 29.5 and 24.6%, respectively. Thus, the rate of vitamin D3 lost was less in oleogel sample. Moreover, results showed that storage conditions did not degrade vitamin D3 in the samples.

The optimal stability of vitamin D3 in the two samples during heating and storage conditions and oleogel samples showed greater abilities to preserve vitamin D3.

Enrichment of food products with algae, which are inexpensive substances for human consumption and are rich in protein, carotenoids, antioxidants, omega-3s and fatty acids, are very important in terms of nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of Fermi pasta containing Donalina salina (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6%) and to determine the best formulation in terms of physicochemical and sensory properties. Therefore, 5 treatments were prepared and the results were analyzed by Duncan's one-way analysis of variance in Mini-Tab 16 software and a 5% probability level. The results showed that different concentrations of Donalilla salina in pasta on changes in fat, moisture, protein, carbohydrates, ash, iron, calcium, color index a *, b * and L *, loss of cooking and texture firmness of pasta samples were significant. (P≥0.05) so that with increasing the percentage of algae Donalila salina, the amount of fat, moisture, protein, ash, iron, calcium, color index a *, b * and significantly (p 050.05) increased Carbohydrate content, L * color index and cooking loss, tissue firmness decreased significantly (p≥0.05). Also, different concentrations of Donalilla salina in pasta had a significant effect on changes in sensory evaluation of color, taste and overall acceptance of pasta samples (p≥0.05) while on changes in sensory evaluation of texture of pasta samples. Was not significant (p <0.05).

Elevated liver enzymes and decreased total antioxidant capacity increase the risk of liver disease. Bread can be a good carrier for adding nutrients and effective herbs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bread enriched with Portulaca Oleracea on liver enzymes, and some oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

This parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% Portulaca powder for 8 weeks (intervention group); the control group used bread without fortification. At baseline and end of the study for 4 weeks fasting blood sample were collected to quantify plasma serum level of liver enzymes include AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), GTT (γ-glutamyltransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA).

The results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant mean between the two groups in terms of mean of the studied variables. Comparison of the mean change scores of predictor variables showed that except for malondialdehyde, there was a significant difference between the other variables in the two groups with a significance level of P<0.05.

Consumption of portulaca fortified bread improved the function of liver enzymes and increased TAC in the subjects. Therefore, the use of portulaca oleracea in bread can be used as an effective method for prevention and treatment in patients with diabetes.

Maintaining and sustaining an effective marital relationship is the goal of many educational programs and therapeutic interventions in couples. By increasing the awareness of couples, many effective factors in their relationship, including intimacy and solidarity in families can be increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of marital enrichment on family solidarity, intimacy, and marital commitment in women of reproductive age.

The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all women of reproductive age referred to Foumanchr('39')s health centers in 2018. The study sample consisted of 30 participants (15 experimental and 15 control). The control group completed the Elson (1985) correlation questionnaire completed the relationship between Walker and Thompson (1983) and Adams and Jones (1997) marital commitment. Then, the experimental group received 8 sessions of marital relationship enrichment training and after performing a post-test for both experimental and control groups, the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The findings indicated that marital enrichment training was effective on family correlation, intimacy, and marital commitment and its subscales in reproductive ages (p <0.01).

Enrichment training can provide family solidarity, intimacy, and marital commitment in women of childbearing age.

Soil pollution with heavy metals can decrease Fe availability in human food chain in industrial regions. This research was done to investigation the quality of tomato grown in a soil treated with iron slag and its effect on human health. This research was done in 2016 in a greenhouse experiment in Arak province with 72 pots including: applying 0, 15 and 30 t ha-1 cow manure enriched with 0 and 10% (W/W) iron sludge in a Pb polluted soil (0, 600, 800 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil). At the end of experiment, fruit Fe concentration was measured and Fe daily intake for 4 to 50 years group was calculated. Consumption of 80 g tomato which cultivated in soil treated with 30 t ha-1 enriched cow manure with iron slag can supply 18.4% Fe daily requirement for the children in the range 4 to 8 years. With increasing the Pb soil pollution up to 1000 mg/kg soil, only 12.1% Fe requirement was supplied in this age group. The results of this experiment showed that applying enriched cow manure with iron slag has affect on increasing Fe requirement from tomato consumption. However, tomato cultivation in Pb polluted soil can decrease fruit Fe concentration and thereby, decrease the human Fe intake.

  In this research Spirulina platensis blue-green microalgae with unique nutrient content and numerous nutritional and therapeutic effects in various food products enrichment has been employed. Information concerned to fortify wheat flour with powdered Spirulina platensis microalgae to produce pasta is very limited. In this study, the effect of spirulina powder addition to pasta and evaluating the physico-chemical characteristics have been investigated. The effect of Spirulina platensis microalgae powder at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 (% W/W) concentrations on pasta have been studied and protein, fat, carbohydrate, total energy and iron were determined by standard procedures. physical examinations of the samples consisted of color and texture evaluations were Caused out by colorimetric and texture analyzer methods. The results showed that different levels of spirulina microalgae powder had significant effects on chemical parameters of pasta (P< 0.05). Also, interaction of different levels of microalgae powder on the pasta color index was significant(P< 0.05) while on texture index of pasta was not significant (P> 0.05). The addition of 0.25% of Spirulina platensis microalgae powder to pasta, has improved the nutritional value and physical characteristics of the product and a functional food has been formulated that will be available to the community

Introduction and A large percentage of the world population suffers from hidden hunger, which is defined as micronutrients deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common complications of the micronutrients deficiency and there is a lot of effort to deal with this problem. For this purpose, this study aimed to examine the program of flour fortification with iron in Iran.
The cohort, case-control, and clinical trial studies with the search strategies such as iron deficiency anemia, fortification, and micronutrients deficiency, which were conducted until 2015 were included. The data sources entailed PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier Science, Blackwell Synergy, and Google. All the selected studies were available in English and Persian.
In several countries, the best method for correction of the iron deficiency anemia is food fortification due to high efficacy and low adverse effects of this method. Bread is a staple food in Iran; therefore, flour fortification was performed in this country. The premix powder containing 30 ppm of iron and 1.5 ppm of folic acid was used for flour fortification. Considering the various types of wealth, the total amount of iron in flour was up to 80 to 85 ppm that may lead to iron poisoning in people with a low socio-economic status because of high bread consumption, as well as the individuals with high socio-economic status since they receive iron from the other resources. Therefore this program was stopped in several provinces due to the mentioned complication.
Prior to the implementation of this program, it was essential to carry out abundant pilot studies to investigate the probable complications and problems of this plan. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited number of studies conducted on the adverse effects of iron fortification in Iran; therefore, further studies are recommended in this issue.

Today, women alongside men to help their family economic cycle. So the quality of work life and job stress affect on behavioral reactions such as job satisfaction, job involvement and job performance. Because more women than men experience job stress, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of marriage enrichment training on job stress and quality of work life of working women at Bafg Central Iron Ore Company.
This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The population of this study was all of married female employees who worked at Bafg Central Iron Ore Company (150 persons). From these 150 persons 30 persons were selected by purposeful sampling method. then, they were assignment into 2 groups (experimental and control groups) including test and control group. The marriage enrichment training (eight sessions) was held on experimental group. The instruments of this research were Health and Safety Executive) HSE) and Quality of work life) QWL).
The results showed that marriage enrichment training had significant influence on job stress in experimental group. But, marriage enrichment training did not affect on quality of working life in the experimental group. And so, this was not observed in the control group.
since, the job in women is very important, using of this training can reduce job stress the importance of women in the workforce is remarkable use of enrichment education can in women.

The present research aimed to examine the course books in elementary school with an emphasis on high cognitive levels. The sample included the science books in the first, second and third grade of elementary school, which were analyzed within content analysis framework as well as through quantitative method. The results showed that the objectives related to the cognitive skills accounted for 6.5 percent of all objectives. Therefore, it can be inferred that high levels of cognition scope have not been addressed in the science books; consequently, the innovation and critical thinking would not be encouraged for students in elementary school. Findings also showed that although the comprehension levels comprised the highest percentage of objectives, the proportion for analysis, innovation and creation were reported less than 18 percent. With regard to the results, it can be concluded that it would be necessary to review the science course books in order to include high levels of cognition and critical thinking for better enhancement in content.