جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « failure modes » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The importance of drinking water resources and their infrastructure for human health has made these resources one of the most vulnerable targets of terrorist attacks. The present study aimed to identify and assess the risks posed to drinking water facilities in Taleghan, Iran, using the failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA) method.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in all water facilities in Taleghan, Iran, in 2020. The types of potential hazards and threats of water facilities were identified by reviewing the necessary documents, field visits, observation, interviews, and opinion polls of water supply experts in Alborz province. Thereafter, risk assessment was performed, risks were prioritized, and necessary solutions to reduce the risks were presented using the FMEA technique.

The present study identified 40 potential risks. The majority of risks belonged to water wells (37.5%). The identified risks were 7.5%, 40%, and 52.5%, respectively, related to the quantity, quality, as well as exploitation and maintenance of water facilities. The highest risk priority number were 576, 392, and 343, respectively, related to the critical threats caused by point source pollution around water wells, poor protection and security of the pumping station,  as well as fluctuations in water flow in the distribution network and reservoirs. Furthermore, 42.5, 35, and 22.5% of the risks were at the critical, moderate, and non-critical levels.

Ad evidenced by the obtained results, water infrastructure in terms of exploitation and maintenance in the supply, treatment, and distribution sectors is vulnerable to various identified threats; therefore, it is necessary to make the needed adjustments based on the set priorities to prevent possible incidents.

Strengthening the security and flexibility of critical infrastructure such as water facilities, which are part of the main assets and vital centers of cities and are very vulnerable to possible attacks, has a very important role in reducing vulnerability in critical situations. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the risk of drinking water facilities in Hashtgerd city by Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). 

The present analytical study was conducted in the all water facility of Hashtgerd city, Alborz, Iran in 2020. Identification and determination of the types of potential hazards and threats of water facilities in Hashtgerd city related to the quantity and quality of water and operation and maintenance was done by reviewing the necessary documents, field visits, observation, interviews and opinion polls of Alborz province water supply experts. Then, risk assessment was performed using FMEA technique. The risk priority number was calculated by multiplying the three factors of severity, probability of occurrence and probability of discovery, and based on that, risk prioritization was performed and the necessary solutions to reduce the risk were presented.

In this study, 42 potential risks were identified. The highest risks belonged to water wells (35.71%). The identified risks were 10, 33 and 57%, related to the quantity, quality of water and operation and maintenance, respectively. The highest risk priority number were 576, 448 and 392, related to the critical threats that belonged to improper selection of water well location, possibility of physical attacks on reservoirs and long life of pumping station and water distribution network, respectively. 47.6, 40.5 and 11.9% of the risks were at the critical, moderate and non-critical levels, respectively. Risk priority number range of critical level threats for water wells with 8 risks was 192-448, for pumping stations with 8 risks was 280-576 and for reservoirs and water distribution network with 4 risks was 336-392.

The findings showed that all of the Hashtgerd water facilities are vulnerable to identified potentially critical threats and require serious corrections, control, monitoring and up-to-date and frequent staff training. Corrections implementation, especially for critical level threats, in order of priority for water tanks and distribution network, pumping station and then water wells, can play an effective role in reducing the risk potential and destructive effects of threats in crises and need to be seriously considered by water industry officials.

Many safety accidents in various industries are caused by poor safety culture of employees. Therefore, safety training can play an essential role in reducing workplace accidents and any damage to students. According to the importance of university workshops, the purpose of this study was to identify and assess the safety and health risks of the foundry and machinery workshops of Iran University of Science and Technology.

This descriptive study was conducted at Iran University of Science and Technology in the 2018. After identifying risks, the Fuzzy Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique was used to identify and assess the RPN number of risks which is calculated by multiplying of Severity x Occurrence x Detection and all risks were prioritized based on the calculated RPNs. Finally, corrective actions are presented to reduce injury risks.

The RPN range of 10 potential hazards in the machinery workshop calculated from 5.8 to 230.3, and the RPN range of 19 potential hazards in the foundry workshop calculated from 1.3 to 665.3. The danger of " throwing lathe chuck wrench " with RPN=230/33 in machinery workshop and "melt throwing due to air retention in metal parts " with RPN=665/33 in foundry workshop received the top priorities.

Based on the calculated results, it is expected that the implementation of proposed corrective actions and the development of educational programs to promote students' safety culture can reduce the level of existing risks significantly.