جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "psychological problems" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Emotional eating is harmful to health and it has a high incidence in obese people, especially obese women. Therefore, it is important to recognize the causing factors. The purpose of this study was to explore obese young women’s lived experiences of psychological factors resulting emotional eating.

A qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was conducted. A purposive sampling method was used to select 17 young women experiencing emotional eating with a body mass index of 30 or higher. Diekelmann and colleagues’ method was used to analyze the data collected through face-to-face, individual and semistructured interviews.

Regarding psychological factors related to emotional eating behavior, the theme of "psychological problems" was identified. This theme includes 6 sub-themes including: "Insecure attachment", "emotional deprivation", "lack of self-compassion", "rumination of negative thoughts", "psychological resistance in motivational structure" and "psychological inflexibility in moral-religious considerations".

The results of this study suggest that a number of psychological factors play a role in creating women's emotional eating behavior. These factors are interrelated and some of them are the underlying causes of other factors. In other words; these factors in link together to create and maintain emotional eating behavior. The results of this study may provide insights for planning effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for emotional overeating and weight management in women.

The high school period is critical for students’ independent identity formation. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many high school students to miss school, which can have various psychological effects on them. This research aimed to explore the experiences of teachers and counselors about the psychological consequences of students’ absenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic after resuming school.

This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach and was conducted in 2023. The participants were 21 teachers and counselors from the high schools of Mazandaran province, Iran, who were chosen by purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth and semi-structured. The sampling continued until data saturation was reached, and the data was analyzed using the six-step Van Manen method. The criteria of Lincoln and Guba were applied to ensure the trustworthiness and validity of the data.

From the data analysis, six main themes emerged, followed by 15 sub-themes. The main themes were self-esteem behind the mask, weakening the school’s position, pressure in a damaged family, reduced resilience, loss of enthusiasm, and the virtual and social learning duality.

The findings indicated that high school students who missed school and followed distance education for a long time could face serious psychological problems. The study suggested that education systems adopt a blended face-to-face and distance education approach to provide care programs and prevent psychological complications in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Epidemiology of psychological problems of children with type 1 diabetes is particularly important due to the ever-increasing prevalence of its sufferers in the world and difficult and stressful conditions of living with this disease and also the long-term negative effects it can have on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual development of people. Because knowing the current condition of these children is essential for any psychological planning and intervention; the present study was conducted with the aim of epidemiology of psychological problems of children with type 1 diabetes.

Methods and Materials:

 In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 100 children aged 8 to 12 years with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan province who were cared for in medical centers of the University of Medical Sciences in 2022 were investigated. Psychological problems including emotional-behavioral problems were measured by Children's Behavior Inventory (CBCL). The data was analyzed through SPSS software version 26 and with descriptive (mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential (chi-square, one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance) indicators.

68.7% of children examined in this research had psychological problems at the clinical level (55.2%) or borderline (13.5%).Some psychological problems were significantly related to gender and economic and educational level of the family (p ≤ 0.05).

Children with type 1 diabetes have internalized psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, somatization, as well as externalized problems such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors at the clinical and borderline levels. It is necessary to design and implement a context by strengthening the relationship between the medical team and the consultants to facilitate the acceptance of life with diabetes and help the children and their families express emotions properly.

 Psychological problems are the result of a person's interaction with the environment and include behaviors that cause social conflicts, dissatisfaction and individual unhappiness. The present study aimed to provide a structural model for psychological problems based on disconnection and rejection domain and negative automatic thoughts with mediating role of experimental avoidance.

 The present study was descriptive- correlation and based on the applied aim. The statistical population included all individuals with symptoms of psychological problems that referred to the Qom counseling clinics in 2021. 250 patients with psychological problems were selected by the convenient sampling method and, they answered the questionnaires of “Depression Anxiety Stress Scales”, “Young Schema Questionnaire”, “Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire”and “Acceptance and Action Questionnaire”. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and by Smart Pls software.

 The results of structural equation modeling showed that the model had a relatively fit; And it confirmed the direct effect of disconnection and rejection domain (0.11) and negative automatic thoughts (0.68) on psychological problems. Also, the results of the mediating role of experimental avoidance also showed that experimental avoidance has a significant mediating role (0.66) between disconnection and rejection and negative automatic thoughts with psychological problems (P <0.05).

 The results of this study showed that the disconnection and rejection domain and negative automatic thoughts directly, and experimental avoidance indirectly has been effective on the psychological problems of individuals. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their characteristics disconnection and rejection domain, negative automatic thoughts, and experimental avoidance in reviewing people's psychological problems.

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is an extreme form of daydreaming that may cause significant psychological distress and dysfunction in individuals. A lot of research has been done on maladaptive daydreaming weaving recently, but its psychopathology is still not clear. The aim of this study was to compare psychological problems and job performance among two groups of nurses with MD and without MD.

This research is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the nurses of Kermanshah hospitals. Among the statistical population, 80 nurses were selected as a sample group in a convenience manner. Using the MDS-16 scale, out of 80 people in the sample, 30 people were diagnosed as having MD symptoms and 50 people were diagnosed as people without MD symptoms. 30 people without MD symptoms were selected and compared with the group with MD symptoms (30 people). The maladaptive daydreaming scale, generalized anxiety disorder scale, obsessive-compulsive questionnaire, self-report diagnostic questionnaire of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and job performance questionnaire were used to collect information. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (multivariate analysis of variance) sections.

The results indicated that there is a significant difference between psychological problems and job performance among two groups of nurses with and without maladaptive daydreaming (P<0.05). Between the fact that nurses with maladaptive daydreaming have a higher mean score in general anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, attention deficit and hyperactivity and have a lower score in job performance.

The presence of MD among nurses and a high score in psychological problems and a low score in job performance indicate a potentially serious, comprehensive and important problem. This preliminary study should provide a solid foundation for more detailed research on the causes and factors associated with MD and other related psychological problems and job performance. In addition, it is suggested to pay special attention to MD as an important component.

Nervous stress caused by children's developmental and behavioral defects, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), negatively impacts individual and family life and damages parental efficiency. Numerous studies have been performed on psychological problems and the mental wellbeing of mothers with children with ASD. However, no study compared the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy based on psychological and mental health problems of mothers with ASD children. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological problems and mental wellbeing of mothers with ASD children.

The present quasi–experimental study has a pretest–posttest and follow–up design with a control group. The study's statistical population included all mothers with children with ASD (boys and girls), referred to the Autism Association of Guilan Province, Iran, in 2019 (N=156 mothers). Among the study population, 51 mothers whose children received a definitive diagnosis of ASD and scored higher than the cut–off point (31.5) in psychological problems and a low score (90) in mental wellbeing were selected. They were randomly assigned to three groups of 17 mothers in each group: the cognitive–behavioral therapy group, the acceptance and commitment–based treatment group, and the control group. For the intervention groups, 12 sessions of 60 minutes of cognitive–behavioral therapy (one session every 5 days for a total of 2 months) and treatment based on acceptance and commitment, 8 sessions of 60 minutes (one session per week for a total of 2 months) were held. In this study, the following tools and protocols were used to collect the required data as well as therapeutic interventions: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Mental Wellbeing Questionnaire (Keyes & Magyar–Moe, 2003), Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy Protocol (Hawton et al., 1990), and acceptance and commitment Therapy Protocol (Hayes et al., 1999). Regarding the descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and regarding the inferential statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed using SPSS24 software. The significance level was considered 0.05 for all tests

The results showed that cognitive–behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy decreased psychological problems (p<0.001) and improved mental wellbeing (p=0.049). Also, the group × time interaction caused a decrease in psychological problems (p<0.001) and an increase in mental wellbeing (p<0.001) over time compared to the control group. According to the Bonferroni post hoc test, there was a significant difference between cognitive–behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy with the control group for both variables of psychological problems and mental wellbeing (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the mentioned therapies in reducing psychological problems (p=0.628) and improving mental wellbeing (p=0.920). Also, the average scores of the pretest with posttest and pretest with follow–up showed the effect of cognitive–behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing psychological problems and improving mental wellbeing (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the posttest and follow–up stages for the variables of psychological problems (p=0.124) and mental wellbeing (p=0.176), which showed the persistence of the effects of the mentioned treatments in the follow–up stage.

According to the research findings, using interventions based on cognitive–behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment reduces psychological problems and improves mental wellbeing in mothers with children with ASD. Also, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapies and the acceptance and commitment on psychological problems and mental wellbeing of mothers with ASD children.

 The present study aimed to review the effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the elderly. In this study, we reviewed topics, such as the causes of COVID-19severity in the elderly; the psychological problems of the elderly; the relationship between comorbidities and COVID-19 severity, and the comparison of COVID-19 with other pandemics.

Methods & Materials: 

This systematic review study was conducted in 2020 by searching in international Internet search databases. Boolean Operator (AND, OR) was used for a combined search without a time limit. The search strategy was limited to Persian and English articles using the following keywords: “older adults, COVID-19, psychological problems, social isolation, elderly abuse, ageism”. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, the remaining 58 studies were included in the study. 

 The results of the studies were extracted and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly were examined in 8 parts, as follows: Why COVID-19 is more common in the elderly and has more complications; what are the mortality and complications of COVID-19 in the elderly; COVID-19 and underlying diseases; psychological problems caused by COVID-19 in the elderly; COVID-19 and abuse in the elderly; COVID-19and ageism in the elderly; the comparison of COVID-19 with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and influenza epidemics in the elderly, and care for the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 The COVID-19 pandemic poses serious challenges for the elderly globally. To address these challenges, everyone must work, from government officials to individuals and families. Governments should enact laws that minimize the potential age-related abuse and discrimination and provide equal opportunities for all society members, regardless of age or gender. Families should also be aware of the increasing social isolation of the elderly and keep in touch with them.

Millions of children around the world experience grief as a result of various events. However, the experience of grief after the death of a parent has the greatest negative impact on children and some of them, for various reasons, cannot adapt to the absence of parents and develop emotional behavioral problems such as anxiety disorders, depression, aggression, hyperactivity and academic problems. Researches has used several treatments for grief children that have somewhat reduced their problems But it is essential to use treatment appropriate to the needs and problems of children. The purpose of this study was to introduce a cognitive behavioral therapeutic package based on factors affecting the psychological problems of bereaved children.

The present research has been conducted qualitatively and in two ways: content analysis about interviews and thematic analysis about texts. The study population included mothers with grieving children, child therapists and books, published articles on grief in children. Ten mothers with grief children, 5 specialists in the field of grief children, and also internal and external books, dissertations and articles published and available from 1996 to 2020, were selected purposefully as the sample population. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and literature review. Colaizzi Method was used to analyze the interview information. After listening to and implementing the recorded statements, the following meaningful statements related to the factors affecting the psychological problems of children after the absence of a parent were underlined and important sentences were identified. Basic concepts that represent an important part of onechr('39')s thinking were extracted and categorized based on similarity. Then they were linked together to create organizing concepts. Finally, were referred to the participants for confirmation of the factors obtained from the interviews. During the thematic analysis of the texts, first the meaningful sentences in books, articles and dissertations were underlined and named in the form of basic concepts. Finally, from several basic concepts that had a common theme, organizing themes were formed that covered the factors influencing the psychological problems of bereaved children.

Based on the coding of interviews with specialists and mothers as well as review of texts,  four organizing themes, including factors related to child, family, nature of death, and supportive factors were identified as the main factors affecting emotional behavior problems in grief children. Child-related factors were at the forefront of the factors identified in the formation of psychological problems of grief children, so these factors were given more attention in the treatment package and  were selected basic themes including expressing the childchr('39')s thoughts and feelings about the death and deceased parent; comparing a child with peers and feeling different from them; childchr('39')s level of understanding of the components of death; child coping strategies; the quality of the childchr('39')s relationship with the deceased parent, surviving parent, siblings, peers and teacher. Since family-related factors of the second category were identified as effective factors in the occurrence of emotional behavioral problems in children, in particular, the significant role that the surviving parent has in reducing or increasing the problems of children mourning after the loss, so this factor was also considered in the treatment package. Among the family-related factors were the conditions of intervention and training for the researcher, lack of awareness of surviving parent from childchr('39')s needs and problems after loss; and parenting styles of surviving parent, which were capable of modification, constituted the components of therapeutic package. Factors related to the nature of death and socio-supportive factors, because they could not be changed and manipulated by the researcher, despite their importance in causing problems for bereaved children, were not included in the treatment package. Cognitive-behavioral therapy package consists of 8 sessions of 45 minutes per week, the first to sixth sessions are for mourning children and the seventh and eighth sessions are for their mothers. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment package, the Child Behavior Checklist can be used before and after the intervention.

Many causes can lead to or exacerbate psychological problems in bereaved children. Giving the opportunity to express emotions, informing the components of death on a cognitive level, and improving coping strategies and quality of childrenchr('39')s relationships with people around, also modifying parenting styles and informing surviving parent from the needs of children after a loss, all prevent the emotional behavior problems of grief children. Considering the centrality of child-related factors in the formation of psychological problems of bereaved children and the focus of treatment sessions on children, the results of this study can be used in schools, kindergartens, counseling centers and other situations that may be encountered by bereaved children. Because children who face any loss for various reasons, especially the loss of parents, need special attention from those around them. . In addition, therapists working in the field of children can use the results of the present study in educating families and surviving parents, as well as planning to treat the emotional behavioral problems of children affected by the death of parents and other missing persons.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common disorder in the endocrine system. Hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, chronic ovulation, and infertility are important Complications of PCOS. Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) has a significant reduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This reduction can be due to many disorders including: menstrual and sleep disorders, hirsutism, marital issues, infertility, and emotional/psychosocial problems. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of sleeping and other environmental factors affecting the quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. 

This case/control study was conducted in 2017 in two groups: control and study (PCOS). The inclusion criteria were women aged 20-40 with a body mass index (BMI)<28. Exclusion criteria included no disease and no medication for all women. The participants were 180 women who were referred to the infertility center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Four questionnaires including Demographics (40 questions), sleep quality (PSQI) (19 items 0-3), quality of life (GHQ) (28 items) and psychometric (DASS-42) with their consent form were filled out. Student’s t-test and Chi-square were used to compare the variables between two groups and the Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between lifestyle dimensions.

The mean weight and BMI (P=0.002), hirsutism and irregular menstruation cycle in the study group were greater than the control (P<0.001). In the study group the mean score of the sleep questionnaire in three dimensions: sleep problems (P=0.024), drug use (P=0.048), and the sufficiency of sleep (P=0.049) were higher than control.Regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and menstruation cycle (P=0.046), as well as the three dimensions of negative affecting situations with family income (respectively, 0.015, 0.016 and P=0.035).

The environmental factors can easily affect the quality of life in PCO women. Sleep patterns were not favorable, and the effect of menstruation on mood and low family income caused negative emotions in women with PCOS.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is one of the most common metabolic disorders in childhood and adolescence that has long-term physical and psychological complications such as anxiety, depression and behavioral problems. These complications lead to poor control of blood glucose and consequently, increased blood glucose levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological problems and blood glucose control in children with Diabetes Mellitus Type I.
This study used a clinical trial with a control group pre-test and post-test design with control grop that was performed on 38 children with diabetes mellitus type I. The children were selected by convenience sampling and were replacing experimental group and control group randomly. In this study, were used Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) : parent checklist and HbA1C test and were performed 12 sessions of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for them.
Finding: The study hypotheses were analyzed by ANCOVA and MANCOVA.The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding to the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the studied variables. In other words, cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly (P The study results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as one of the new effective therapeutic interventions in the field of diabetes, especially in diabetic children, along with other treatments available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral training in reducing the psychological problems and irrational beliefs of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. One of the experiences for each family is the management of a child with a disability or chronic illness. Among the developmental disabilities, intellectual disability is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. The birth and presence of a child with an intellectual disability in any family can be considered as an undesirable and challenging event that can lead to stress, frustration, sadness, and despair. Excessive roles that are imposed on the parents due to the birth of a child with disability create a lot of stress for them. Mothers can be at increased risk of these problems, placing them at great risk of mental disorders compared to mothers of normal children. On the other hand, researchers find that many of the problems of mothers with children with intellectual disabilities are the result of their irrational beliefs. Irrational beliefs are negative thoughts that dominate the individual's mind and are a determinant factor in how to interpret events and regulate the quality and quantity of behaviors and emotions. The irrational beliefs of these mothers have an effect on their behavior and cognitive dissonance and can change their interaction with their children.
The present study is of the applied type regarding purpose. The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pretest, posttest, and a control group. The population of this study included all mothers of children with severe intellectual disabilities under the auspices of Abarkouh Welfare organization. Purposeful sampling was used to select the subjects. After clinical interviews, 40 mothers of children with severe intellectual disabilities who had low psychological health were selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (20 in each group). In the pretest, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Jones irrational belief's questionnaire were performed individually on the two groups of experimental and control. Reliability and validity of the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and the coefficient of internal consistency of the questionnaire were 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. Reliability and validity of Jones irrational belief's questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and internal consistency validity were 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. Therefore, the questionnaires used in the research had acceptable reliability and validity. The experimental group participated in cognitive–behavioral training sessions 2 times per week for 8 weeks. Control group was placed on the waiting list for receiving training. After the end of the training sessions, both the experimental and control groups completed the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Jones's irrational beliefs again. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and ANOVA by SPSS software.
The results of covariance analysis showed that participants in the experimental group of cognitive behavior training had significantly lower scores on psychological problems and irrational beliefs than the control group in the posttest (P With the help of group cognitive-behavioral training, mothers of children with intellectual disability can benefit from their abilities and become more resistant to life stresses which ultimately leads to increased psychological health and reduction of their irrational beliefs.