جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « risk-taking » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of emotion-focused group therapy (EFGT) on psychopathology in vulnerable groups. However, it remains unclear whether this intervention is effective for self-harming students. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EFGT on emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and tendency to risky behaviors in self-harming female students.

This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all female secondary school students in Bukan city during the academic year 2023. A sample of 45 students was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental, placebo, and control groups (15 students each). Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Self-Harm Inventory, and Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scalebefore and after the group therapy and in the follow-up phase. The emotion-focused treatment protocol developed by Watson and Greenberg (2006) was administered over 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each, conducted over a period of 2 months for the experimental group. Data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA using SPSS-25 software.

The findings indicated that EFGT significantly reduced emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, tendency to risky behaviors, and self-harm tendencies in the experimental group compared to the placebo and control groups (p<0.01). These effects were sustained during the follow-up phase (p<0.01).

The results of the present study provided appropriate experimental support for the effect of EFGT in reducing emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, tendency to risky behaviors and self-harm tendencies in at-risk students. Therefore, clinical experts and psychotherapists can use this intervention to effectively treat emotional dysregulation, risky behaviors and self-harm tendencies in students.

Risk-taking is a behavior that endangers a person’s health and provides the basis for a person to suffer from physical and psychological diseases. Substance dependence disorder includes cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms along with a pattern of repetition and withdrawal tolerance consequences. The aim of the current research was the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy on the risk-taking of people with substance dependence disorder.

The current study is an experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a 2-month follow-up level. The statistical population of this research was all the clients of opioid drug abuse treatment clinics of Nikteb, Golrizan, and Hami in Tehran in 2020. In the first level, using the available sampling method, according to α=0.05, the effect size of 85%, and three equal groups, using Gpower software, 63 people were determined. These people were selected among those who had received a score higher than the cut-off line in the risk test and then were replaced by a simple random method in 2 experimental groups (21 people in the cognitive rehabilitation group and 21 people in the phototherapy group) and a control group (21 people). The first experimental group received 12 cognitive rehabilitation sessions and the second experimental group received 12 phototherapy sessions, but the people in the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list.

The average age of the cognitive rehabilitation group was 34.19±8.27, the phototherapy group was 32.76±7.68, and the control group was 33.33±7.73. The results of the mixed variance analysis test showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up level had a significant effect on reducing risk-taking compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that phototherapy was more effective in reducing risk-taking (p<0.05).

Cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy can be used as treatment methods to reduce the problems caused by the riskiness of clients of drug addiction clinics.

Adolescence coincides with the occurrence of risky behaviors. These high-risk behaviors lead to unpleasant and destructive physical, psychological, and social consequences. Based on an extended parallel process model, if people do not believe that they are at high risk for disease or health hazards. More to deal with it are more sensitive. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of the extended parallel process model on the risk of female adolescents in Aliabad Katoul in 2020.

This semi-experimental study was performed on 50 female students of Sama School in 2020 in AliAbad Katoul city in Golestan province, randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection tool is the Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (IARS). In the experimental group, 8  sessions (45-60) minutes were performed in groups of 6-7 people based on the extended parallel process model duration of 8 weeks. Data were collected in two experimental-control groups before and after the intervention

ANCOVA test showed a significant difference by removing the effect of pretest (p <0.01, Eta = 0.15). Also, the extended parallel process model affects all dimensions of risky behavior.

The results showed that the extended parallel process model reduces high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls. Therefore, nursing theories and health models can be used as a low-cost but effective educational method to increase awareness and prevent high-risk behaviors.

The occurrence of risky behaviors in Iranian society has turned into a social concern. Additionally, risk-taking affects the health of adolescents negatively and it is suggested that committing risk-taking behaviors at least once during adolescence is associated with the likelihood of other problems and maladjustment in adulthood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between risk-taking based on parenting styles and Alexithymia in adolescents from the city of Mashhad, with the mediating role of perceived social support and the extent of social media use with the regulating role of gender.

The method of the present study is applied and correlational. The population consisted of all the high school students aged 14-18 in the first, third, and fifth districts of Mashhad, during the second semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. The sample consisted of 600 students in ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades selected based on convenience sampling. The data collection for the study included the Iranian Adolescents’ Risk-Taking Scale (Zadeh Mohammadi, 2011), The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Taylor, 1986), The Perception of Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Grolnick et al., 1997), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Scale of Social Media Use Questionnaire (Hosseini Esfidvadjani, 2021). Data analysis was conducted using path analysis modeling and test of mediating effects in the proposed model with the bootstrap method using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software.

The results of this study indicate that the proposed model fits well with the data. A significant negative relationship can be detected between the perception of parenting styles and perceived social support with risk-taking in both girls and boys. In addition, a significant positive relationship is detected between alexithymia and risk-taking in both girls and boys (P<0.01). Furthermore, the study confirms the mediating role of social support and the extent of social media use in relation to perceiving parenting styles and alexithymia with adolescent risk-taking (p<0.01).

Based on the results of this study, we can state that the variables of perceived social support and the extent of social media use play a mediating role in the relationship between risk-taking and the perception of parenting style and alexithymia in adolescent girls and boys.

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system is associated with various symptoms, including a preference for immediate rewards and risk-taking, deficits in time management and behavioral inhibition, attention deficits, and reduced value of delayed reward. The present study aimed to predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and decrease in reward delay value based on motivational deficits and deficits in time perception in children with symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to the research objective, the current study employed a fundamental approach, while the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population comprised all children between the ages of 7 and 12 with symptoms of ADHD in Urmia City in 2022. 200 individuals were selected from the population using a non-random and convenience sampling method from psychological clinics and relevant centers. Once the consent of the children and their parents was obtained, they were included as the final sample. For data collection, the delayed discounting task, the balloon analog risk task, the how I feel scale, the time reproduction test, and the continuous performance of attention measurement were utilized. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23. The results of the present study demonstrated that motivational deficits and deficits in time perception at the level of P=0.001 predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and delay impairment in children with ADHD symptoms. The results indicate that deficits in attention, risk-taking behavior, and reduction in delay value among children with ADHD are attributed to deficits in motivation and time perception.

This study aims to investigate the effect of nurses’ autonomy on the quality of patient care based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s model

This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 101 nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Arak, Iran from the intensive care unit and internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments. The data collection tools were Moghimi and Ramazan’s patent care quality questionnaire and an autonomy assessment questionnaire based on Kramer and Schmalenberg’s autonomy model. The data were analyzed in SPSS software.

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University of Arak Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1397.66).

The mean autonomy score of nurses was 3.16 ±0.35, indicating a desirable level. Nurses of all departments had limited autonomy. In the internal department, nurses had unsanctioned autonomy, while in the surgical department, they had autonomous nursing care action. The regression models were significant for all departments except for the internal department. With an increase of one unit in limited autonomy in the intensive care unit, autonomous nursing care in the surgical department, and limited autonomy in pediatrics, gynecology, orthopedics, and emergency departments among the nurses, the quality of care can be increased by 0.253, 0.187, 0.522, 0.205, 0.466 and 0.129, respectively.

Nurses’ autonomy can increase the quality of patient care. The nursing managers need to empower nurses and provide an environment for them to apply their knowledge in practicing autonomy.

Crisis management is an important field of management, especially in the field of health. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of disaster management mechanisms in hospitals of Arak, Iran.

In this regard, 240 questionnaires were distributed among hospital and nursing managers in Arak. The questionnaire had acceptable reliability with Cronbach’ alpha  value of 0.897. 

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: 1274.1401.REC.ARAKMU.IR). 

Then, by using structural equation modeling in LISREL software, the designed model was analyzed. Finally, by using statistical tests, the research hypotheses were examined. 

The results showed the significant effect of three factors of “lack of stability in business environment”, “risk taking”, and “organizational culture” on the development of the mechanism of crisis management.

It is important to identify factors that can reduce or prevent the risk taking of female adolescents; Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of attachment styles, cognitive regulation of emotion and subjective vitality in predicting high-risk behaviors in female adolescents.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all female students of the second year of high school in Tabriz in the academic year 2018-2019, from which 282 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through Adult Attachment Inventory (Besharat, 2005), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al, 2001), Subjective Vitality Scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) and Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (Zadeh Mohammadi et al, 2011). Data were analyzed using inferential statistics method (Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis) in SPSS. 23 software.

High-risk behaviors have a positive and significant relationship with avoidant attachment styles (p = 0.002, r = 0.184) and ambivalent (p = 0.001, r = 0.201) and a negative and significant relationship with subjective vitality also subjective vitality (p = 0.001, β = -0/313) and ambivalent attachment style (p = 0.011, β = 0.147) have the ability to explain changes in high-risk behaviors.

Given that subjective vitality and ambivalent attachment style have the ability to explain changes in high-risk behaviors; therefore, intervention programs are suggested to improve subjective vitality and security of attachment to prevent the occurrence of risky behaviors in female adolescents.

The aim of this study was to compare the level of risk-taking, sensation - seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence of peers.

The method of the present research was of fundamental type according to the research objective and according to the method of data collection it was of descriptive type and causal-comparative research. In line with the purpose of the study, among all adolescents aged 18-14 years in Tabriz, a sample of 327 people was selected by available sampling method. To collect data used from Peer Influence Resistance Questionnaire (1), Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale (2), Arent Sensation–Seeking Scale (3) and Barat Impulsivity Questionnaire 11 th edition (4). Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.

Data analysis using multivariate factor analysis of variance showed that the level of risk-taking of adolescents based on the influence of peers is higher than the peer resistance group. Also, the level of risk-taking of boys is higher than girls based on influence by peers. But there was no difference in the sensation-seeking and impulsivity of girl and boy adolescents based on the level of influence from peers.

Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that peers have a high impact on risk-taking, excitement and impulsiveness of teenagers. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training classes for teenagers and their families about the importance of friendships during adolescence and the impact of friendship during this period on risky behaviors.

Psychologists have always contemplated adolescence due to its role and importance in human life. One of the favorite topics of psychologists about adolescents is interpersonal emotion regulation. This regulation develops naturally and focuses on a dynamic process. Psychologists also pay attention to risk–taking. During adolescence and youth, there is a tendency towards risky behaviors. One of the strategies that can be useful in relation to the regulation of interpersonal emotions and risk–taking of adolescents is psychological immunization training, which Meichenbaum first proposed. Adolescence is a sensitive and critical period, and interpersonal emotion regulation and risk–taking play an influential role in young people's attitude to life and decision–making in stressful situations. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological immunization program training on regulating interpersonal excitement and risk–taking in junior high school girls.

This quasi–experimental research employed a pretest–posttest and three–month follow–up design with experimental and control groups. The study's statistical population included all female high school students (N=9780) who were studying in 38 high schools in the 16th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2018–2019. This study used the cluster sampling method to select the sample population. For this purpose, three high schools were initially and randomly chosen out of 38 high schools in Tehran's 16th education district. The students of those three high schools completed the research questionnaires. Then, 30 eligible volunteer students who had the lowest score on the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001) and the highest score on the Iranian Adolescents Risk–Taking Scale (Zadeh Mohammadi et al., 2011) were included in the study. Next, they were randomly divided into two groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The experimental group underwent psychological immunization program training. The duration of this training program was 12 75–minute sessions. During this period, the control group did not receive any training. In this research, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency) were used to describe the data, and inferential statistics were used to analyze them using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test using SPSS version 24 software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for all tests.

The results showed that for the variables of interpersonal emotion regulation and risk–taking, group effect (p˂0.001), time effect (p˂0.001), and the interaction effect of group×time (p˂0.001) were significant. Also, the results indicated a significant difference between the means of the experimental group in the stages of the pretest with posttest (p˂0.001) and pretest with follow–up (p˂0.001) for the variables of interpersonal emotion regulation and risk–taking. Since there was a significant difference between the means of the mentioned variables in the posttest with follow–up stages, the effect of the psychological immunization program training was not permanent in the follow–up stage (p˂0.001).

According to the research findings, psychological immunization training helps teenagers protect themselves against high–risk situations and improves emotional regulation.

</span>Adolescence is an essential and vital period. In the last two decades, research has shown that high–risk and threatening behaviors have increased among adolescents and young people and pose a serious threat to public health. Many factors have been identified and introduced in the occurrence of risky behaviors, including life satisfaction. Due to inefficient coping with stressful factors, harmful consequences such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and self–harm will plague teenagers. Adaptive emotion regulation strategies negatively predict the ideation of high–risk behaviors, while maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies positively predict adolescents' mental risk–taking. Since adolescents constitute a large segment of the population, researchers should recognize and examine their problems and issues. This study aimed to present a causal model of the components of coping strategies with stress and risk–taking with the mediating role of life satisfaction in male high school students</span>.</span></span></span>

</span>The research method was descriptive–correlational based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study consisted of all ninth–grade junior high school students studying in the second semester of 2018–19 in Babol City, Iran. The sample size was estimated at 240 people according to the number of observed variables, and a coefficient of 15 was assigned for each observed variable (16 variables observed in the model), as well as considering the possibility of incomplete questionnaires. The samples were selected by two–stage cluster probability sampling. First, one of the education districts of Babol was chosen randomly (District 2), and then three high schools were randomly selected from the mentioned district. All ninth–grade students of these schools answered the questionnaires. Students answered the </span>Satisfaction with Life Scale (</span>Diner et al., 1985</span>), the Iranian Adolescents Risk–taking Scale (</span>Zadeh Mohammadi et al., 2011</span>), and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (</span>Endler & Parker, 1990</span></span>). In this research, descriptive statistics was used to categorize the individual characteristics of the subjects by calculating the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Also, the inferential statistics, including the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling, were also performed to analyze the data in SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 22 software. The significance level in this study was set at 0.05.</span></span></span>

</span>The direct path coefficient between stress–coping strategies and risk–taking was significant and positive (p=0.005, β=0.22). Also, the direct path coefficients between stress coping strategies and life satisfaction (p=0.001, β=–0.28) and between life satisfaction and risk–taking (p=0.001, β=–0.50) were negative and significant. The indirect path of stress coping strategies on risk–taking with the mediation of life satisfaction was confirmed using the bootstrap estimation method (p < 0.001, β = 0.220). The goodness of fit indices supported the good fit of the model with the collected data (AGFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.043, GFI=0.98, CFI=0.97, </span>χ</span>2</span></sup>/df=2.87). </span></span>

</span>Based on the research findings, coping strategies and life satisfaction explain students' risk–taking. Using skills to increase students' satisfaction with life can help students identify their mental state and coping strategies in stressful situations. </span></span></span>

 Crisis management is an important field of management, especially in the field of health. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the development of disaster management mechanisms in hospitals of Arak, Iran.

 In this regard, 240 questionnaires were distributed among hospital and nursing managers in Arak. The questionnaire had acceptable reliability with Cronbach’ alpha  value of 0.897. 

 This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: 1274.1401.REC.ARAKMU.IR). 

 Then, by using structural equation modeling in LISREL software, the designed model was analyzed. Finally, by using statistical tests, the research hypotheses were examined. 

 The results showed the significant effect of three factors of “lack of stability in business environment”, “risk taking”, and “organizational culture” on the development of the mechanism of crisis management.

Decision-making is an area of ​​human life that the cognitive sciences have long dreamed of drawing a complete profile of it.

Considering the importance of identifying the role of priming money in everyday decision-making and also the lack of focus on this area, this study was conducted to investigate the mentioned priming on aspects of risk assessments and optimal selections among given options.

The research method was quasi – experimental with comparison group. The statistical population was all students of Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran in 2020-2021. From students of Bachelor of Science and Master of Science, 30 students were purposefully selected, then randomly divided into experimental and comparison groups. Data were collected using IOWA Gambling Task (IGT) and Barrat Impulsivity Scale and then analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 software.

Significant differences were observed in the selection of cards from the advantageous decks in experimental group (M:31.26; SD:12.34) compared to the comparison group (M:22.06; SD:12.14) in the IGT (P<0.05).

According to the findings of this study, priming money in laboratory situations have the ability to influence the cognitive dimensions of everyday decision making and in particular, improving the selective function and the prediction of estimated value result in choosing more cards from the advantageous decks in the IGT.

Risk-taking is a personality trait which plays a part in the occurrence of work-related accidents. For this reason, people who are highly risk-taking whose decision might cause accident should not be employed in critical situations. The purpose of this survey was to design and verify the validity of the risk tolerance questionnaire, suitable for control room operators, through examining the event related potential (ERP).
At first, the questions were selected from reliable scientific resources based on the conceptual model. The questions of the initial questionnaire were selected based on face validity, and then the questionnaire was filled out by 178 control room operators. At the next step, the best questions of the questionnaire were extracted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In terms of reliability, 42 individuals of the study group refilled in the questionnaire again after three months as a test-retest. The ERPs were assessed using electroencephalography along with Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). The correlation coefficient calculated between the ERPs, and risky behaviors, and questionnaire scores.
One factor and 13 questions were identified as the best questions regarding EFA. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated between the questionnaire score and risk-taking behavior as well as between the questionnaire score and P300, which was 0.38 (P = 0.01, η2 = 0.70) and 0.63 (P = 0.01, η2 = 0.99), respectively.
The Operator control Room Risk-Taking (ORTQ) questionnaire consists of 13 questions which can be used as an appropriate tool to assess the risk-taking trait in control room operators and also for research purposes. This questionnaire has got three personality dimensions including risk-taking nature, impulsivity and venturesomeness.