جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "shiraz" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Bacterial infections are the leading cause of death in newborns. The growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a major concern. In this study, we identified isolates from blood cultures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a major referral hospital in Shiraz in southwest Iran and determined antibiotic resistance patterns.

All newborns admitted to the NICU were evaluated in a four-year study. The blood samples were cultured using a BACTEC system. From May 2015 to March 2020, 5937 blood culture samples were analyzed. The antibacterial sensitivity test was conducted using the disk diffusion method, following the guidelines of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2018.

In this study, 507 isolates were obtained from 5937 specimens. The most commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter (8.7%), Escherichia coli (5.7%), Klebsiella (1.6%), Enterobacter (1.4%), and Pseudomonas (0.9%). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-positive staphylococci (51.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (15.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.2%), non-hemolytic streptococci (2.4%), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (1.4%), and Streptococcus pneumonia (1.3%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Of the 318 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 88.5% were resistant to methicillin.

Staphylococcus, with a high frequency in the NICU, can be an alarm for medical centers. Also, in dead infants, the most observed bacterial infection was Acinetobacter infection, which requires the serious attention of the hospital infection control unit.

Environmental factors significantly impact the quality of school open spaces, creating small-scale collective areas that can positively influence student health. Among these factors, thermal health is crucial in promoting well-being. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Sky View Factor (SVF) on physiological and mental thermal health of secondary school girls in Shiraz, Iran.

A quantitative structural research method was applied in this study. Physical health assessment was conducted using Standard Effective Temperature (SET) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) models based on ASHRAE55 and ISO7730 standards. Mental Thermal Health was calculated using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) models with Fanger equation. Digital thermometer, thermo- hygrometer, and anemometer Testo were used to collect temperature, humidity, and wind data on the 15th day of April until June 2022. Additionally, the radiation temperature was determined using Energy Plus v8/7. SVF for each station was determined through spherical photography with Nikon Coolpix 4500 camera. Thermal health simulations were carried out using Raymanv1.2. The correlation between SVF and thermal health values was examined using SPSS version 26.

Among the six stations, Station 3 had the highest SVF (0/853) and was the warmest, while Station 2 had the lowest SVF (0/442) and was the coolest throughout the studied period. As SVF decreased, both physiological and mental thermal health values increased.

Resting areas near shady trees showed reduced SVF and improved students’ thermal health. Moreover, our results indicated that the impact of SVF on physiological thermal health was more significant than mental thermal health.

During disasters, hospitals play a key role in providing quality and appropriate medical services to increase resilience.
This study was carried out with the aim of determining the response rate of the emergency department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals to the Corona pandemic in 2021.
This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted in educational-therapeutic hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, 230 senior and middle managers, emergency department nurses and emergency medicine specialists participated in this study. Hospitals were placed in two categories: special centers for COVID-19 (3 hospitals) and other educational and medical centers (general and specialized centers) (8 hospitals). The information was collected by the hospital readiness assessment checklist (2020) for the management of infectious disease epidemic crisis based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization for the response of hospitals to the COVID-19. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed.
Findings of this study showed that the readiness of hospitals is at a good level (87%). The studied hospitals performed very well in items of support and management of financial resources, communication management, human resources management, diagnosis and management of patients, but in item of rapid identification and control and prevention of infection, they performed very poorly. The centers of COVID-19 scored higher than other educational-treatment centers, continuation of services and increased capacity, rapid identification, diagnosis, prevention and control of infection, which was statistically significant (p <0.05).
Rapid identification of patients seems to be an important challenge in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The allocation of special hospitals for the care of COVID-19 patients is also effective in preparing them for the pandemic.

Medical knowledge has developed in Shiraz since a long time ago due to the presence of expert and outstanding doctors. Najmuddin Mahmoud bin Sainuddin Elias Shirazi was one of the prominent doctors in Shiraz during the Ilkhanid period. He was reverenced by the rulers of Fars and the Ilkhanid governors. Teaching medical knowledge was one of Elias Shirazi’s essential activities and had a significant role in maintaining and continuing the development of medical expertise in Shiraz. Elias Shirazi was the head of Darwaza Salam Hospital in Shiraz and had a role in managing medical affairs in Fars. After the death of Najmuddin Mahmoud, prominent doctors were raised from his family; the most important of which was Mansour bin Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Yusuf bin Elias Shirazi. Elias Shirazi wrote many works, some of which have survived. His most important and famous work was the book Al-Hawi fi Elm al-Tadawi or Al-Hawi Saghir. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources to explore the role of Najmuddin Mahmoud bin Sainuddin Elias Shirazi in the advancement of medical knowledge in Shiraz through investigating his biography, actions and works.

The present study aimed to assess and optimize the spatial model of access to family physician centers in Shiraz using the Geographic Information System (GIS Software).

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed in four stages in all family physician centers and clinics in Shiraz. In the first stage, a review study was performed to determine site selection criteria, and in the second stage, the criteria were prioritized and weighted using the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the third stage, the data were recorded in GIS Software, and finally, in the last stage, the spatial data were assigned to databases.

Based on the results, the field of geography with a weight of 0.549 was the most important area, and the criterion of population age structure with a weight of 0.451 assumed the most critical importance in the selection of appropriate sites for the establishment of family physician centers. According to Moran’s index (MI = 0.055), family physicians are randomly distributed in Shiraz, and about 20% of the population do not have standard access to family physician centers.

As evidenced by the results of the current study, people living in the suburbs of Shiraz had far less access to family physician centers, as compared to those residing in central parts. Moreover, the spatial distribution of family physicians in Shiraz does not follow a specific pattern. It is necessary to plan and take effective measures to establish new centers or redistribute existing centers in accordance with the priorities obtained from the results of this study in an attempt to increase healthcare access in suburban areas using GIS and other related techniques.

Presently, air pollution is viewed as a critical environmental challenge that has deleterious effects on human health and ecosystems. The subway system is extensively developed in numerous countries with the objective of minimizing traffic congestion and pollutant emissions. The aim of the present study is to explore the impact of metro activities on air pollution and, subsequently, urban vegetation inside the two metropolises of Tabriz and Shiraz in comparison to prior years.

To assess air quality before and after the establishment of the metro, we collected average data for Particulate Matters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), Particulate Matters less than 10 µm (PM10), SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, as well as the Air Quality Index (AQI), retrieved frommonitoring stations in Tabriz and Shiraz between 2014 and 2019. We used the average of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated by the Landsat 8 satellite in the second phase in order to numerically determine the status of urban vegetation across two timeframes.

Preliminary evidence revealed that the average concentration of pollutants in Tabriz, excluding NO2, fell after the launch of the metro system in 2016. Simultaneously, several pollutants, including O3 , NO2, and PM2.5, and consequently the AQI, increased following the subway's establishment in Shiraz in 2017. Moreover, it was observed that decreasing emissions in Tabriz amplified vegetation, whereas reducing air quality in Shiraz lowered the NDVI values.

Although it appears that the metro's operation improved environmental conditions in Tabriz, a similar outcome was not evident in Shiraz. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies consider meteorological variables whenever addressing the metro's efficiency.

Aging is considered a critical period of life, and paying attention to the needs of this stage is a social necessity.

This study aimed to investigate the association between communication skills and mental health of elderly patients who were hospitalized in the south of Iran hospitals in 2020.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 386 elderly patients. The data of the present study were collected through a three-section questionnaire consists of demographic information, interpersonal communication skills, and mental health. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression tests in SPSS software version 23 and at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Elderly patients’ communication skills were assessed at a low level (67.01 ± 7.36). The mean score of total mental health among elderly patients indicated mild symptoms of mental disorders among them (177.84 ± 9.21). A significant association was also found between communication skills and mental health disorders among elderly patients (P < 0.001, r = -0.631). The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the components of understanding the message (P < 0.001), emotional control (P = 0.001), listening (P = 0.001), assertiveness (P = 0.005), and insight (P = 0.006) had a positive and significant impact on the mental health of elderly patients.

Owing to the correlation between communication skills and mental health, it is recommended to develop and use supportive programs in the form of elderly health programs in medical centers to improve the mental health status of elderly patients.

As a threat, social harm imposes a serious challenge to the health of individuals in the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of social harm in clients referred to the Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation of the social hurt in Shiraz. 5289 individuals who had been brought to or referred to the center by the teams of Prevention and Rehabilitation in the city of Shiraz in 2016 participated in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected through a researcher-made form. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and SPSS software. The results showed that 3950 (74.7%) participants were male adults, 813 (15.4%) were female adults and 526 (9.9%) were under 15 years old. The findings showed that 4827 (91.3%) participants were Iranian, 320 (6.1%) were Afghan and 142 (2.7%) were Pakistani. And finally, from the total number of people admitted to the center, 1435 (27.1%) individuals were freed on parole, 556 (10.5%) were referred to the recruitment unit, and 1652 (31.2%) were referred to rehabilitation centers. Given that the issue of social harm has become one of the most important challenges in recent years and this situation can adversely affect the physical and mental health of individuals in the community, there is a need for an organized and scientific approach accordingly.

The purpose of this study is to investigate Fars medical services monitoring, during fifteen years (1921– 1936). Available documents show that a separate office was established by the country health office to support medical affairs in the southern region of Iran, named the South Health Office in 1926. Illegal doctors were forced to stop working unless they obtain and present a degree from the Ministry of Education. At that time, there were 10 pharmacies at Shiraz, namely Adab, Nosrat, Behboodi, Razazade, Ziyaiyan, Iran, Khorshid, Shafa, Hafez, Fars Central. Pharmacies should have a valid license and work permit from the Ministry. There were a totally of 54 doctors, 11 pharmacists, and 3 midwives in Shiraz in 1932.

Hygiene has always been one of the most important concern of human beings. The negligence of this crucial issue is regarded as the source of many diseases affecting the society. In Iran, during the Pahlavi epoch, with the establishment of medical institutions, attempts were made to pay attention to sanitary problems, and issues related to women were no exception. During this period, associations were formed to defend women’s rights, including women’s health issues. One of the most important governmental organizations during the era of Pahlavi II was the Women’s Organization of Iran, which focused on women’s educational, health and legal affairs and established various branches throughout the country, one of which was the Fars Women’s Organization. This study, by employing a descriptive-analytical method, was carried out based on the available documents and library resources to examine the activities of the Fars Women’s Organization in the field of health during the years 1966-1979. Research findings suggest that the Fars Women’s Organization tried to improve the conditions of women by forming commissions and designing programs in the field of women’s health and hygiene. However, owing to the lack of due attention given by the government to the issues related to women and the shortage of funding, the activities of Women’s organization and its commissions failed to go beyond sending some annual reports to the headquarter and hence its activities were confined to some superficial issues, most of which were left unfinished.

Life satisfaction is an important concept in positive psychology, so that it is nowadays considered as one of the important indicators of well-being. The present study was an attempt to investigate the structural model of the role of personality traits on life satisfaction considering the mediating role of self-efficacy.

The statistical population of the present study included all students of the paramedical faculty of Shiraz that 486 people were selected among them using a convenience sampling method. Neo personality inventory and life satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaires were used to collect research data among general paramedical students in Shiraz. The proposed model was evaluated through structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS18 software and AMOS 18 software. Bootstrap method was used to test the indirect effects in the proposed model.

The results revealed that the proposed model has a relatively good fit with the data. Better fit was achieved by eliminating a non-significant path.

In general, the results of present study include important implications about life satisfaction and the factors affecting it, including personality traits and self-efficacy in paramedical students in Shiraz.

The medical tourism industry is a rapidly growing global market that has capabilities such as earning income and improving the quality of services. The purpose of this study was to utilize the capabilities of Shiraz city by developing a strategic plan.

This mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) research was conducted in 2019. The study population included all entities and key stakeholders involved in the medical tourism industry in Shiraz. A strategic plan was developed through focus groups and conventional content analysis and then the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was utilized to map it.

The strategic plan of the medical tourism industry of Shiraz city was explained in the form of 63 strategies, 5 goals, and 18 objectives. Also, the medical tourism industry strategic map was illustrated.

Achieving common agreement of all policy-making and implementing institutions, empowering managers on various medical tourism industry dimensions, and developing operational plans required by each organization in charge of the medical tourism industry can be effective in better use of the capabilities of Shiraz in attracting medical tourists.