جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ابزار » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 With the increase in the use of nanomaterials, there is a greater risk of exposure to harmful substances in occupational settings, especially in those with limited information on the impact on human health. As a result, the assessment of risks associated with these materials is often challenging, as traditional methods are not sufficient. The development and implementation of tools for classifying risk levels can be seen as an essential step in protecting the well-being of individuals engaged in work related to nanomaterials. Among the various approaches, Control Banding (CB) classification emerges as an effective and practicable qualitative technique for evaluating the potential health hazards linked to engineered nanomaterials. The primary objective of this study revolves around employing the Control Banding approach to evaluate and mitigate occupational risks stemming from the manipulation of nanomaterials.

 The resources were examined in order to identify the factors that impact health hazards in workplaces that handle nanomaterials. This examination considered the potential risks associated with nanomaterials found in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, as well as citations from authoritative sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). After conducting a thorough analysis of the available literature, the hazards associated with chemical substances and exposure methods when working with nanomaterials were identified. This analysis further resulted in the determination of the risk and exposure score using the CB approach. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted on control measures related to the identified level of risk.

 The categorization of risk scores, determined by the approach of classifying control measures, yielded five distinct categories. These categories, ranging from HB1 as the lowest to HB5 as the highest level of risk, were established based on information pertaining to indicators such as acute toxicity, sensitization, stimulation, and organ damage. Similarly, the categorization of exposure scores, determined by the approach of classifying control measures, resulted in four distinct categories. These categories, ranging from EB1 as the lowest to EB4 as the highest level of exposure, were derived from information concerning the manufacturing methods and release power of various types of nanomaterials, taking into account the probability of exposure. Subsequently, by merging the categories corresponding to the risk score and exposure, the risk level was determined across five categories, with R1 representing the lowest and R5 representing the highest level of risk. In accordance with the classification approach, control measures were proposed based on each level of occupational risk when working with nanomaterials.

 The nanomaterials risk management tool based on the approach of CB is an easy and qualitative method to evaluate and make decisions in order to reduce the risk of handing nanomaterials. In this approach, it is easy to achieve risk assessment results by identifying the inherent risks of a substance and predicting the probability of exposure. Using such tools in work environments can help professionals identify and remove obstacles and provide the possibility to communicate with managers.

The health of a society is one of the most important determinants of the progress of any community. Assessing the level of health in different communities is of great significance. For this reason, researchers are always striving to develop appropriate tools for measuring it. Since values and norms in any society are defined based on the perspectives and worldviews of its individuals, the tools created to measure health indicators, especially social, religious, and spiritual health, should be aligned with the do's and don'ts of that particular community.

Musculoskeletal disorders related to work are one of the most common causes of absenteeism. In order to reduce the damage caused by these disorders, first, we should try to identify the risk factors and the factors affecting it, and in the next step, evaluate them. The purpose of this article is a systematic review of the methods of risk assessment of ergonomic factors related to musculoskeletal disorders.

In this review, all articles published in Farsi and English in the field of ergonomic risk factor evaluation methods related to musculoskeletal disorders (March 2015 to December 2022) (last search date) were investigated. For this purpose, a systematic search of articles using Persian keywords (methodology, hand carrying loads, observational methods, instrumental methods, self-report methods, physical condition, questionnaire, musculoskeletal disorders, upper limb, lower limb, evaluation risk, ergonomic assessment, posture assessment) and their English equivalents were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of science, Cochrane library, Embase, SID, Scopus, Magiran Iran Medex databases. Unrelated articles were removed using PRISMA statement guidelines, and finally articles that were completely related to the study were examined. GraySource and BASE databases were used to find gray sources.

Initially, 1176 articles were identified from different databases and a total of 82 articles were selected for final review. In some reliable sources, the risk assessment methods of ergonomic factors related to musculoskeletal disorders are classified into three categories: observational (42 articles), instrumental (11 articles) and self-report (29 articles). Pen-paper-based observational methods were among the most common methods used in ergonomic evaluations. Among the investigated individual reporting methods, the Nordic questionnaire was the most widely used tool (87% of the articles), followed by the Cornell questionnaire (13% of the articles). Some occupations, such as nurses, also have specific methods for assessing ergonomic risk factors (MAPO, DINO).

It is suggested that the ergonomic risk assessment methods of musculoskeletal disorders should be multi-factorial (individual, occupational and psycho-social) and specific methods should be developed for jobs with high diversity in job duties.

The capacity to manage financial affairs is a multidimensional construct and includes a wide range of judgment, perceptual, and pragmatic activities, ranging from basic to higher abilities. The decline of cognitive function and the ability to manage financial affairs in the elderly can cause problems in them, their families, and society. The present study aims to design and develop a tool to measure the financial capacity of older adults in Iran.

This pilot study was conducted using Waltz’s four-step method Defining objectives, selecting a conceptual mod, blueprinting, and construction of measure (by application of procedures, item sets, and scoring rules). To check the validity of the tool, its face validity and content validity were evaluated.

The initial draft included nine main areas, 27 sub-areas, and 65 items. The questionnaire was completed through a semi-structured interview by an expert. The items in each area were scored as “yes,” “no,” and “not applicable”. By developing instructions, acceptable, unacceptable, and non-applicable answers for each item were explained. The content validity ratio and content validity index for the overall scale were 0.57 and 0.83, respectively.

The designed tool can help clinicians in Iran to make more consistent judgments and more accurately identify older adults who are no longer able to manage their financial affairs.

Palliative care is essential in nursing care, due to the increasing number of chronic and incurable patients. Nurses need to acquire special knowledge and abilities to provide quality palliative care. Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses is a questionnaire that evaluates their basic knowledge about palliative care. This study was conducted for cross-cultural adaptation in Persian language and psychometrics of Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses. after translating and assessing the face and content validity of PCQN, 162 eligible nurse were selected by convenience sampling in Mashhad, 2022. In order to prepare the Persian version of the questionnaire, internal consistency,difficulty and discrimination indexes of each item were also calculated according to Item Response Theory (IRT). Data were analyzed by describe, Cronbach's alpha, KUder Richardson formula 20 . The cross‑cultural adaptation ultimately resulted in a total of 20 items from the PCQN‑I. CVR was 0.83 and CVI for each item was 0.87 and S-CVI / Ave was more than 90% in terms of correlation and resolution. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97 and KR-20 test result of 0.72 reflected the reliability of PCQN-SV. The discrimination indexes of the 20 items, show us that five items are good or very good while eight items are bad to discriminate between good and bad respondents. The Persian version of Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses (PCQN-PV) can be used as a valid and reliable scale for assessing Palliative care knowledge of nurses.

Care is the core of nursing and one of the most important and basic components to achieve human survival and development. Meanwhile, measuring caring behaviors is of great importance from nurses' and patients' perspectives, since patient-centered nursing care is the main factor in patient satisfaction during the hospital stay. This study aimed to evaluate common tools used to measure caring behaviors.

In this systematic review, 1090 articles published in English and Persian in 1981-2020 from the databases of PubMed (MEDE), CINAHL, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science, and other related databases (Google Scholar, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Irandoc). The above literature search was conducted using the keywords of "Caring behavior," "Tool," "Scale, ""Measure," "Inventory," and "Questionnaire," as well as the operators "AND" and "OR." All searched articles were entered into the ENDNOTE software version X5 (Thomson Reuters, USA) to remove duplicate articles. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed.

Based on the keywords, 1090 articles were included in this study. Then, the abstracts were reviewed, and in several stages, duplicate and unrelated articles were removed from the study. Finally, 53 articles were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. In these articles, 11 different tools were used to measure caring behaviors.

Proper caring behaviors can improve patients' satisfaction with nursing services. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate nurses' caring behaviors with standard and valid tools, while new and standard tools for measuring these behaviors have not been psychometrically tested in Iran, and this seems necessary.

Due to the significance of the side effects of fear of COVID-19, a high-quality and intercultural instrument is helpful to understand the outcomes of health at the global level. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychometrics of the fear of COVID-19 scale in a larger population than in previous studies using reliable and valid psychometric indexes. The present study was conducted with a cross-sectional design using convenience sampling during the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Iran. Data were collected online through social networks among the general Iranian population (926 people). Construct validation was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the construct reliability, composite reliability and internal consistency were used. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a one-factor structure which accounted for 53.69% of the total variance of fear of COVID-19 in the general Iranian population. Confirmatory factor analysis fit indices confirmed the first-order model. As such, the coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha, Omega McDonald, AIC, H index, and CR confirmed the internal consistency of the overall scale (>0.77). Moreover, the extracted factor had good d convergent validity. Psychometrics of the fear of COVID-19 scale at the peak of the COVID outbreak (the fifth wave) showed evidence of reliability and validity in the general population. Therefore, this scale is reliable and is recommended to examine people's fears at different times and during severe crises.

Evaluating the state of health financing of countries helps to check the efficiency of the health system and the optimal use of the limited resources of their health system. This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing health financing evaluation tools and the functional area of each of them so that more effective and efficient reforms can be applied in the path of achieving universal health coverage.

This study was a systematic review that used Scopus and PubMed databases and World Health Organization and World Bank databases to find tools and articles related to health financing evaluation. Articles and tools published in English have been reviewed without time limit. Data analysis was done by content analysis method.

A total of 35 articles and 9 tools were included in the study. After a complete review, finally, 6 tools (national health accounts, health system assessment approach, health sector situation analysis, organizational assessment to improve and strengthen health financing, health system review, health financing progress matrix) were analyzed. And all of them were examined from 9 dimensions of health financing assessment.

In this study, the evaluation tools of health system financing were identified and their characteristics were stated. Among the health financing evaluation tools during the last few decades, the health financing progress matrix can provide a more complete and comprehensive road map to identify the dimensions and performance of the health system financing area in the path of achieving universal health coverage.

One of the biggest challenges of the health systems in the 21st century is the increasing burden of chronic diseases. To address this challenge, many developed countries have begun to adopt self-management education programs. There are various tools for measuring the effectiveness of these programs in patients with chronic diseases. Some of these tools are designed to measure self-management in a particular disease, while some tools are used generally for a wide range of chronic diseases. This study aim to review the general tools used for measuring self-management in chronic diseases.

This is a narrative review. To find the studies used the tools for assessing self-management, a searched in online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on related studies published from 2000 to 2020.

The general tools available for assessing self-management in chronic diseases were: Self-Management Screening (SeMaS) Scale, Self-Management Ability Scale (SMAS), Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS), Partners in Health Scale (PIH), and Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ).

There are various general tools for self-management evaluation in chronic diseases. It is necessary to select the appropriate tool based on the goals.

The use of standard tools can show the exact effects of interventions in children and adolescents with visual impairment (CYP-VI). However, to date, no comprehensive review study has evaluated the general characteristics and psychometrics of the instruments used in CYP-VI. Therefore, the present study investigated the psychometric properties of the tools used for CYP-VI.

Databases of Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iran Medex, Magiran, National Library of Iran (INL) and Google Scholar were searched using Persian and English keywords until 2021. The studies and tools used in CYP-VI were reviewed by two people in terms of inclusion criteria. Relevant information and quality assessment of the tools were checked with the adapted Casmin checklist (COSMIN) and Critical Review Form – Quantitative Studies. Psychometric properties of the studied instruments in the narrative categories were analyzed with face, content, criterion-dependent and reliability with internal and external reliability subgroups.

Out of 1738 articles found, 39 studies were analyzed. Out of 39 articles, 26 were of high quality and others were of medium level. Study design included tool development/cultural adaptation, experimental, longitudinal or cross-sectional studies. Assessments were categorized into developmental (general skills, cognitive and social skills), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Quality of Life (QoL) and Functional Vision (FV). Among the developmental tools; Only Decker intelligence test, vision related quality of life, Cardiff visual acuity questionnaire for children, first and second versions of LV Prasad functional vision questionnaire and functional vision questionnaire for children and young people with desirable psychometric properties have been reported. In relation to adaptive instruments, the changes made included the use of auditory, tactile, olfactory and motor aids, vocabulary changes, instrumental methods and the use of assistive devices, only a few of which reported psychometric properties.

This review study shows that limited tools have been designed for CYP-VI whose validity and reliability have not been fully evaluated and reported. However, to improve the quality of studies and control systematic errors, we need standard tools.

Ageism and ageist behaviors can significantly affect health care. Medical professionals should offer health care to all patients equally and patients should not be discriminated under any positions based on sex, nationality, sexual identity, or age.This study aimed to investigate the development and psychometric properties of self-directed and other-directed ageism scale in care settings.

This research is an exploratory sequential mixed method study.This study was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The qualitative phase of the research was conducted using directed content analysis based on Sao Jose's theory. 20 hospital caregivers were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Hesie and Shannon content analysis method. The quantitative stage of the study was conducted for instrument psychometric. Psychometric properties of the scale also investigated using face validity and content validity, construct validity and reliability by internal consistency and consistency.

95 items were obtained from the analysis of qualitative section .  After calculating the item impact index, 23 items were removed.  In the assessing of content validity ratio and content validity index 27 and in the initial analysis by loop method two items were removed.The result of exploratory factor analysis was two factors: "self-directed ageism" and "other-directed ageism". Which all togheter could explaian 41.373 of the variance. The final scale after the psychometric measures had a content validity ratio of 0.62, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.90 and intra-class correlation of 0.98.

 The analysis of research data showed that the designed scale has acceptable validity and reliability. Therefore this scale can be used to measure ageism in care settings and lead to the development of knowledge in relation to this phenomenon.

The aim of this study was to translate and psychometrics the Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Efficacy Scale.

A standard forward-backward translation method was used to develop the Persian version of the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy scale. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 400 women. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and also internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS24 and lisrel 8.8 software.

The range of calculated CVR and CVI of scale items was (0.92-1.00) and (0.92-1.00) impact score of all items was more than 1.5. The range of Cronbach's alpha and ICC were calculated for the reliability of scale items respectively (0.66 – 0.85) and (0.846- 0.977). The three factors of "Confidence in controlling tangible barriers of Pap Smear test ", "Confidence in following Pap Smear test Instructions" and "Confidence in controlling intangible barriers of PAPS". In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these factors explained 58.29%of the self-efficacy in performing Pap Smear test. These factors confirmed by CFA (X2/df =3.3, CFI=0.91, GFI= 0.96, RMESA=0.081).

  Psychometric of Persian version of the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy scale with 8 items and 3 domains has proper validity and reliability to evaluate the cervical cancer screening self-efficacy in females.

Diabetes Type II is a chronic metabolic disorder rising its prevalence worldwide. Self-care is the most important management strategy to control the disorder and its adverse effects. The aim of this study was to design and validate an assessment tool to determine the level of self-care of patients affected by Diabetes type II.

This study was a cross-sectional study. To conduct this study, based on reviewing the texts and reviewing the existing questionnaires, the proposed items were prepared and by eliminating and integrating similar items into a questionnaire in 4 areas related to diet, blood sugar monitoring, Physical activity, drug use was designed with 15 questions. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the endocrinology clinic completed a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity (CVR). Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the age of the studied units was 52.4±12.51 years, of which 50% were female and the other 50% were male. 56% of them had type 2 diabetes for less than 5 years. Also, people with higher education had relatively better metabolic control in diabetes management and patients ‘answer to question 6 had the highest mean, which shows patients’ attention to blood sugar control. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all questions was 0.773, with the omission of question 9, it was increased to 0.796. Only two validity questions were 0.66 and 0.16 which were excluded from the test. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for each question.

The results of this study showed that the questionnaire has the necessary validity and reliability. With this tool, appropriate advice can be provided to patients with type 2 diabetes in the field of self-care, including diet, medication, physical activity and blood sugar control to prevent the progression of the disease and its complications.

Couples' communication interactions in the context of social networks have been challenged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the consequences of virtual social media on marital life by factor analysis.

This tool is a qualitative methodology based on the exploration of views and perceptions of married men and women about the consequences of virtual social networks on married life. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) in 700 married individuals. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method (calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient) and internal correlation (calculation of Cronbach-alpha coefficient). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS24 and AMOS24 software.

The initial instrument consisted of 20 items from a qualitative study, which after psychometrics, 4 items were removed and 12 items remained. The range of values calculated for the ratio and content validity index of the items were (0.83-1) and (0.66-1), respectively, and the impact score of all of them was higher than 1.5. The Intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire were obtained at 0.864 and 785, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis were four factors: "Threat of marital commitment", “individualization of cohabitation”,” Threat to privacy” and “Faded intimacy”. In confirmatory factor analysis the fitted model based on these four factors explained 43.75% of the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyle.

Psychometric results in this study showed that a tool with 20- iteme and 4 domains for measuring the consequences of social media presence on couples' lifestyles has good validity and reliability and it can be used as a suitable tool in this field.

This study aimed to review Persian biomedical literature on psychometric properties of health literacy measures in Iran.

The Scientific Information Database (SID) and Google Scholar were searched using the keyword ‘health literacy’ in the titles of the articles. First, duplicate articles were removed from the search list. Then, articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Finally, information about the health literacy measures including development or psychometric evaluation in Persian literature were extracted and presented in relevant tables.

In all, 600 articles were identified. After excluding duplicates and papers that did not meet inclusion criteria, 26 articles were included in the review. Of these, 17 articles reported on the development of a health literacy measure. These measures assessed health literacy among general populations, specific populations, or specific topics. The remaining nine articles reported translation and psychometric properties of a number of known measures, including the TOFHLA, the STOHFLA, the NVS, the FCCHL, the OHLI, the MHLAP, the RELAM, and the Health Literacy Scale for Women of Reproductive Age.

The results indicated that the development of a new health literacy measure was more prevalent among Iranian investigators instead of using existing measures. In addition, improper reporting on the development and psychometric evaluation of measures was evident.

Clinical education and providing feedback are the most important criteria of vocational education in order to consolidate students' learning. Since evaluation of clinical teaching environment with using a suitable tool plays an important role in enhancing students' motivation and learning, so this study aimed to provide a localized tool for examining feedback environment in clinical field in medical assistant students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This cross-sectional instrumental study was conducted in two phases in the academic year of 2017- 2018. Firstly, the Stellman et al. Feedback Environment Scale tool which was developed for the work environment, and was the theoretical basis of this study was translated into Persian through the "forwardbackward" method. Secondly, the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed quantitatively [content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) and qualitatively, the face validity of the questionnaire was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods, and reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha; then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software.

All the questions in the questionnaire were within acceptable range in terms of quantitative content validity index (CVR and CVI) and quantitative face validity [impact score (IS)], and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this study was 0.861.

The findings showed that the Persian and localized version of the Stilman et al. questionnaire had good validity and reliability, and could be used for evaluating feedback environment in clinical practice among medical assistant students

Since cultural competency is an important issue for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the cultural competency for medical graduates.

first an item pool was s generated. Then the content and face validity was assessed by a panel of 15 experts familiar with clinical education and cultural competence. The structural validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the information obtained from 542 medical students working in medical centers in Tehran by exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by examining internal consistency. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.

Out of 103 items generated after content validity 64 items remained. The structural validity of the questionnaire as assessed by the exploratory factor analysis led to removing 14 items. The final version of the questionnaire contained 50 items tapping into 8 factors that jointly explained 53.45% of variance observed. The Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.96 and for the 8 factors ranged from 0.88 to 0.89.

The findings suggest that the Medical Science Graduateschr('39') Cultural Competency Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure that can be used as an instrument to assess the cultural competency of medical students.

Health insurance literacy is a fledgling concept that emerged largely after the Obama Care law in the United States. This study, through a narrative approach and by examining related literature, discusses various aspects of this concept and the definitional and instrumentation requirements in this field for other countries, including Iran. What is certain, given the substantial differences in the US health insurance system with other countries, any use of this concept and its operationalization requires the redefinition of a native and applicable insurance system and an effort to understand its operation to complement coverage. It has health insurance.

Considering the problem of pain expression by the elderly with dementia, assessment and determination of its severity in this group require an appropriate scale. The present study was conducted with the aim of translation and psychometric evaluation of the Abbey Pain Scale (APS) in Iranian elderly with dementia.

In this cross-sectional study of psychometric evaluation of scale, after translating and assessing the face and content validity of APS, 100 eligible elderly were selected by convenience sampling in Kashan, 2018-19. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, known-groups approach, and convergent validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency, equivalence, and stability. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

 The scale content validity index was 0.95%, and the item impact of each item was above 1.5. Factor analysis identified a single-factor in APS that was able to explain 68.745% of the total variance of scale score. This scale was able to differentiate between scores during two resting positions and movement protocol, and between two groups with known painful diseases and non-diseased (p<0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between scores of the Persian version of APS and PACSLAC-II-IR (r=0.877, p<0.0001). Cronbach's alpha, ICC, and standard error of measurement of the scale were calculated 0.927, 0.926, and ±1.191, respectively.

 The Persian version of APS can be used as a valid and reliable scale for assessing pain in the elderly with dementia in Iran.