جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ترس از حرکت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the injuries that can permanently end the professional courier of an athlete. Almost half of athletes cannot return to their competitive levels before injury, even after successful rehabilitation. For this reason, there is another factor besides physical factors in not returning to sports practice, which in most studies is attributed to psychological factors. Fear of re-injury and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) are factors that prevent athletes from returning to sports activities after the reconstruction of the ACL. Many studies have examined the psychological factors after reconstruction and injury of the ACL. However, no study has so far examined and concluded about kinesiophobia after ACL reconstruction. 

 In this study, we searched published studies from 2000 to 2020 examining the effect of kinesiophobia on return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In this study, we searched the relevant articles considering specialized English and Persian keywords, including «fear of movement,» «fear of re-injury,» «kinesiophobia,» «psychological factors of exercise,» «return to sport,» and «anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction» in academic Persian and English databases: Google Scholar, TRIP, PEDro, PubMed, Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. 

 After the search, 162 articles were initially found. After reviewing the abstracts, 57 articles were remained. Then, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were finally selected for inclusion in this study. 

 According to research findings, fear of movement and fear of re-injury in athletes after ACL reconstruction can delay their return to sports activities. This setback can reduce the quality of life and participation in sports and recreational games and causes depression and stress. Different rehabilitation approaches are highly effective in gaining various results after the reconstruction of ACL. Because physical and psychological improvement do not advance in parallel, it seems necessary to establish a new approach in sports rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.

Low Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that causes many symptoms, including kinesiophobia and weakness in postural control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of barre au sol exercises and core stability training at home on kinesiophobia and postural control of women with chronic non-specific low back pain.

This research was a quasi-experimental study that was performed in two phases of pre-test and post-test. In this study, 36 women suffering from non-specific chronic back pain were randomly divided into three groups of 12 people with barre au sol exercises, core stability training and control. The experimental groups performed barre au sol and core stability training for eight weeks. Kinesiophobia was evaluated by Tampa Scale and postural control by Y balance test and balance error scoring system.

The results of this research showed that both barre au sol and core stability exercises groups had significantly less kinesiophobia, less error in balance error scoring system test and better performance in all three directions of the Y balance test than the control group in the post-test, but there was no significant difference between the two training groups (P>0.05). But no significant difference was seen in any of the research variables in the post-test between the two exercise groups (P>0.05).

The results of this study showed, both types of core stability and barre au sol exercises can be used to improve kinesiophobia, static and dynamic balance in women with non-specific chronic back pain.

Non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common types of LBPs. Due to the complexity of the injury mechanism in this condition, combined interventions and treatments have been suggested. People’s attitudes towards pain and the interaction between biological characteristics of people and social/psychological factors should be considered. Due to the high cost of face-to-face therapy and the difficulty of access to subjects, recent studies have used online methods. So far, the effectiveness of online interventions in the treatment of chronic LBP has not been studied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of an online cognitive-motor control training program on pain and its related psychological factors in people with non-specific chronic LBP.

This is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 44 female and male patients with non-specific chronic LBP aged 25-55 years, selected from the physiotherapy clinics in Tehran and Karaj provinces of Iran based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly divided into two groups of 22 including training and control. The intervention was provided at 18 sessions for 12 weeks. Pain and its related psychological factors were assessed by the visual analog scale, fear-avoidance belief questionnaire, and pain self-efficacy questionnaire. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and paired t-test were used. The significance level was set at 0.05.

There was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the training group in pain, pain self-efficacy, avoidance of physical activity, and avoidance of work (P<0.001). In the control group, no significant difference was reported in these variables between the pre-test and post-test scores.

The online cognitive-motor control training program can relieve pain and improve the pain-related psychological factors of people with non-specific chronic LBP. It can be used for this purpose in these people.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between pain intensity and self-efficacy with fear of movement with the mediation of pain catastrophizing and psychological distress in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The statistical population of this study included women with rheumatism referred to the rheumatology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Sari city. 224 participants were selected as a sample using the available and purposeful sampling method and answered the questions of Tempa fear of movement scale (Corey et al., 1990), brief pain intensity questionnaire (Cleland, 1991), pain self-efficacy questionnaire ( Nicholas, 1989), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995) and the Psychological Distress Scale (Laviband & Laviband, 1995). Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that pain intensity has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.32); Self-efficacy has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.42); Pain catastrophizing has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.74); Psychological distress has a direct effect on fear of movement (p<0.05, β=0.78). As a result, the model of fear of movement based on pain intensity and self-efficacy is suitable with the mediation of pain catastrophizing and psychological distress in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The findings of this study prove the importance of psychological interventions in reducing physical symptoms in chronic diseases.

Visual impairment is accompanied by side effects and problems that can affect the person’s mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to scan the studies on the effects of sensory-motor rehabilitation and space-perception with a focus on parent-child interaction and fear of movement in children with visual impairment.

The analysis of data in this project was done by the synthetic scan. The methodology was based on gathering, classifying, and summarizing data in studies on sensory-motor rehabilitation and space-perception with a focus on mother-child interaction and fear of motion in children with a visual impairment from 2007 to 2021 in articles found on databases, such as Eric, Ebsco, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Ensani, IranDoc, and Noormags with searching keywords, such as sensory-motor rehabilitation, space-perception, fear of movement, and children with visual impairment. In the primary search, 72 articles were chosen and then, 15 articles were chosen from them based on their title being sensory-motor rehabilitation and space- perception in children with visual impairment. 

The results showed that this treatment is suitable for decreasing motion fear in children with visual impairment. Also, sensory-motor rehabilitation and space-perception can improve motion fear factors, such as motivation, parent-child relationship, physical awareness, imitating others’ behavior, and orientation and mobility skills..

By evaluating studies, it is figured that sensory-motor rehabilitation and space-perception with a focus on mother-child interaction is one of the supplementary treatments for children with visual impairment and will eventually decrease motion fear in children so that they can commute independently.

Neck pain is one of the most common problems in human societies. There are many factors involved in the etiology of neck pain, and cognitive problems related to pain are among the most important factors involved for non-specific neck pain. ‎The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of functional cognitive training on the pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with non-specific chronic neck pain.

The present study was a clinical trial study with one intervention group and one control group. In this clinical trial study, 24 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into two ‎groups of Cognitive Functional Exercise (n=12) and Control (n=12). ‎‎ The variables of pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia ‎ were evaluated before and immediately after six weeks of cognitive exercises by Visual Analog Scale, neck disability questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, respectively. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and paired t-test. ‎

Comparing the two groups after treatment, there was a significant difference in pain intensity (P = 0.001), disability index (P = 0.001) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (P = 0.001) was observed, so that in the intervention group in all factors a significant decrease was observed. Also, the results of the T-pair test showed that there is a significant difference in the group of intervention before and after the test in all variables (P = 0.001). But there was no significant difference for the control group.

The findings showed that the intervention of functional cognitive exercises improves pain, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with chronic neck pain, so it is suggested that functional cognitive exercises can be used as a complementary method in improving individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain.

People respond to chronic pain in various ways and pain adjustment is not the same in different individuals. The aim of the current study is the assessment of the level of chronic pain adjustment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients based on the quality of life, physical disability, and the level of their depression. In addition, the role of three variables, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and self-efficacy in a relationship with chronic pain adjustment was assessed.

In this cross-sectional study, 123 RA patients who had chronic pain and were over 18 years old were included. Patients were attending the outpatient rheumatology clinic, Shariati Hospital from May 2017 until May 2018. Patients were assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Physical Disability Questionnaire (PDQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression methods.

Our results showed that there is an association between self-efficacy, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing with chronic pain adjustment (P<0.01). According to the multiple linear regression analysis, fear of movement and pain catastrophizing are in a correlation with the physical disability. The finding demonstrated that self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing variables influence the patient’s depression. In addition, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and self-efficacy influenced the patient’s physical and mental quality of life.

The relationship between pain and physical disability and other aspects of chronic pain adjustment are adjusted by pain beleifs and pain coping strategies.

Back pain is one of the most common health problems. Dysfunctions and inability due to pain, make serious troubles for patient, the family and the society. If the treatments have not been effective, the damages would increase. The main goal of this study was to investigate effects of psychological factors on feedback to pain and its treatment in patients with chronic back pain. In this descriptive study, 120 patients participated with chronic back pain who underwent the surgery. According to the criteria of the study, the participants has been referred from private specialized clinic in Dezful,. The Illness Attitude (IA) Scale, Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-DV), and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) applied for assessing the variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression coefficients showed that fear of death 11%, and Kinesiophobia 15% predict the response to pain and its treatment. Also, extroversion predicts 11%, openness 3%, and agreement ability 3% of response to treatment. Findings of the research showed that the feedback to treatment (such as frequency to refer different practitioners) and pain would increas when the patient with chronic pain tends to accept, and the treatments are less effective when the patient experiences avoidable behaviors.

One of the most common sport injuries is Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture. Despite high amounts of expentiduture on ACL reconstruction, the rate of return to Pre-Injury Level (RTP) is low. One of the hindrances to RTP is fear of movement/re-injury (kinesiophobia) in the patients. The purpose of the present study was to measure kinesiophobia levels before and after doing functional tests in ACL deficient (ACLD) patients and to compare it with those of the healthy participants.
A cross-sectional research was carried out on 16 ACLD patients with injury during the past 3 months to 2 years who had taken physical therapy treatment and 16 healthy participants. Cross over hop, six-meter timed hop score indexes, and kinesiophobia scores were compiled. Patients (n=16) were randomly divided into two groups: one group (n=8) took the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) questionnaire before functional tests (group one) and the other (n=8) took and filled it after functional tests (group two). TSK-17 was used to measure kinesiophobia. An analysis of variance was run to compare TSK-17 and other clinical measures between groups.
Comparison of kinesiophobia level between groups one and two showed a significant difference (p=0/004). However, no statistically significant difference was found between group control and group two. Scores of functional tests between the three groups revealed no significant differences either. In addition, no significant difference was found between activity level and injury time past between the two groups of patients.
It can be cocluded that doing functional tests by ACLD patients could be effective to decrease kinesiophobia as an important hinderance to return to pre-injury level. It seems that this reduction is the result of patient’s more recognition of her/his abilities and functional status.

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy techniques in reducing catastrophizing, fear of movement, pain disability, and pain intensity in musculoskeletal chronic pain sufferers.
This study is a single subject investigation based on multiple baseline design which is one of quasi-experimental research design. The participants were two women patients suffering chronic back pain who were selected through purposive non-random sampling method from among clients of Pain Clinic of Tabriz, based on pain specialist diagnosis, clinical interview and screening tools. The protocol was conducted in 12, 60-minute session on. Also 2 baseline sessions and 1, 1-month follow up session was done. Catastrophizing, fear of movement, pain disability and pain intensity questionnaires were filled by subjects in 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 14th baseline sessions and the follow up session. Treatment results were investigated through visual inspection method.
According to results Dialectical Behavior Therapy was effective in reducing catastrophizing, fear of movement, pain disability and pain intensity. Also these effects were maintained in patients to a large extent in the follow up session.
Psychological as well as medical treatment can be helpful in the patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

The current study aimed to investigate the role of catastrophizing as mediator variable in the relationship of neuroticism and extraversion with fear of movement and pain intensity in patients with musculoskeletal pain.
This study was conducted on 200 subjects who were selected through purposive sampling from among the clients of Shohada, Emam Hossein, and Sina Hospitals in Tehran, Iran, and the Pain Clinic in Tabriz, Iran. The subjects completed the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Visual analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using LISREL software through path analysis method.
Among the personality traits, neuroticism had a positive impact on catastrophizing, and thus, caused fear of movement and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. However, extraversion and openness to experience with a negative impact on catastrophizing caused a reduction in fear of movement and pain intensity.
Based on the results of this study, neuroticism, through decreasing the pain threshold, causes catastrophizing and results in higher degrees of fear of movement and pain intensity. Nevertheless, extraversion (through increasing the pain threshold, and thus, decreases sensitivity to physical and sensory stimuli) and openness to experiences (due to high flexibility in the face of new experiences) have negative effects on catastrophizing.

Therapeutic exercises are regarded as one of most important therapeutic interventions for patients with chronic low back pain. Stabilization exercises are among the most practical ones for these patients. Effects of these exercises on psychological factors associated with pain and consequential functional disabilities are still remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of stabilization exercises on fear of pain, movement and disability in patients with low back pain. Twenty one patients with recurrent non-specific low back pain (14 in experimental, 7 in control group) were participated in this study. The scores for fear of pain, fear of movement and disability were recorded in the questionnaires. The experimental group performed isolated abdominal hollowing and bracing exercises in three sets of ten for each with two minutes rest between each repeat. Patients performed exercises with the use of pressure biofeedback and under the supervision of a physiotherapist in different positions including supine, sitting on a chair, standing still and standing with rapid arm raises with maximum acceleration once a day and for 20 sessions. The variables studied in this research were evaluated in both experimental and control groups after training sessions. Performing the stabilization exercises did not affect the fear-avoidance belief (P >0.05), while decreased the disability associated with back pain (P=0.01). This study showed that the psychological fears associated with pain in patients with recurrent non-specific low back pain, which also leads to continuity of back pain cannot be alleviated by performing stabilization exercises.

Chronic pain is a common problem in health that can lead to disability، in case it gets chronic. On the other hand، recent studies have emphasized that the context of the patient''s family and the people who live with this patients are affected by this condition. This family interaction patterns affect the quality and life style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between disability and fear of movement as a predictor variables with family functioning in musculoskeletal patients with chronic pain. To this end، through a descriptive study، correlational type، 82 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were selected from available samples. They were evaluated in terms of intensity of pain، disability، fear of movement and family functioning. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated weakness and fear of movement significantly predict the functioning of the family. Also، there is a significant difference between intensity of pain and disability and fear of movement in patients. It seems having chronic pain involves family system over time and becomes part of the disease. This study emphasizes on the importance of systematic approach in the study of pain based on the fact that individual and interpersonal variables have a significant mediator and moderator role in explaining the consequences of pain.

To investigate and review psychological influences of pain such as kinesiophobia and pain-related fear on patients with musculoskeletal pain and on rehabilitation outcomes. Fear is a universal and powerful emotion and، as a result، it can have a profound impact on human behavior. the fear-motivated behavior has the potential to adversely impact rehabilitation outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pain. cross-sectional studies consistently documented a positive association between elevated pain-related fear and increased pain intensity and disability. in addition، several longitudinal studies indicated that elevated pain-related fear is a precursor to poor clinical outcomes. existence of catastrophizing in patients effect on the fear of movement/ (re) injury. this fear contributes to avoidance behaviors and subsequent disuse، depression، and disability. it has been established that kinesiophobia plays a negative role in the outcome of the rehabilitation of acute and chronic low back pain، chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. collectively، the recent studies suggest that physical therapists should consider the role of pain-related fear and avoidance behaviors in patients'' function and they should assess these cognitive and behavioral factors. or (physical therapists should assess pain-related fear when rehabilitating certain individuals with musculoskeletal pain.) currently، there is a lot of evidence for the assessment of pain-related fear in patients with musculoskeletal pain. self-report questionnaires are readily available for assessment and investigation of pain-related fear and several studies have found support for their validity and reliability. recent research indicated that besides fear-avoidance responses، endurance-related responses lead to chronic pain via physical overload. the existence of mental kinesiophobia has been established in patients with chronic stress complaints، and this concept is as relevant as the concept of kinesiophobia for back pain patients. For certain patients، fear of pain can be as disabling as pain itself. in conclusion، collaborative efforts are necessary to refine current screening techniques and develop interventions that effectively reduce pain-related fear.

There is growing evidence for the idea that fear of movement may be as disabling as pain intensity in chronic low back pain patients (CLBP). The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the relation between fear of movement and pain intensity with physical disability in chronic low back pain patients and the role of pain duration, gender and age differences in these relations. In this analytical and cross-sectional study, 194 patients with chronic low back pain for more than three months, referred to seven rehabilitation clinics in Rasht city during four months, were selected consecutively. Data were collected by Numerical Rating Scale, Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Demographic questionnaire and analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multi Regression. Significant correlations were found between physical disability with fear of movement, pain intensity and age (P<0.001) and also pain duration (P=0.036). These relations were not different between males and females. In first Regression model, fear of movement and pain intensity, were the strongest predictors of physical disability. No differences were found between these factors. Then, prediction model was prepared adding age, sex and pain duration. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the fear of movement and pain intensity were superior in predicting disability. Among demographic variables, only the Beta Coefficient for age was significant in predicting disability (P=0.002). Fear of movement, pain intensity and age are important factors influencing physical disability in individuals suffering a chronic low back pain. Thus, for minimizing physical disability, alone with reducing pain intensity, patients showing fear of movement can be offered interventions that focus on reduction of the fear.

One of the main factor sinfluencing chronicity and disability in low back pain is pain related fear and fear of movement. It was shown that fear of pain is more disabling than the pain itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia – Iranian version (TSK-IV) which is one of the most common instruments for measuring fear of movement and reinjury. In this descriptive and methodologic study which is a tool making and validity testing research, 232 low back pain patients were selected simply from some hospitals and clinics in Tehran. Among these patients 61 patients, participated for retest after seven days. To evaluate psychometric properties of TSK–IV, internal consistency, item-total correlation, test-retest reliability and construct validity were measured. The tools which were used included TSK to measure fear of movement, VAS for measuring pain intensity, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaires (FABQ) for measuring the physical activity and work related fear and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to measure perceived disability were used. TSK-Iranian version yielded acceptable values for internal consistency. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.796 in 17 items of TSK. Item-total correlation was in acceptable range except for four items. ICC between the first test and retest was 0.86. There was a moderate correlation between TSK and FABQ-PA and FABQ-W respectively 0.59 and 0.32. TSK and disability measure using RMDQ correlated (r=0.60) moderately. The Iranian version of TSK is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring fear of movement and injury in low back pain patients, similarly to its original English version. This instrument can be used in clinical environment and also for research purposes.