جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رژیم غذایی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Prediabetes (Pre-DM), an intermediate dysglycemia characterized by isolated impaired fasting glycemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), or combined IFG-IGT, affects about 30% of middle-aged adults. Pre-DM increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, and death. Little is known about the possible factors affecting the likelihood of Pre-DM regression/progression. This study aimed to review the current evidence obtained from observational studies and clinical trials investigating the association of dietary factors with either the progression of Pre-DM to T2D or its regression to normoglycemia. Observational studies’ findings imply the protective effects of dairy products, fruits, and vegetables and adherence to healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet and those with a low-glycemic index (GI) against Pre-DM progression, favoring its regression to normoglycemia. The findings of clinical trials indicate that compared to common therapeutic approaches, lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications and adherence to healthy dietary patterns, have similar/superior significant and sustained effectiveness in delaying or preventing Pre-DM progression. Dietary modifications focusing on restricted energy intake aiming to favor at least a 5% body weight (BW) loss or maintain the ideal BW, diets with higher protein and fiber content, and adherence to low-GI and Mediterranean diets may increase the chance of Pre-DM regression and returning to normoglycemia.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide. Diet as a modifiable factor for the prevention and treatment of this disease has received much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diet quality index (DQI) and components of metabolic syndrome in adults.

This nested cross-sectional study was conducted on 4227 male and female adults aged 35-70 years participating in the control cohort study in Yazd, Iran. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. The DQI was calculated using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric indices [height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)], blood pressure (BP), and biochemical markers were measured and evaluated in all subjects.

DQI had no significant relationship with the components of metabolic syndrome, including high triglycerides (TGs), high WC, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high BP.

DQI does not have a significant relationship with the components of metabolic syndrome. It is suggested that other study designs, such as clinical trials or cohort studies, be used for future research.

Considering that dental caries is one of the most important health problems in the world and considering the role of nutrition in this disease, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of dietary patterns on dental caries.

The current study is a systematic review that was conducted by searching in PubMed, Web of science and Scopus databases. The keywords "diet", "dietary pattern", and "Dental Caries" were used. The search was conducted in the time range of 2000-2023 and all types of original studies including cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included.

In total, 548 articles were examined, and after screening and checking the title, abstract and full text of the articles, 11 studies were included in the present study. The results indicate the effect of different dietary patterns, including the sweet dietary patterns, snacks and high energy-dense foods patterns on dental caries.

Avoiding sweet dietary patterns and patterns rich in high energy-dense foods is effective in preventing dental caries.

Understanding the affecting factors on healthy dietary choices in children and adolescents is within the significant challenges in the public health domain. Regarding substantial effects of appropriate nutrition during childhood and adolescence on growth and development, these challenges include an exceptional importance. This study was carried out with a social marketing approach to investigate relationships between the social marketing theories and dietary consumption patterns in children and adolescents.

This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive consistent search was carried out in three databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to April 2023. Only English-language articles were reviewed. To prevent omission of relevant studies, manual searches were carried out for the reference lists of studies and associated reviews. A total of 247 articles were reviewed.

This study identified ten intervention articles of experimental and quasi-experimental nature, using a social marketing approach in the domain of food choice in children and adolescents. These studies were carried out in various regions and countries worldwide. The reviewed studies indicated that social marketing strategies included positive effects on eating behaviors, health, physical activities and children's preferences. Television advertisements have shown negative effects on dietary behaviors and health, whereas school-based nutrition education programs and social marketing initiatives included the potentials to improve children's dietary habits.

Based on the findings of the present study, use of social marketing techniques can increase physical activities and contribute to promoting healthier food choices and well-being. Additionally, cartoon characters in marketing include positive effects on children's dietary preferences. Therefore, use of this model is recommended for the enhancement of health-oriented activities.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. The best way to control T1D is to control blood sugar levels and change lifestyle, including proper diet and physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and diet alone on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose in patients with T1D.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for English articles published until October 2022. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of exercise and diet, alone, on HbA1c and fasting glucose in patients with T1D. Standardized mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random effect model.

The results of 14 studies with 637 boys and girls with T1D showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in HbA1c (P = 0.03, SMD = -0.55) in T1D patients compared to the control group. However, exercise did not significantly reduce fasting glucose (P = 0.07, WMD = -28.14 mg/dL) in T1D patients compared to the control group. Also, the diet did not significantly reduce HbA1c (SMD-0.04, P = 0.6) and fasting glucose (WMD-18.52 mg/dL, P = 0.1) in patients with T1D compared to the control group.

The present study shows that exercise training is suggested as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce HbA1c for T1D patients. According to the results of the present meta-analysis, the most appropriate exercise method to reduce HbA1c is combined exercise. However, diet alone does not affect HbA1c in patients with T1D.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality globally, with a significant prevalence in developing countries and the Middle East. Dietary patterns play a crucial role in the prevention and management of CVD. This narrative review focuses on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and its impact on cardiovascular health.

A comprehensive review of literature published between 2021 and 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Key terms included "heart disease," "CVD," "MIND diet," and "Mediterranean-DASH diet for Neurodegenerative Delay." Studies addressing the effect of the MIND diet on CVD, comprising cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies, were included.

The MIND diet, rich in plant-based foods, unsaturated fats from olive oil, and low in red meat and dairy, shows a significant inverse relationship with CVD risk factors. Specific components like whole grains, legumes, berries, and nuts were associated with reduced body weight, lower CRP levels, and improved cardiovascular markers. Contrasting results in some studies highlight the complexity of dietary influences on heart health.

The MIND diet presents a viable dietary strategy for reducing cardiovascular risks, with implications for clinical practice and public health policy. However, future research, particularly randomized controlled trials, must establish causality and further explore the diet's efficacy across diverse populations.

The prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents has increased greatly, and it is considered one of the most important health issues in society. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combined intervention program with the approach of nutrition education and physical activities for the prevention and treatment of obesity and overweight in students of Kermanshah, Iran.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 1000 students from schools in Kermanshah city were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received nutritional education based on consuming low-calorie foods and increasing physical activities in schools for one academic year. The control group received the standard recommendations to make lifestyle modifications. The data before and after the intervention in two groups were analyzed with paired t-tests and ANCOVA.

After the intervention, energy intake, carbohydrates, and fat significantly decreased in the intervention group. After the intervention, the weight and waist size of the students in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group. In the intervention group, physical activity, nutritional awareness, and nutritional attitude increased significantly after the intervention. In the control group, there was no significant change in weight, energy, physical activity, and nutritional awareness at the end of the study.

The combined intervention program with the approach of nutrition education and physical activity can be used as an effective approach in the prevention and treatment of obesity and overweight in students.

Consuming high-fat diet causes obesity and can play a role in increasing free radicals and reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant defense may lead to liver tissue damage. This study evaluates the effects high intensity interval training (HIIT) on alteration of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats fed with high-fat diet.

In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control fed with normal diet (n=7), control fed with high-fat diet (n=7), and fed with high-fat diet+ HIIT (n=7). The animals of all three groups were fed with their own diet for 23 weeks. The training group while receiving a high-fat diet, in the final 8 weeks performed the HIIT protocol three times a week. At the end of the intervention, SOD and GPX enzymes in liver tissue were assessed by enzyme colorimetric method.

The results showed that liver GPX enzyme levels in the fed with high-fat diet+ HIIT group increased significantly compared to the control fed with normal diet (P=0.003) and control fed with high-fat diet (P=0.001), but hepatic SOD enzyme levels did not change significantly in the three groups (P=0.153).

The findings of this study imply that, HIIT presents an antioxidant stress effect on liver tissue in the rats fed with high-fat diet.

Telomere length is a biological marker of the aging process. It seems that longer telomeres are associated with healthy diets, including a low intake of processed meats and a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. The present study aims to investigate the effect of dietary patterns on telomere length. 

This is a systematic review study. Related articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Selection methods for study: The quality assessment of articles was done using the Cochrane library guidelines by two researchers separately.  

Five studies were eligible for the review. They all had a cross-sectional design. Only one study reported a negative relationship between the intake of nuts and seeds and telomere length. 

Only a few studies have reported the significant relationship of dietary patterns with telomere length. Considering that scant research has been conducted in this field, more studies are recommended.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis require a proactive program aimed at improving compliance with dietary and fluid restrictions. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of implementing the continuous care model on the attitude related to adherence to diet and fluids in hemodialysis patients.

This semi-experimental research with intervention and control groups was conducted on 64 hemodialysis patients. The samples in this study were initially selected through convenience sampling and then randomly divided into two groups of the intervention group and the control group. Initially, demographic information and compliance-related attitude questionnaires were completed by the patients in both groups during the pre-test phase. Then, after providing an educational booklet, the follow-up care model was implemented in the intervention group. At the end of each month and until the end of the third month, the compliance-related attitude questionnaire was completed in both groups. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software version 21.

The results of statistical analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of compliance-related attitude toward dietary and fluid restrictions between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (p = 0.343); however, this score had significantly increased one month after the intervention (p = 0.005).

The results showed that by implementing the continuous care model one month after the intervention, patients exhibited greater adherence to diet and fluid restrictions; therefore, it is recommended that nurses use care models such as continuous care model in caring for patients.

 Despite the importance of nutrition education for hemodialysis patients, the most effective method of education in these patients is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare diet education with two methods of teachback and group discussion on laboratory parameters of hemodialysis patients.

In this quasi-experimental study, 70 patients from the hemodialysis wards of the two hospitals, which were randomly assigned to the group discussion group and the teachback group, were included in the study. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a checklist of laboratory parameters before and 2 months after the educational intervention. In both groups, the researchers presented the same educational materials related to nutrition in hemodialysis patients during three sessions. In the teachback method, educational materials was presented  individually to each patient to ensure complete receipt of information. In the group discussion method, the education was done as a discussion in small groups.

In this study, most patients in both groups had a mean age of 25 years, married and male. In comparison methods, the group discussion method caused to lower potassium, fasting blood sugar (P <0.05), phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (P <0.01) in patients more than the teachback method.

Implementing a nutritional education program through group discussion can improve the laboratory parameters of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, in order to prevent complications and improve patients' health, this educational method is recommended to nurses.

Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis is an inflammatory disease with a progressive course that generally affectsjoints, tendons, and bursae, and leads to the destruction and stiffness of involved joints. Different therapeutic regimens and ways for the treatment of this disease are presented that reduce symptoms and signs of the disease. But, most treatmentsmay have many complications and cannot treat the deformities induced by this disease completely. Thus, paying attention to the theory that a specific anti - oxidant rich diet probably can affect the course of this disease is required.

Case Report: 

The patient is a 65 y/o female with complaints of pain in knees, legs, and feet and severe limitation in flexion of knees and ankles for about 30 years. She has been under many treatment regiments including Non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and prednisolone, and also replacement of left patella that have not effective response. Her disease had progressive coarse when she was referred for consultation on the 9th of April 2019. In clinical examination, she had severe inflammation, stiffness and inability in flexion of knee joints as muscle and soft tissue of legs was inflamed, stiffn, and not mobile, bilateral inflammation, pain and tenderness of theankles, wrists and thickness with the tenderness of palmar fasciae were also observed. According to Razi, “We can treat and prevent diseases with diet (24) “. In this new way of treatment, the patient was treated with a combination of a diet rich with anti- oxidant, vitamins and low dose of NSAID. The patient was having a rapid response to this way of therapy, and her joint limitation regressed completely and diameters of both knees was decreased. She was able to sit cross- legged and on two knees after about 30 years of this debilitating disease.

This report may attract the attention of researchers and physicians to the effects of in- vivo cell therapy and an anti- oxidant- rich diet and the absence of inflammation inducing diet that may result in reducing the inflammation and the signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis and correcting the tolerance of immune cells that is the main pathogenesis of this disease

A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Methods & Materials:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07).

The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05).

To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system.

The pathogenic mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not entirely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training on the level of antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue of male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver. In the present experimental study, 21 adults male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly divided into three groups: control, high fat diet and high fat diet+ resistance training groups. Animals in the high-fat diet groups received a high-fat diet including a combination of fructose, carbon tetrachloride and olive oil for 23 weeks. The training group while receiving a high-fat diet, in the final 8 weeks performed the progressive resistance training protocol including carrying weights equivalent to 30 to 100 percent of body weight three sessions a week. At the end of the intervention, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes in liver tissue were measured by enzyme colorimetric method. Also, liver histopathology was performed to confirm the biochemical results. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up test. Liver SOD enzyme level in the high-fat diet+ resistance training group showed significant increase in compared to the high-fat diet group (p = 0.035), but liver GPX enzyme level did not change significantly in the three groups (p = 0.085). The histopathological examination of the liver also confirmed the changes caused by the high-fat diet and the protective effects of resistance training. According to the results of this study, it can be said that resistance training can significantly improve the disorder of antioxidant enzymes and liver tissue steatosis caused by high-fat diet in male Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Physical inactivity and high-calorie diets have caused obesity and related metabolic diseases, therefore; The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity induction along with endurance training and diet change on weight changes and lipid profiles of male Wistar rats.

The research method was laboratory type. The research subjects included 25 Wistar rats with an age range of 8 to 12 weeks, which were divided into 5 control and experimental groups by targeted selective sampling according to weight and age conditions. In the first stage, 4 days after the weaning period, the food program was started to fatten the rats. A 5-band treadmill was used for endurance training. The training program of the subjects was 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks at a speed of 8 meters per minute. Dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the average weight of the obese group + standard diet + aerobics (p = 0.135) and the obese group + standard diet (p = 0.06). Also, there is no significant difference between HDL averages in any of the groups, but there is a significant difference between LDL averages in the control group and other groups (p<0.001).

It seems that endurance exercise has an effect on weight control when a low-fat diet is included.

The objective of this study was to investigate the diet and body activity of adults in Lahijan city during Covid-19. 

This study is from descriptive and applicate research. Statistical population of this study consists of all persons in the age of 18-59 years in Lahijan City, that in which they were selected using the Cochran formula and 385 persons were selected in the available method. In order to data collection, P-life questionnaire and sleep quality questionnaire was used and then the data obtained were analyzed with SPSS software version 23.

According to the results, there was a significant difference between the frequency distribution of samples in three clusters (healthy, unhealthy and non-change) in terms of food consumption during the pandemic (p < 0.05). According to the findings, there was a significant relationship between sex and physical activity (p < 0.05).

According to the findings, during the Covid-19 pandemic the percentage of women in the unhealthy cluster was higher than men; for most people who have unhealthy diets; consumption of total food increased more than before; in most people who have reduced unhealthy food habits, consumption of fruits and water was increased than before; in most people who did not change their diet habits, total consumption was unchanged. Also, the amount of physical activity of the samples decreased during the quarantine period and the women had less physical activity than men.

Adherence to diet in dialysis patients is one of the important care challenges that affect the quality of life. Education can change behavior by changing the level of awareness, attitude, and practice. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of face-to-face and video-based diet training on the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

This study is a double-blind clinical trial conducted with 180 eligible hemodialysis patients in Mashhad in 2016 and 2017. They were randomly assigned to three groups face-to-face training, video-based training, and control. The intervention included two 30- to 45-minute sessions of diet training held once biweekly. Data were collected using a demographics form and the Quality of Life (SF-36) Questionnaire at baseline and 1.5 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16 Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

One-way analysis of the variance test showed that before the intervention of the three groups in the dimensions of physical condition, physical limitation, fatigue, mental limitation, social functioning, pain and general health were not statistically significant and only in the sense of well-being were statistically significant differences. (P=0.009), but after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in all dimensions except physical condition (P <0.05) and by Tukey post hoc test, it was found that this difference was in the video group with two groups of faces. It was significant for face and control, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups of face to face and control.

Conclusion :

The results showed that the total score of the quality of life after the intervention was higher in the video training group than in the face-to-face group. Therefore, the use of video-based training by health care providers to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients is recommended.

On 12 December 2019, a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars-Cov-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, causing the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). On 25 January, 2021, the number of COVID-19 deaths worldwide reached 2 million and the number of confirmed cases reached more than 100 million. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on human health and has caused sudden changes with social and economic consequences in human lifestyle due to social distancing and staying at home. Improving public health during this pandemic requires to have knowledge of medical and biological concepts, as well all concepts related to lifestyle and social and behavioral acts, including eating habits. One of the methods to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19 is to modify nutrition and have proper dieter regimen. This study aims to review the role of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic and present recommendations for improving nutritional health at this period.