جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مداخله آموزشی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common diseases affecting the quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of self-care training program on health-related quality of life among elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

In this clinical trial, 99 elderly women with T2DM were selected using random cluster sampling and randomly divided into test and control groups in Tehran from 2022 to 2023. The test group received seven sessions of 30-60 minutes of self-care training specific for patients suffering from T2DM, while the control group received the same training in four intensive sessions after the post-test. Data collection tools included a two-part questionnaire on demographic information and quality of life (LEIPAD). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

In this study, 69.7% (69) of the participants were in the age group of 60-69 years. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the quality of life scores between the two groups (p<0.001). Within-group analysis also showed a significant difference in the quality of life scores before and after the intervention, with a positive change in the test group and a negative change in the control group (p=0.001).

Self-care education can improve the quality of life of elderly women with T2DM. Therefore, implementing such educational interventions is a suitable option for enhancing the quality of life of elderly women with T2DM.

Objective (s):

 Considering the role of self-care in reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases and in order to properly increase the importance of health to society, paying attention to the self-care is a priority. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of an educational intervention in the context of social messengers on the awareness of the health workers regarding the self-care program.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 705 employees (doctors, nurses, midwives, health care workers) of health centers in Ilam province, Iran during 2020 and 2021. To collect data, a self-designed questionnaire containing 330 questions related to the 22 educational packages of the national self-care program provided by the Ministry of Health was used. The questionnaire was completed before an educational intervention and 9-months follow-up. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 24 software and through paired t-test and chi-square test.

The results indicated a significant increase in the awareness of health workers in the field of self-care program during a period of nine months after the educational intervention using the virtual educational method. A statistically significant relationship was observed between increasing the level of awareness of health workers with variables such as age (0.01), education level (0.05), gender (0.01) and organizational position (0.01).

Considering the important and fundamental role of health workers in improving the level of health literacy of the society and on the other hand the growing trend of access to social messengers, it is suggested with a cascade approach and based on social accountability, suitable educational programs to improve the awareness of health workers and subsequently health ambassadors at the household level should be prioritized.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that significantly impacts individuals' social, psychological, and personal functioning. One of the consequences of diabetes is a reduction in marital compatibility and issues related to family stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention on family stability in women with type II diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center.

This semi-experimental intervention study was conducted in 2022 with 60 women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants, who were then randomly divided into two groups. The educational intervention was delivered virtually over seven sessions. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Family Stability Questionnaire (FSQ). SPSS software version 26 was utilized for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05, employing independent t-tests, paired t-tests, ANOVA, covariance analysis, and Mann-Whitney tests.

After the intervention, the average family stability score in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group, with a significant difference noted (p<0.01). It is important to note that a lower score indicates better family stability. The paired t-test results demonstrated the positive impact of the training in the intervention group.

The educational intervention was effective in enhancing family stability among women with type II diabetes in Yazd city. Future studies should explore and implement strategies to promote family stability in patients with other chronic diseases, with particular emphasis on improving emotional well-being.

Needle stick is one of the problems faced by the employees of healthcare centers, especially nurses. Considering the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the preventive behaviors of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS infections among nurses in the ICU departments of Imam Hassan hospital in Bojnord city.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in an interventional way in 2022 on 76 employees of the ICU department of the the Imam Hassan hospital who were allocated in two experimental and control groups. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that sharp object penetration training had a significant effect on the components of the health belief model, including perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, symptoms for action and behavior, and exposure behaviors.

By holding training courses, the necessary information on the prevention of injuries caused by sharp objects should be transferred to the health and treatment staff.

Stress is one of the major problems in life and occupation is one of the most important factors that cause it. This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on virtual social networks on occupational stress among employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted among 122 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were randomly assigned to intervention (n=59) and control (n=63) groups, in 2022. The data collection tool was questionnaires of job stress and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stress, which were completed before and two months after the educational intervention. The training program was implemented virtually for the intervention group within a month with the methods of educational videos, audio files, images, and text messages. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using independent t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA.

There was no significant difference in the average score of knowledge, attitude, and performance between the two intervention and control groups before the intervention, but two months after the educational intervention, by adjusting the effect of pre-test scores, the average score of knowledge, attitude and practice in the intervention group increased significantly. (P<0.001). The average occupational stress score in the intervention group decreased from 118.26 to 117.20, which was significant compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of educational intervention based on virtual social networks on increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stress as well as management of occupational stress, it is recommended to design and implement educational interventions using modern technologies and virtual spaces to improve mental health in the workplaces.

Objective:

 Lifestyle is an important component in health education and promotion. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that currently 60% of deaths worldwide and 80% of deaths in developing countries are due to unhealthy lifestyle. The present study aims to determine the effect of an educational intervention on improving the healthy lifestyle behaviors of people referred to the health centers in Yazd, Iran.

Methods:

 This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2017 on 140 men and women aged 18-40 years referred to four health centers in Yazd city, who were selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the educational program at three sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The data collection tool was a researcher-made lifestyle questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability.  The questionnaire was completed before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention by both groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics and analytical tests.

Results:

 Immediately after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in knowledge, attitude, and enabling factors (P<0.05), but the score of health-promoting behaviors was not significantly different (P=0.063). Three months after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, and health-promoting behavior between the two groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

 The educational intervention is effective in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors of people in Yazd, Iran.

Drug abuse usually starts in adolescence; it is influenced by factors such as gender, age, psychological factors affecting sensation seeking and social communication. The COM-B model includes a full range of behavioral concepts and is suitable for intervention regarding substance abuse. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the impact of education on the prevention of substance abuse among students.

An experimental study with a randomized controlled trial type was carried out. Using cluster method, two clusters were randomly selected from trhe schools on the outskirts of the city; one school was determined as intervention, and the other as control with a sample size of 50 people in each group. With Zuckerman's sensation seeking questionnaire, students were examined, and those with a positive score were evaluated with the COM-B substance abuse tendency questionnaire. Educational interventions were implemented for the intervention group. After completion of the intervention and three later, this questionnaire was completed by both groups.

In the intervention group, the scores of physical capacity (p=0/001), mental capacity (p=0/001), reflective motivation (p<0/05), automatic motivation (p<0/05), and preventive behavior against substance abuse increased after the intervention (p<0/05), but no significant difference was observed in the opportunity score in the studied times. In the control group, there was no significant difference in the scores of any of the variables during the study.

The implementation of educational programs based on COM-B model is effective in reducing the tendency of students to abuse drugs.

 Office workers, regardless of educational principles, may be exposed to musculoskeletal injuries due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the administrative staff of an Ilam University of Medical Sciences campus.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 178 administrative staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences Campus 1 was examined. Musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Ergonomic risk factors of the workplace were assessed by Rapid Administrative Strain Assessment (ROSA) before and after the training. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 statistical software.

 According to the findings obtained from the Nordic questionnaire, it was found that the most disorders in the past year were in the back (56.2%) and neck (55.6%) areas and the ROSA evaluation results showed that 24.4% of the subjects the study was at the ergonomic level with high risk. After the implementation of training programs, the results showed that the prevalence of disorders in 9 areas decreased. Also, demographic variables did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. (Significance level 0/05 is assumed)

 The results of this study showed that ergonomic training can be an effective method to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort in office work environments.

Brucellosis is a common disease worldwide. Family-centered empowerment model is a model for empowering patients to modify high-risk behaviors. Given the wide range of health and economic complications caused by the prevalence of brucellosis in society, we sought to evaluate the effect of this model in modifying the high-risk behaviors of patients with brucellosis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study that examined 88 patients with Brucellosis in Arak County in 2021. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire based on the family-centered empowerment model in six constructs, namely knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior at two stages before and two months after the educational intervention. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.

The mean of patients' age was 42.19±19.79. The results of the paired t-test indicated that the mean scores of knowledge (P<0.001), attitude (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), self-esteem (P<0.001), self-efficacy (P<0.001), and behavior (P<0.001) significantly increased in the intervention group after education. but changes in mean scores of knowledge (P=0.71), attitude (P= 0.53), perceived severity (P=0.26), self-esteem (P=0.18), self-efficacy (P=0.21), and behavior (P=0.41) were not significant in the control group.

The results indicated that educational intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model could be effective in increasing knowledge, thereby improving Brucellosis prevention behaviors.

One of the effective methods for preventing infectious diseases, especially in children, is vaccination; if children are not fully, correctly and timely immunized, infectious diseases will threaten their lives. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on timely vaccination of children in Qom, Iran

This is an interventional study that was conducted on 100 mothers referred to comprehensive health centers in Qom, Iran for the 2-month and 4-month vaccination of their children with a delay of more than 10 days. After dividing them into two groups of intervention and control by the block randomization method (4 blocks), questionnaires were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group received the online educational materials for two months. Two months later, the questionnaires were completed by both groups again and the time of their visit was checked.

The mean score of practice in both groups increased after two months, which was higher in the intervention group and this difference was significant (P<0.001).

HBM-based educational programs can be used to increase immunization coverage of children in Qom, Iran.

Bank employees are one of the groups at risk of covid-19 after the medical staff. One of the effective models in the field of preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19 is the health belief model. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of educational intervention in the prevention of covid-19 based on the health belief model among the employees of Yazd Bank.

The present intervention type study (intervention and control group) was conducted in 1400 on 106 employees of the National Bank of Yazd. Two WhatsApp groups were formed. Questionnaire links were sent to both groups. The questionnaire used in this study was the standardized questionnaire in the study of Delshad et al. For the intervention group, educational content based on the constructs of the health belief model was prepared in the form of pamphlets, educational clips, info graphics, podcasts, and educational messages and sent in the virtual group (WhatsApp and Yes). Three weeks after the completion of the training program, the link to the questionnaire was again sent to both groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.

All constructs of the health belief model were significantly different in the intervention group after the implementation of the educational intervention (p<0.005). After the implementation of the educational intervention, the preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19 improved significantly (p<0.005). The most significant increase is related to the structure of behavior, where the mean (standard deviation) of the behavior score in the intervention group before the implementation of the educational intervention was 23.94±6.21, and 3 weeks after the implementation of the educational intervention, it was 20.91±3.91 44 increased

Considering the positive impact of the health belief model on preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19, it is suggested to use the mentioned model in the educational planning of Covid-19.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. One of the most important strategies for controlling dyslipidemia is improving lifestyle. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of educational intervention on beliefs related to the prevention of dyslipidemia in women.

The current study is a semi-experimental type that was conducted on 80 women who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Tabas city. Sampling was done in several stages. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed before and one month after the intervention. The educational intervention based on the health belief model included two group training sessions and presentation of an educational booklet. Data was collected based on SPSS software version 21 and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. The significance level of the tests was considered less than 0. 05.

The average score of perceived intensity in the test group after the intervention has increased significantly compared to the control group and the average score has increased from 12.45 to 13.13(p=0.003). The average score of perceived barriers in the test group has also decreased from 29.62 to 27.44(p=0/011). The average perceived self-efficacy score in the test group increased from 30.18 to 32.16, which was a significant increase compared to the control group(p=0/019).

Considering the effect of the intervention on improving some constructs such as perceived severity, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, it can be concluded that the educational intervention based on the health belief model can be effective in promoting beliefs related to preventive behaviors of dyslipidemia.

Citizenship education is one of the most important and challenging tasks of educational systems, so that in many countries around the world, this activity is a large part of the concerns of education officials. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of rational practice on citizenship skills of high school male students in Assadabad.

This study was a randomized controlled trial performed on 150 high school male students, in Assadabad in 2020-2021. Sampling was cluster sampling and students were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (75 people in each group). Data collection instrument was a questionnaire with the three sections including demographic variables, knowledge, theory of reasoned action constructs. The data were collected three months after educational intervention.

Based on the results of the study; Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of variables of knowledge, attitude, abstract norms and behavioral intention (p <0.05), But three months after the educational intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge score and each of the structures of theory of rational action (p = 0.001), While in the control group no significant difference was observed (p <0.05).

Based on the results of the study, the theory of resoned action can be used as a suitable theoretical framework for designing and implementing educational interventions in schools.  Therefore, emphasis is placed on considering citizenship education in the formal education of schools and strategic planning of education officials.

Implementation of health education programs is one of the necessary ways to prevent diabetes in teenagers. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of educational intervention on preventive behaviors of type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model.

This Quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 on 143 at-risk high school boys in Khash city (in the southwest of Iran) who were selected by cluster random sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups (70 students in the intervention group, 73 students in the control group). The data collection tool was a questionnaire of demographic characteristics, knowledge, model constructs, and disease prevention behaviors. The educational program was held in 7 one-hour sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected before the intervention, immediately, and three months after the intervention and were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t- test, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

The changes in the mean score of knowledge, model constructs, and behavior in the intervention group during three times (before training, immediately, and three months after training) were significant (p<0.001). The average behavior score of the intervention group in the pre-test stage was 17.36 out of 35, which increased to 22.96 immediately after the intervention and declined to 18.57 three months later, but this trend in the control group was decreasing over time.

Considering the effect of the program based on the health belief model in promoting diabetes prevention behaviors in students, it is recommended to design, implement, and evaluate a theory-based program with the aim of controlling and preventing diabetes in adolescents.

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that cause physical and psychological problems and decreases the quality of life in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of education on the quality of life in type II diabetic patients at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

This is a pre-and post- randomized trial study. The intervention included an educational program to increase the quality of life which was performed on type 2 diabetic patients at the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. The patients in this study were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The sample size for each study group was calculated to be 27 individuals considering the standard deviation (SD) of quality of life reported in previous studies (i.e., 1.7) and based on the effect size of 1.5, confidence interval:  95%, and test power of 90%. However, considering the rate of attrition, the sample size was increased to 30 people. The standard quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) with eight subscales was used to assess the quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23).

The mean±SD age of patients was estimated to be 54.1±9.8 and 54.8±9.5 years in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The mean score of quality of life in the control group before and after the intervention was obtained at 83.7±8.3 and 82.9±7.7, respectively. These scores in the intervention group were 82.1±14.5 and 91.9±12.2, before and after the intervention, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the mean score of quality of life in the intervention group after the intervention. The subscale of physical functioning, energy-fatigue, emotional well-being, pain, and general health increased after the training program. However, sub-scales of disorder did not change physical health, emotional disorder, and social functioning in the intervention and control groups.

Based on the obtained results, the quality of life of the elderly and their active years can be increased through the implementation of educational programs on self-care and using new educational models.

 Hypertension is one of the most common and chronic diseases. It can be controlled by methods such as increasing self-care knowledge, attitude and behaviors. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention using “Behdan” mobile application in improving self-care knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with hypertension.

 This is an interventional study on 132 patients with hypertension referred to Shahid Avini Comprehensive Health Service Center in Qom province, Iran who were selected by a convenience sapling method. Then, by the block randomization method, they were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The educational intervention was presented for one month at four sessions per week by using the educational materials in Behdan application. After two months, the patients were assessed again.

 After the educational intervention, the mean systolic (P=0.006) and diastolic (P=0.03) blood pressure levels in two groups were significantly different compared to the pe-intervention levels. The mean post-intervention score of knowledge was higher than the pre-intervention score, but the difference was no significant (P=0.27). The mean scores of attitudes and practice after the intervention were significantly higher than those in the pre-intervention phase (P<0.001).

 The educational intervention using “Behdan” mobile application can be used to improve self-care attitudes and practice of patients with hypertension. Therefore, mobile applications have the potential to control high blood pressure.

Disposal of non-sanitary wastewater in the rural area leads to the pollution of surface water, groundwater, and soil. It also creates unpleasant landscapes and a suitable environment for the growth and propagation of various types of insects and rodents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the promotion of sanitary wastewater disposal behaviors of rural residents.

This interventional study was conducted on 72 heads of rural households in Aq-Qala, Iran. Two similar villages in the area were selected and assigned to experimental and control group through simple random allocation. Then, 36 heads of the households were selected from each village. Data were collected before and after the intervention through a reliable and valid HBM questionnaire. Paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon, independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test were employed to analyze the data by SPSS version 17.

Before the intervention, there wasn’t significant difference between two groups in terms of knowledge, HBM constructs, behavior and demographic characteristics (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy increased significantly and the mean score of perceived barriers decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the mean score of behavior (P>0.05).

The educational intervention was effective in promoting knowledge and HBM constructs, but it was not effective in the domain of behavior. As far as digging absorptive well is costly, so in addition to increasing the number of training sessions, inter-sectoral cooperation between village councils is recommended.

Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer. Pap smear test is one of the screening methods for cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Trans-theoretical model on participation in Pap Smear test.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in 2016 on 70 eligible women in Chatroud who were assigned to the intervention and control groups by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a confirmed researcher-made questionnaire which was completed before and two weeks after the educational intervention. The training program was performed in 8 sessions in the form of lectures, questions and answers, group discussions, and Showing videoes for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using chi-square, paired t-test, and independent t-test in SPSS software version 16.

The results showed that the difference between intervention and control groups was not statistically significant in terms of demographic variables. Before the educational intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the stages of change (P-Value=0.094) and the score of perceived barriers (P-Value=0.23) between the intervention and control groups, but after the educational intervention this difference was significant (P-Value<0.001). Paired t-test also showed a significant difference between the scores of perceived barriers and benefits and self-efficacy before and after the educational intervention in the intervention group (P-Value<0.001). Howevere, in the control group this difference was not significant. Prior to the educational intervention, only 9 Pap Smears were performed in the intervention group, which increased to 25 after the intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between the behavior of performing Pap Smear test (P-Value=0.002) in the two groups.

The results of this study showed the significant effect of educational intervention on the stages of behavior change, decision balance, self-efficacy, and behavior based on Tran’s theoretical model constructs and promotion of performing Pap Smear test behavior.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recursive chronic disease with no definitive cure. This study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of interventions that aimed to empower patients to improve the consequences of IBD. 

In a systematic review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, from 2000 to May 2021, using "self-care OR empower", "self-efficacy OR self-management", "self-control OR self-confidence OR self-determination", "inflammatory bowel disease OR IBD OR Crohn disease OR ulcerative colitis" as keywords. Two reviewers separately performed the search, screening of the studies. 

In total, 13 papers were finally included in the study. Most of the interventions aimed to increase patients’ awareness of the effects of the disease and how to prevent its recurrence, foster self-management, self-care, and stress management skills. The majority of interventions were made through consultation, lecture, textual educational material, telephone calls, and computer-based communication. The most prevalent positive effects of the interventions were reduced anxiety, fewer problems with the disease, fewer visits to the hospital, and increase the quality of life. 

the educational interventions based on empowerment can be effective in improving the adverse effects of IBD. These interventions can positively affect patients’ clinical and psychological health and can also increase the quality of life. The most prevalent strategies used were self-management skills and anxiety/stress management strategies.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparision study of the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model using two methods of web-based multimedia education and booklet on adherence to mammography in women 40 years and older in Bushehr.

This study is a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 126 women 40 years and older (three groups, each consisting of 42 people). Educational content was designed based on the Health Belief Model. Data gathered by questionnaire before and two months after the educational intervention and, were analyzed using chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS v.22.

after Intervention, comparison of the three groups showed that the mean score of knowledge in both Web-Based and booklet groups increased compared to the control group. Perceived benefit, susceptibility, perceived severity and health motivation also increased significantly after intervention in the web-based intervention group, but no significant change was observed in control groups. Perceived barriers also decreased in the web-based group after intervention. Adhering to mammography in the web-based intervention after training was significantly higher than the booklet and control group.

The results of this study showed that educational intervention based on psychological structures and web-based can be useful in improving women's beliefs about mammography behavior and promoting their behavior. It seems that the use of web-based teaching methods is more acceptable and effective than previous methods such as booklets. Therefore, designing studies using modern web-based educational methods is suggested.