جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « هم افزایی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The aim of the current research was to design an addiction education course based on neurological and brain consequences for teenagers and young people in Kerman city. Currently, drug addiction is one of the basic problems of our society, and this issue is very important considering the youth of our country's population, most of which are children, teenagers, and young adults. Despite the many advances that have been made in the understanding of the biological and neurological factors involved in addiction, this disorder is still a major public health problem that is associated with individual and social suffering and causes a great burden for the individual, family and society. Addiction during adolescence is more than any other age period. The different developmental pathways of the brain in adolescence, which include cortical and subcortical areas, are among the factors that can make adolescents more prone to risky behaviors than other age groups, including behaviors addictive Therefore, further studies in the field of understanding and identifying the biological and neurological factors involved in adolescent addiction, which lead to the creation of visual enhancement and treatment strategies, are essential.A central component in this circuit is the nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, which receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area (called the mesolimbic dopamine system) and is called the brain's reward center. In addition to dopamine, a wide range of neurotransmitters including opioids, cannabinoids, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and glutamate also play a role in addiction Another reward-based model is the reward deficit syndrome, based on which people addicted to In other words, compensating for the lack of reward area in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, are involved in addictive behaviors and this model is consistent with the theories of self-treatment of addictionBased on motivation-based models, addiction is a disorder in motivation that is directed in the wrong direction, in which priority is given to drug use, and other motivational behaviors such as paying attention to family, work, or school are placed in the next priorities. In these processes, people prefer smaller immediate rewards (such as euphoria from drug use) to larger delayed rewards (better life from studying, securing a future job). Specific brain regions include the ventral striatum and the prefrontal cortex. The medial ventral cortex is closely related to reward processes, risk/reward decision making, and selection of smaller rewards. While the selection of delayed rewards is related to the dorsal prefrontal cortical areasResearch on high-risk decision-making and addiction forms the idea of dual-process models including two qualitatively different processes that may compete with each other to take control of behavior. These processes have been described with various modifications, including impulsive versus reflective or automatic versus controlled. Both in adolescence and in the issue of addiction, research literature suggests that risky behavior is caused by the inability of reflective processes to adequately moderate impulsive processes . It is due to the longer evolution of the frontal cortex behavioral control circuits and this imbalance is greater in mid-adolescence and becomes normal in adulthood . The adolescent brain is characterized by two interacting systems. The first system that evolves faster is the bottom-up motivational system of hot emotion, and the second system that evolves more slowly is the cognitive control system from top to bottom is cold . The emotional-motivational system is the subcortical areas of the brain, which are dopaminergic areas. in the middle brain and their target areas include cortical areas (medial prefrontal cortex) and subcortical areas (striatum) and both of these target areas are involved in the reward process. The top-down cognitive control system includes prefrontal areas to It is specific to the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal regions, which are involved in self-regulation, planning, abstract thinking, working memory, and goal-directed behavior. Transient disturbance of these brain areas using magnetic stimulation of the skull has led to increased risk-taking and increased impulsivity .The researches that have been conducted in the last 15 years based on comprehensive and extensive visualization approaches emphasize the educational approach based on school programs. The main premise of this research lies in the belief that a suitable educational design model is vital for developing and applying effective educational programs. Similarly, instructional architects—instructional designers—have the ability to provide a blueprint for the instruction to be created. Experienced designers should start with a set of training models to provide a standard map that can be modified when necessary. The problem of many educational designers, and especially for those who are required to undertake both the design and application of education activities, is to decide which model to choose from the various educational models and use as a model for their work. One of the fields that requires the use of educational design models is Basr area.

In order to achieve the goal of this research, a combined, sequential exploratory method was used. In the qualitative part of the research, the method of inductive content analysis was used, and in the quantitative part, the quasi-experimental design of the experimental group - the control group with pre-test - post-test was used. In the qualitative part of the research, documents, articles, books, and texts extracted from interviews with experts and expert professors who were selected in a purposeful way, were subjected to inductive content analysis, and in the following nine final categories: analysis, content, knowledge Learner, teacher, educational strategies, teaching methods, learning media, school environment and classroom conditions, and evaluation were extracted. First, the conceptual model that included all these elements was designed, and then the trend model of addiction prevention, which is a practical and class model, was designed and compiled. In order to check the internal and external validity of the conceptual and process model, a researcher-made questionnaire and test were used, and their validity was obtained through experts' review and their reliability using Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 and 0.82, respectively.

The research sample in the internal validation section included 20 experts in educational technology and addiction prevention, and in the external validation section 40 students of the eighth grade of the first secondary school who had completed the academic year of 2019-2019 were randomly selected. The results showed that the training provided based on the trend pattern has been able to have a significant effect on the total score of the subjects. In response to this question, there is no significant difference in the average score of the students in the control and experimental groups during the pre-test (control group 39.85 and experimental group 37.25), but during the post-test between the said averages (control group 6.6 40 and experimental group 70/19) there is a significant difference.

In other words, after presenting the educational program in the experimental group and not presenting it in the control group, the results obtained in the post-test showed that the experimental group was under the positive influence of the trend pattern.

 Current therapeutic approaches to support parents of autistic children mainly focus on psychoeducation and necessary skills, and few focus on strengthening relationships between parents and their children. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a new intervention based on the savoring-intervention model on positive-negative emotions, parental satisfaction, and child-parent relationships.

 The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children referred to exceptional schools and rehabilitation institutions in Islam-Shahr City, Iran, from June 22 to September 22, 2022. The sample group included 30 eligible volunteer mothers who met the inclusion criteria of the research. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The inclusion criteria for mothers were as follows: being in the age range of 25 to 40 years, having an autistic child less than 10 years old, and being interested in participating in the research. The exclusion criteria were the consumption of any psychiatric medication, receiving psychological interventions in the past year, and having a history of substance abuse and absenteeism for more than two sessions during the treatment period. Ethical considerations in this research included the voluntary attendance of members in the intervention sessions, the confidentiality of information, and providing a commitment to hold the intervention for the control group after the end of the research. Data collection tools were the Positive-Negative Affect Rating Scale (Watson et al., 1988), Kansas Parental Satisfaction (James et al., 1985), and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Driscoll & Pianta, 1992). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, and their reliability was checked by the Cronbach alpha method, which was found to be 0.75, 0.82, 0.80, and 0.90, respectively, for the scale of positive emotions, negative emotions, child relationship, and parental satisfaction. For the experimental group, an intervention program based on the savoring-intervention model was implemented in ten 60-minute sessions on a weekly basis. Data analysis was done using the covariance test in SPSS software version 24.

 The findings showed the significant effect of savoring intervention on reducing negative emotions (p<0.001), increasing positive emotions (p<0.001), improving satisfaction (p=0.047), and quality of the child-parent relationship (p=0.026) in the experimental group.

 By this method, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder learn to focus on the positive aspects of the moments in which they had a close and intimate relationship with their children and helped their children to explore and learn during the pleasurable intervention. They try to meet the needs of their children as a safe base. They also learn that being happy and enjoying life's various moments and experiences does not mean getting rid of life's responsibilities; they can also focus on positive experiences instead of negative experiences. This intervention led to the activation of the attachment system. This activation, in turn, leads to positive emotions in relation to the children, which can positively affect the outcomes related to attachment (for example, mother's responsiveness) and ultimately improve parent-child relationships and parental satisfaction. Based on this, it can be said that pleasure enhancement is a promising intervention to strengthen psychological resources in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factorsand components of empowerment of primary school principalsin Tehran based on the components of futures research.

In terms of developmental purposeand type of data, the research method is part of a series ofconsecutive exploratory research, which is both qualitativeand quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitativesection includes a number of specialists and in the quantitativesection includes all male and female teachers of public primaryschools in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, whosenumber was 907 people. In the qualitative part, 12 people wereselected by snowball method and in the quantitative part, 269people were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan tableby cluster and random method. The research tool is aresearcher-made questionnaire.

The results showed; That 6 factors and 20 subcomponents affect the empowerment of managers based on thecomponents of futures research. In addition, the componentsof responsibility (4.764), the role of organizational health(4.656), job strengthening of teachers (4.949), creativethinking (4.905), and delegation (4.961) are currently onempowerment. The basis of futures research components areless effective.

Also, the role model component with acoefficient (6.343) has the most effect and the organizationalhealth component with a coefficient (4.656) has the least effecton empowering managers compared to other components.

The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.

For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response. Response variables include; The melting point overrun and overall acceptance. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the ice cream formulation was determined using the Box Bancon experimental design.

In this study, the aim of optimization is to achieve the highest percentage of overrun and the highest melting resistance, which is one of the important quality indicators of ice cream in consumer acceptance. Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation selected by the software included 10.57% hazelnut oil, 63.26% almond milk and 25.81% grape juice.

The presence of almond milk, grape juice and hazelnut oil in the ice cream formula improved the effective properties such as firmness, increased overrun and melting resistance of ice cream in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Almond milk increased the volume and decreased the melting point by increasing its viscosity and high protein content. With the addition of grape juice and hazelnut oil, the overall acceptance rate was higher. As a result, these plant compounds with beneficial nutritional and health properties can be used in ice cream formulations and while maintaining the texture and melting properties of ice cream, lead to the production of useful products.

 It is essential to introduce new antimicrobials or to evaluate the synergistic effect of existing compounds as a therapeutic strategy against microbial strains resistant to one or more antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect of lactoferrin chimera (cLF) in interaction with some common therapeutic antibiotics.

 The antimicrobial activity of cLF and the antibiotics including gentamicin, cefazolin, and ceftazidime were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and subsequently, the synergistic effect of this peptide with each of the mentioned antibiotics was checked against E coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi were investigated and the minimum fraction inhibitory concentration (FIC) was reported. Release of cytoplasmic materials, plotting of survival curves, and activity of peptides alone and in combination with antibiotics were evaluated, and bacterial cell morphology investigating was performed using scanning electron microscopy at MIC and FIC concentrations.

 The synergistic effect was observed in the combination of cLF with all antibiotics. The results showed that at FIC concentrations, material release from the cytoplasm and the number of surviving cells were significantly higher and lower than when peptides or antibiotics were used alone, respectively. The activity of peptides and antibiotics at FIC concentration was increasing and SEM images at this concentration showed severe membrane damage of bacterial cells.

 The use of cLF and antibiotics at FIC concentrations reduces the dose of both substances.

The aim of this study was to investigate the indicators of teacher empowerment in West Azerbaijan based on the document of fundamental transformation of education.

In terms of developmental purpose and data type, the research method was part of a series of consecutive exploratory research, which was both qualitative and quantitative, which was done by the foundation data method, and in terms of method, it was a survey description. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes a number of experts and in the quantitative part includes all male and female teachers of schools in West Azerbaijan province who were employed in the academic year 2020, their number was 37,000. 380 people were selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table by cluster and random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The apparent validity of the questionnaires was verified by experts and the content validity was verified using CVR forms. The validity of the structure in the form of convergent validity was the values ​​of all factor loads above 0.50 and the reliability was confirmed by a coefficient of 0.868.

The results showed; From the teachers' point of view, the factors of teacher empowerment based on the document of fundamental change are: change seeking, including: knowledge of the environment, organizational health, responsibility; Improvements include: skills development, development of participatory management, monitoring and evaluation; Providing a learning environment including: spreading the culture of learning, providing educational equipment, providing financial facilities; Individual organizational factors including: personality, organizational, motivational; Transcendence includes: strengthening the sovereignty of the educational system, development of organizational communication, belief training, emphasis on scientific orientation; Empowerment includes: semantics, effectiveness, self-efficacy, sense of competence.

Also, all components except responsibility (4.892), motivational factors (4.886), emphasis on scientific orientation (4.961) are in good condition. In addition, motivational factors with a coefficient (4.886) are in the weakest position and monitoring and evaluation with a coefficient (6.981) are in the most favorable position.

Cr (VI) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminant and that are used in the steel industry and other chemical industries such as the leather industry, pigment production, electroplating of metals and the production of anticorrosive compounds. Its waste enters the environment and subsequently enters the water and food sources. Therefore, in order to protect the environment as well as human health, it is necessary to remove this pollutant from the environment, including soil, using appropriate methods.

Chromium resistant bacteria were isolated from the chromium contaminated soil and adapted by serial culture in Cr (VI) concentrations of 50-400 mg/L and microorganism growth and Cr (VI) reduction were measured. Then the soil was artificially contaminated at the laboratory by Cr (VI) compound (CrO3) and Organic compounds were added to soil at the Specified amount. Finally, a separated bacterial mix was added to the soil to initiate the bioaugmentation process.

After 3 stages of sampling and data analysis, the results of the study showed that Cr (VI) reduction efficiency by the bacterial mix reduced decrease by Cr (VI) concentration increase. So, under similar conditions, the efficiency of Cr (VI) reduction of soil, at a concentration of 50 , 200 and 350 mg / l, is about 86%, 51% ,and 26% respectively .Organic compound adding also increase bioaugmentation efficiency.

The results of this study showed that optimizing soil conditions could improve the biodegradation process, especially in low concentrations of contaminants.

To improve efficiency, equitable distribution of resources , the use of regional potentialities, decentralization and preventing accumulation of opportunities, as well as purposeful development of the health higher education in different parts of the country, and learning from the developed countries’ experiences, the draft of Planning Health Higher Education According to Territorial Provisions (spatial Planning ), drawn up based on the studies conducted by the Ministry of Health, was submitted to the Supreme Council of the Cultural. Then it was decided that all the departments and units of the Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in each Macro-District should cooperate with the relevant secretariats from 1395. it is expected that it will bring positive and effectiveness and performance results. Reviewing various articles and texts by searching websites, prestigious journals, and reports about the current status of the Islamic Azad University Medical Sciences according to the forms self-declared by university. The largest hospitals under construction and property; and number of fields in medical sciences; the highest number of the existing student; and number of faculty members and number published articles in the macro-district 10; the highest number of cities with educational facilities in the macro-district 1; the lowest numbers of fields of study in the medical sciences, existing students and proposed students admission capacities; the lowest number of faculty members working on individual contractions or those officially or contractually employed in the macro-district 3. developing proper infrastructure for carrying out coordinated plans of the progress and innovation packages in medical education, the need for planning and operating out PHHEATP as a means of local development; regional development; promoting justice; reorganizing and updating plans and procedures, while applying methods، seems inevitable.

Plants of mint family with their antimicrobial properties are used to treat infectious diseases. This study aims to analyze the inhibitory effects as well as synergistic and antagonistic effects of alcoholic extract of Stachys byzantina on five standard strains under in vitro conditions.
In this experimental study, after gathering, Stachys byzantina was dried in the shade far from direct light. The maceration technique was used to prepare alcoholic extract. The effect of extract was analyzed based on disk diffusion technique using concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/ml and about 20 μl of the extract was tested. The microbial strains were purchased in the form of lyophilized strains. In order to determine MIC and MBC, microdilution method was used. Moreover, the synergistic effect of the extract was analyzed with antibiotic.
FINDINGS: In this study, the greatest effect of the extract was observed to be on Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentration of 500 mg/ml (23±1.7 mm). However, this effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus Group A and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be 18.4±1.8 mm, 14.4±2.4 mm and 11.7±2.4 mm, respectively. In addition, as the concentration of the extract increased, the inhibition zone diameter increased significantly (p≤0.05). Synergistic activity of the extract was shown with gentamicin, erythromycin and penicillin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phytochemical results indicated the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, terpenoid, steroid, saponin and flavonoid.
It seems that the extract of Stachys byzantina has inhibitory effect, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents and improves the performance of some of the antibiotics.

Bioaugmentation is a great technique in bioremediation of contaminated soils with petroleum hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated bacteria from activated sludge as non-indigenous bacteria in bioremediation of kerosene contaminated soils and study the growth of isolated bacteria in the presence of different concentrations of this product. Sampling of activated sludge was taken from two treatment plants in Assaluyeh region. Isolation of degrading bacteria was performed by culturing the samples on basal mineral medium. Emulsification test and evaluating growth of bacteria were carried out in different concentrations of kerosene. Isolated bacteria were inoculated to polluted soils with kerosene oil compound for bioaugmentation. The evaluation of their bioremediationpotentialand the rate of biodegradation were measured by infrared spectroscopy (IR). In this study, two bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Serratia marcescens were isolated and identified as kerosene degrading bacteria from activated sludge. P. putida was recognized as the most powerful degrading bacterium of this oil product according to emulsification tests, measuring the growth of bacteria in various concentrations of kerosene, the results of Bioaugmentation of contaminated column of soil with kerosene and reduce the level of TPHs. In regard to adaptation of activated sludge bacteria with variety of pollutants in sewage, they can be used as non-indigenous bacteria for bioaugmentation and cleaning up contaminated soil with petroleum hydrocarbons.

Premenstrual syndrome can affect people’s resilience and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of awareness group training of premenstrual syndrome on resilience and quality of life in the female high school students.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test with a control group. The study population was second grade high school girls randomly selected by cluster sampling from one class in two high schools in each of the 20 districts of Education Office in Tehran. Fifteen students with dysmenorrhea in each class were randomly assigned to the control or the experimental group. Students in the experimental group participated in 10 weekly 75-minute sessions of training. Data were collected at baseline and two months after the end of the sessions in the experimental group. The study tools were a demographic questionnaire، the diagnostic questionnaire of premenstrual syndrome (DQPS)، Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CDRS)، and 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36). Data were analyzed by t-test، paired t-test and Mann-Whitney in the SPSS version 16. 0.

There was no statistical difference between control and experimental groups in their demographic characteristics (P>0. 05). At baseline، the groups matched for mean scores of PMS، resilience and quality of life (P>0. 05). However، at the post-test، only the students in the experimental group had an improvement in their mean scores of PMS (P<0. 001)، resilience (P<0. 01) and quality of life (P<0. 01).

Training can enhance the mean scores of the adolescent’s PMS، resilience and quality of life.

In this study, the efficiency of phytoremediation on soils contaminated by Phenanthrene and Pyrene as well as the impact of bioaugmentation and nonionic surfactant Tween80 on its performance was evaluated by sorghum and Onobrychis sativa. Soils collected from the pastures of Kohkiluyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran, with concentrations of 100 and 300 mg per kg of Phenanthrene and Pyrene, which were separately and combined (9 levels) contaminated, and 1.5 kg of soil was poured in each pot in different conditions of natural, bioaugmented and surfactant separately and combined (12 cases), were a total of 108 cases, with three replications (324 pot) for 120 days were considered in a similar condition to the field. At last, the concentration of Phenanthrene and Pyrene of soil samples was measured by HPLC to determine the amount and rate of removal. Also, microbial population of soil and Rhizosphere was counted. The results showed that both plants significantly improved the removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene from soil. Bioaugmentation and nonionic surfactant Tween80 increased the removal efficiency. In the composition of plants, bioaugmentation and the surfactant showed significant increase, so as removal of 99.4% and 98% for Onobrychis sativa, and 96.5% and 99% with sorghum were achieved for the Phenanthrene and Pyrene, respectively. The study showed that both sorghum and Onobrychis sativa had a good performance in phytoremediation of contaminated soils by Phenanthrene and Pyrene, and addition of bioaugmentation and surfactants improved the removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene to nearly complete.

Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. This infection may be resistant to therapy and occasionally becomes chronic. In some patients, this form of infection is recurrent. Moreover, discovering new antifungal drugs and the use of these drugs in new methods encourage mycologists to use these techniques. Therefore, according to the above methods, this research investigated effects of several common antifungal drugs with the use of combination methods against candida species isolated from chronic candidal vulvovaginitis. This study carried out on 19 strains of candida albicans that were isolated from recurrent vulvovaginitis. The effects of clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole were assessed separately and in combination with amphotericin B on candida albicans using micro dilution methods. The mean Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B were 7.05, 10.7,47, and 0.6 µgr/ml, respectively after 48 hours incubating. Then, the azole antifungal drugs were evaluated in combination with amphotericin B. The two combinations of fluconazole + amphotericin and miconazole + amphotericin with the Fungicidal Inhibitory Concentrations (FIC) of 0.6 and 1, respectively, attracted the most attentions. In addition, comparing the antifungal effects, the most effective drug was amphotericin B with the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 1.18. In this study, amphotericin B with the least MIC had the best antifungal effect. The most and the least synergic effects of combination therapy were for fluconazole + amphotericin B and Miconazole + amphotericin B, respectively.

Ferula szovitsiana belongs to Umbelliferae family and is an endemic medicinal herb distributed throughout the Iran and Central Asia. The gum obtained from the roots of genus Ferula has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive disorders and rheumatism. In this research، antibacterial and synergistic activities of chloroform fractions of root extract of Ferula szovitsiana have been studied. In this experimental study، antibacterial، antifungal and synergistic effects of chloroform and methanol extract and active fractions (CEF1-CEF15) on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (concentrations; 0. 2-4 mg/ml، the multiple of 2) have been studied using disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The results revealed that the extracts and the fractions had notable anti-microbial effect on the tested microorganism. The mean inhibition zone diameter between 7 to 23 mm was observed for the various fractions of the extract. Between 15 produced fractions، CEF6 has the most significant anti-microbial and anti-fungal effect against Bacillus subtilis and Cryptocccus neoformans (zone diameters; 15. 4 mm and 23. 1 mm respectively). Fraction CEF5 has no effect on the growth of microorganisms. Potent synergistic effect of the fractions with Erythromycin and Tetracycline were detected for CEF1، CEF9، CEF10 and CEF11 against Methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Results obtained from this study revealed that total extract and fractions from F. szovitsiana have anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Species of genus Ferula are rich sources of coumarin compounds with antimicrobial activity against many microorganisms and findings from the present study were based on the same potential of the fractions.

Brucella is an agent of on infectious disease which can be cured hardly. This disease encounter with resistance to drug and further recurrence of infection. Side effects of antibiotics that are used to treat are very high. This study aimed to design a method to eliminate drug resistance through using low dose of antibiotics for treatment of brucellosis. In this experimental study، silver nanorods were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate and then brucella abortus culture on Hinton Mueller agar. The discs were treated by Kirby-Bauer method with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Synergistic effect with streptomycin was also done by imbuing the streptomycin disk (10µg) with highest Concentration of Nano particle that has not inhibitory effect. Investigation the effect of Silver Nanoparticles on streptomycin-resistant Brucella abortus showed that dilutions above 25 mM singly cause the inhibition of Brucella abortus growth. Evaluation of synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles with streptomycin show of that plates contain streptomycin disks with dilution of 12. 50 mM cause inhibition zone consistent with CLSI. This study showed that silver nanoparticles singly can control the growth of bacteria. It seems that silver nanoparticles beside antibiotics، destroy bacteria drug-resistant. Using nanoparticles beside common antibiotics enable us to use very low concentrations of antibiotics and nanoparticles to reduce their adverse effects.

Nystatin is a polyene with antifungal effect which is used in treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis in diverse forms. Increasing its utilization in recent years has led to predominant increasing of resistances. Nowadays for increasing of antifungal effect and decreasing of resistance and side effects of drugs they are used in combination with each other. So we decided to investigate antifungal effect of Nystatin in combination with nanosilver particles. This was an experimental study which has been accomplished on 30 samples of isolated candida species from patients effected to chronic candidal vaginitis. In this study the antifungal effects of Nystatin and silver nanoparticles each of them alone and in combination with each other by microdilution broth، were examined. Findings were described on the base of logestic regression and man-vitni exam. Findings suggested that Nystatin was able to inhibit the growth of candida species at an expanded range of concentration between 16-128 microgeram per milliliter. As well antifungal activity of Nystatin with silver nanoparticles was increased in comparision with using Nystatin alone. Introduce of nanosilver in drug formation of Nystatin can be useful in treatment of chronic vaginal candidiasis.

To assess the effectiveness of acupressure (acupuncture without needle (and synergism of acupoints in reducing and maintaining patient’s anxiety before abdominal surgeries. Participants in this randomized controlled trial were 70 patients who were scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery. Patients were randomized to an acupressure group or a placebo group, received acupressure either at the right points or at sham points for 10 mins. Anxiety [recorded on a Visual Analog Scale (0-10)] measured before, following pressure application and 30 minutes after intervention in both groups. The anxiety decreased in both group following pressure application for 10 min (P<0.001), but these effect sustained 30 mins after intervention only in acupressure group (P<0.001) not in placebo group. Comparison anxiety in following pressure application and 30 mins after intervention between groups was significant. Acupressure at the Yintang and Shen men points can decrease the anxiety level in patients before abdominal surgeries and sustained lower for 30 mins.

Microbial infections are important challenges to health, and health care officials have major difficulties dealing with them especially regarding their antibiotic resistance. The main aim of this study was to evaluate drug synergistic and anti-bacterial effects of cuminum cyminum essential oil on some pathogen bacteria.

Cuminum cyminum essential oil was extracted from its fruit. For evaluation of antibacterial effects of the essential oil, disc diffusion method through the measurement of the inhibitory zone diameter and micro-broth dilution for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on several standard bacteria were used. In evaluation of the synergistic and antagonistic effects, standard bacteria were cultured in the media containing essential oil, and antibiotic discs were, then, placed on it.

According to the results of disc diffusion test in Agar, cuminum cyminum essential oil, with a 44 mm inhibition zone, had the greatest antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus. It had the greatest positive co-action with gentamicin (10 µg) on escherichia coli.

The results of this study indicate that cuminum cyminum essential oil alone or in combination with antimicrobial agents may be useful in treatment of bacterial infections. Additionally, this component can enhance the effect of some antibiotics; this implies its application, especially in drug resistance cases.