جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کنترل عفونت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nursing care is an essential part of health care services and should be fully provided. Missed nursing care is a major threat to patient safety and health care quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount and reasons for missed nursing care in infection control and prevention from the point of view of care providers working in the medical, educational, and therapeutic center of Besat Sanandaj during 2023.

This cross-sectional study was conducteed in Besat Hospital, one of the teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research samples in this cross-sectional study included 389 nurses and midwives working in Besat Hospital who were included in the study by census. To collect data, three tools were used: a demographic information registration form, a questionnaire on the missed nursing care in infection prevention and control, and a questionnaire on factors related to missed care.

The findings of the present study showed that the average score of missed nursing care in infection prevention and control was 75.83 ± 23.28 and below the average. The most important missed nursing care from the point of view of the nurses and midwives of Besat Hospital was the use of personal protective equipment by the service personnel of the department (4.88 %), the report of the patient's infection status when transferred to another department or paraclinical unit such as radiology (3.86 %), and teaching patients about bathing before surgery (3.86 %). The most important factor of forgotten nursing care was unexpected increase in workload and number of patients in the ward (79.69 %) along with insufficient number of nursing and midwifery personnel in the ward (32.75 percent). A statistically significant relationship was observed between forgotten nursing care in infection prevention and control with the related factors (P = 0.0001), (R = - 0.1940).

The missed nursing care in the prevention and control of infection from the point of view of nurses and midwives of Besat Hospital was average. The most important factor was the unexpected increase in the workload the number of patients and the lack of personnel. The people participating in the research emphasized the role of systemic, organizational, and management factors in preventing effective infection control. Therefore, it seems necessary to reduce the factors that cause missed care with proper planning and management by reducing nurses' workload and providing budget and manpower.

due to the importance of hospital infections, the need to diagnose the causes related to it was noticed, control and attention to this important cause reduction of mortality, reduction of therapeutic interventions, reduction of hospitalization time, reduction of hospital costs and increase of supply and improvement of the level The health of the society and the satisfaction of the healthcare system.

The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive study; which was measured in 6 sections including the infection prevention and control program organization, technical guide, human resources, microbiology laboratory support, environment and isolation space standards in the field of infection prevention and control. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and analyze the data of this research. After collecting the data and entering it into the software, statistical analysis was performed.

In this study, 73.5% of hospitals partially, 4% completely, and 23.5% did not comply with the index of the organization of infection prevention and control program. In terms of the index of technical guidelines, 6% of hospitals had fully complied and 94% had complied to some extent. Also, the human power index of 100% of the hospitals has partially matched this index. Microbiology laboratory support: 25% of hospitals fully, 73.5% partially and 1.5% of them did not comply with the index.

the performance of most hospitals in the field of compliance with infection control indicators, with the exception of the budget allocation indicator with the lowest level of compliance; It was average. It is necessary for health system officials to set patterns and agendas for allocating funds to ensure infection control activities. In the context of other indicators that are weak, it is suggested that hospital management take steps to improve the mentioned indicators with more monitoring and attention and short-term planning.

 Today, out of every 5% to 10% of patients admitted to the hospital, one patient is involved in the complications of hospital infections, which has been confirmed to be directly related to the spread of these infections with the contamination of hospital surfaces. Therefore, it is very important to use an efficient method to identify microbial contamination. To this end, this study was carried out to compare the level of contamination of indoor hospital surfaces using two methods of dye detector nanosensor and microbial culture medium (traditional method).

The present descriptive study was carried out with a sample size of 400 cases on ten types of medical equipment for three months using dye detector nanosensor and microbial culture medium. The results were reported as clean and contaminated.

 According to the results, 44% of the samples of microbial culture medium and 45.5% of nanosensor samples were reported positive (contaminated). The samples obtained from static microbial culture, ventilator, and the samples obtained from nanosensor, static, and pulse oximetry were identified as the most contaminated surfaces. Also, E. coli (55.68%), Staphylococcus aureus (28.9%), and Salmonella (23.86%) were recognized as the most common microorganisms.

 The amount of contamination detected by both methods is acceptable due to the high sensitivity of both methods and lack of sterile surfaces. Therefore, in cases where only the detection of general contamination is considered, not isolation of bacteria, dye detector nanosensors can be used as a rapid method to control the contamination of surfaces instead of traditional methods.

In hospitals, the emergency department is a complex healthcare environment, and it is necessary to attention to nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of nosocomial infection program in the emergency department.

This descriptive study was conducted in hospitals of Gorgan, Iran, in 2022, using the WHO checklist with 96 questions in 9 section staff; patients, environment, equipment, drug, prevention of infections wound, urinary, respiratory, and blood. Data were collected via observation and interviews. A checklist containing 45 questions was used to determine the impact of staff awareness on the infection control program, in 4 sections oftheoretical knowledge, performing procedures, immunization, and environmental hygiene.

The results show that 82.46% of the infection control program was satisfactory. The percentage of scores for different sections of nosocomial infection program including staff, patients, environment, equipment, drug, infection prevention of wound, urinary, respiratory and blood  was 79.31, 77.78,  81.25,  83.34, 100, 44.34, 75.00, 87.88 and 100, respectively. Moreover, the percentage awareness score for emergency medicine specialists, general practitioners, medical interns, and nurses was 100, 95.83, 87.5, and 79.92, respectively.

The implementation quality of the infection control program was acceptable and satisfactory. However, some factors were lower than the desired level, which could be dangerous for medical staff, patients, and visitors. The medical staff believed that the support of the senior managers of the University was essential for the implementation of an infection control program, and also holding training courses, and accelerating data sharing.

Nosocomial infections are one of the world's health problems, and operating room personnel play a very important role in its prevention. Therefore, this study was conducted to determinate the performance of surgical technologists in infection control and related factors in Sanandaj teaching and medical hospital.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 100 people using available methods in educational and medical centers in Sanandaj. Data collection was done with a demographic questionnaire and the rate of application of infection control principles. Then the data was used using SPSS 22 software and descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

According to the results 56% of the participants were female, 66% were less than 40 years old, and 66% had an operating room bachelor's degree. The performance of 98% of the surgical technologists was good and acceptable, and among the dimensions, the highest scores were obtained for pre-operative activities and the lowest for post-operative activities. There was no significant relationship between the performance status and the application of infection control principles with age, sex, education degree, work experience and working hours (p>0.05).

In this research, the performance of surgical technologists was at an acceptable level, but there were defects in some functions such as changing masks and wearing gloves in a closed manner, which can be corrected by holding training classes.

Nosocomial infections are a major problem in modern medicine that have numerous causes and lead to many costs and complications. This study aimed to determine the observance of infection control principles by physicians and operating room staff of hospitals in Maragheh University of Medical Sciences and compare it with the standards.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020 in Maragheh. A questionnaire that was made by the researcher for each group working in the operating room units and a checklist for reviewing the operating room environment and equipment was used as special tools for data collection. Data with statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), unpaired t-test, and Pearson in SPSS 25 software were analyzed.

In total, 51 people participated in this study. 71.1% of participants were female and 28.9% were male. The average age was 34.81 ± 9.04 years. There was a significant relationship between observance of infection control standards and participation / non-participation in infection control retraining courses among anesthesia team members (p = 0.03) and surgery team members (p = 0.04). Also, there was a significant relationship between the field of study of the surgical team members and the observance of infection control standards (p = 0.047).

In general, the results of this study showed that the performance of the participants in terms of observance of infection control standards in the operating room was desirable. It is recommended that infection control retraining courses, especially for anesthesia personnel, be considered to maintain the current optimal condition as well as improve performance.

Personal protective equipment is used as an equipment to protect against various occupational injuries and prevent the transmission of infection to others. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multimedia education on the use of personal protective equipment among nurses in the pediatric intensive care units.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in the pediatric wards of Motahhari Hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences by stratified random sampling in 2019. The use of personal protective equipment by nurses before and after training was assessed by the researcher (invisibly) using a self-made checklist (with approved validity and reliability) by attending various shifts. Intervention through a CD containing multimedia on the use of personal protective equipment during various procedures consisted of two instructional videos. The data were then analyzed by SPSS software version 16 with one-way ANOVA and t-test.

The overall performance of nurses in the use of personal protective equipment after multimedia training increased significantly (p = 0.012), and the highest rate was related to mask use (0.001 > p), glasses (p = 0.012) and, gowns (p = 0.019), except for gloves (p = 0.162). Also, the highest and lowest rates of observance in different clinical procedures were related to bone marrow puncture (100%) and blood transfusion (50%) procedures, respectively.

The multimedia training program, due to its merits in meeting the educational needs of nurses, increased the use of personal protective equipments in a variety of procedures.

In the dentistry profession, since dentists and nurses are in contact with blood, mucus or infected saliva, their environment and equipment are exposed to high contamination. the prevalence of dangerous diseases among staff and patients will not be against expectations. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental nursing towards infection control and environmental health principles in the dental care centers.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 41 nurses of Dentistry School of Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Khatamolanbia and Imam Ali clinics. The data collected through a self- administered questionnaire containing questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice in the field of infection control. The data were analyzed by frequency distributions, T-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient tests using SPSS software.

The mean score of nurse’s knowledge was 7.92±1.34 (from a scale 0-13), the mean score of attitude was 97.87±5.28 (from a scale 21-105) and the mean score of practice was 35.31±4.48 (from a scale 12-48). According to the results, there was a significant and positive correlation between knowledge with attitude and also attitude with practice (p<0.05).

  According to the results, it seems that good performance of dental nurses in this research is caused by good knowledge and attitude towards infection control and environmental health principles in the dental care centers. In order to maintain this practice level, ongoing educational programs should be codified and implemented completely.

In many universities, the physical presence of dental students is required to learn the theoretical sciences and clinical skills. These students are at a high risk to get infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because aerosol production and close contact with patients is inevitable. In this review study, the challenges in educating dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and related solutions are discussed.

MEDLINE, Scopus, Ovid, and Google scholar databases were searched for relevant articles published in English until September 7, 2020. Articles with the target population of specialty/general dentistry students were included and studies associated with graduate dentists or other pandemics were excluded. After quality assessment, 49 studies were included in current review.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption in traditional face-to-face dental education which was replaced by synchronous learning. This type of learning is faced with some challenges, including lack of sufficient facilities and lack of familiarity of involved people. In this situation, teaching and assessment of theoretical modules should continue virtually with high quality. Clinical units should also be organized by grouping students in smaller numbers and more shifts while adhering to new infection control protocols. Research can also be continued on animal models and COVID-19-related subjects.

Improving the structure of theoretical and clinical education in dentistry is recommended to deal with similar crises in the future.

Nosocomial infections are one of the most important health issues around the world that impose medical costs, increase the length of hospitalization and death of many patients. Moreover, control of nosocomial infections improves the health of patients and reduces hospital costs. The aim of this study was to identify ways to prevent nosocomial infections based on the latest research.

This review article has been performed by searching nosocomial infection, medical staff performance, nurse’s performance, and standard hospital precautions keywords in various data bases including Google Scholar, SID, Elsevier Science and Magiran sites between the years 1990 to 2020.

In all review and research articles, they agreed on the importance of nosocomial infections and the principle that prevention is better than treatment. Additionally, each article provided a solution according to their research. Medical personnel can play an effective role in controlling nosocomial infections. The percentage of which was 42% among these articles.
Discussion and

Staff awareness, which was one of the significant point about controlling infection, did not have an acceptable level based on the article. Since staff play an important role in prevention of these infections, it recommends to increase their awareness. The other point was the importance of the staff hand washing with 26.3%, which should be done in calm environment and in compliance with the necessary satndards.

This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the technicians and their supervision of dental clinics in Mashhad.

In this study, the researchers examined 84 clinics and distributed the questionnaire among the technicians. The quality of the sterilization was evaluated by biological and chemical indicators and the results of the questionnaire. The biological and chemical indicators were placed inside the autoclave. The questionnaire investigated the incubation method, autoclave numbers, device performance monitoring method, indicator type, device temperature and pressure, and the number of times the device was turned on during the day, as well as the knowledge, attitude, and performance of the technicians. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19).

Based on the findings, class B autoclaves were used in only 59% of the clinics. It was revealed that 7%, 26%, and 31% of the clinics applied biological testing, chemical testing, and physical methods to assess autoclave performance, respectively. The results of biological tests were positive in 20% of clinics, and 11.9% of chemical indicators did not show sufficient color change. It was also found out the knowledge, attitude, and performance scores were significantly higher in the dental technicians than those in the physician technicians.

According to the results of this study, it is recommended that the technicians of the dental department of public clinics be dentists as well. Public clinics should pay more attention to the quality of sterilization and infection control. The improvement of the technicians' knowledge will lead to better performance and consequently to an increase in the quality of sterilization and infection control.

Lack of knowledge and proper implementation of health guidelines by hairdressers can lead to the transmission of some infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the hairdressers’ level of awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the principles of infection control in womenchr('39')s hairdressers in Abarkouh.

The study included all female hairdressers (40 hairdresser) in Abarkouh township of Yazd, Iran. To collect the data, a questionnaire containing the participants’ demographic information as well as awareness (scores range from 0 to 18), attitude (scores range from 13 to 65), and performance (scores range from 14 to 70) information was administered. A checklist was also used to evaluate the applied disinfectants.

The total mean scores related to the levels of awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers were estimated as 11.28 ±1.99, 51.98 ±4.67, and 62.13 ±5.69, respectively. Awareness scores had a significant relationship with education level (P= 0.021) and income level (P= 0.038). The performance scores had a significant association with income levels (P= 0.048). The daily disinfection frequencies were estimated daily, weekly, twice a week, and three times a week as 20%, 30%, 7.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. Based on the findings, 42.5% of hairdressers used Oven and autoclaves for disinfection. The most common disinfectants used for the hairdresserchr('39')s environment, equipment, as well as antiseptic for skins and hands were bleach, alcohol, and washing liquid, respectively.

Due to the moderate levels of awareness and attitude of hairdressers, the authorities are required to plan to hold more effective training courses and increase the awareness of barbers using different educational methods to make health programs more effective.

 The operating room is one of the most sophisticated workplaces, consisting of a vast array of electrical, gas and radiation equipment that are more susceptible to accident than other hospital departments. Therefore it is important to observe safety tips in this section. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the standard of safety in operating rooms of hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

 This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all operating rooms of hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The tool used was a checklist that was completed by researchers by observation and interviewing on-site. Safety standards have been evaluated in terms of the physical space of the operating room, fire safety, personnel safety, patient safety, infection control. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.

 The operating rooms of university-affiliated hospitals were 80.10% secure in overall safety. The patientchr('39')s safety area, with 83.34%, had the shortest distance from the standards and the infection control safety area, with 74.24%, had the highest distance from the standards. The highest and lowest scores were related to the safety standard related to the operating room of hospitals (2) and (1).

 According to the findings, the operating rooms of the studied hospitals are generally in desirable compliance with safety standards. However, it is essential to pay attention to problem areas to increase the safety factor for staff and patients in the operating room, so appropriate remedial measures should be taken to ensure complete safety of the operating room for all components.

The prevalence of nosocomial infections is increasing and emerging of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with nosocomial infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was Evaluation of the prevalence of nosocomial infections and determine antibiotic resistance in different parts of Imam Reza Hospital.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital during 1396 and 1397. Each of the patients in different wards of the hospital with nosocomial infections was enrolled. Data about patients’ age, sex, site of infection, ward of hospitalization and culture's report were collected. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method. Data analysis were done by SPSS version 16 to compute descriptive and analytical statistics.

Of 14517 patients that were investigated, 250 (%1/7) had nosocomial infections. The incidence rate was (%1/7). The Urinary Trach infection(%36/8) was the most common nosocomial infection followed by VAP(Ventilator associated pneumonia)(%23/6) and PNEU-PNV(%15/6). The most frequently isolated organisms from all sites of infections were Klebsiella (%32/4), Sitrobacter (%27/6) and Escherichia coli (%24). Three of pathogens had high resistance to third and fourth cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Inhibitor beta-lactamase, Macrolides, Carbapenems. Three of them also was resistant to Vancomycin % 100.

Multi-drug resistance in different microorganisms of this study was high. The emergence of Sitrobacter bacteria as a common microorganism with high antibiotic resistance in this study may indicate a new change in the prevalence of microorganisms in this hospital and is a serious warning.

The sterile technique is the basis of modern surgery. Therefore, sterile technique observance is required by the surgical team to preserve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of Surgical Technologists Regarding the Sterile Techniques principles observance in the operating room.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 198 surgical technologists working in hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Surgical technologists were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection was performed using the researcher-made questionnaire for the measurement of knowledge, attitude and practice of surgical technologists regarding the Sterile Techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test.

The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of surgical technologists regarding the sterile techniques, were 35.7±5.8, 28.3±3.7 and 38.7±6.5 respectively. The score of knowledge and practice was moderate and the score of attitude was good. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between knowledge and practice score with educational level and The mean score of knowledge and practice was significantly higher in the participants with bachelor’s degree as compared to the participants with associate degree(p<0.05).

According to the results, it seems necessary to promote knowledge and practice of the surgical team members by implementation of training programs, encouraging staff to upgrade their education and continuing to evaluate their knowledge and practice regarding the sterile techniques.

Successful control of hospital infections requires appropriate preventive measures, achieved when hospital staff meets the principles of infection control. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of compliance with infection and sterilization control standards in limited surgical centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in all active limited surgical centers affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (eight centers). The standard measures of infection control and sterilization were assessed in four domains including standard precautions, hand hygiene, disinfection and sterilization of equipment, and environmental health.

The rate of compliance with infection and sterilization control standards was 74% in the limited surgical centers. The rate of compliance was 55% for standard precautions, 30% for hand hygiene, 67.5% for equipment disinfection and sterilization, and 64.6% for environmental health.

The infection control and sterilization standards for hand hygiene are less adhered to in limited surgical centers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide complete, correct training on hospital infections and the ways of control for promoting the performance of staff.

Considering the importance of standards in improving the quality of health care centers and the role of sterilization units in controlling hospital infections, especially surgical site infections, a study is done with the goal of investigating compliance of structural and functional standards in sterilization units in educational hospitals in Guilan province.

This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the educational hospital of Guilan in 2019-2018 with a sterilization unit using a structured checklist in two dimensions of physical space and equipment. 30 personnel working in units using 360-degree and census method were selected using a functional checklist in 5 dimensions of health, cleaning, packing, cycle control, maintenance and storage. The data were analyzed after collection using SPSS software version22.

Physical dimension had 61/1% and equipment dimension had 71/92% of the standards. There was significant difference between different units in terms of structural dimensions (P<0.001). Also, the average performance of the employed personnel was 84/4%, which followed the principles of hygiene the weakest observation rate. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between age and performance and there was a significant positive correlation between performance, and their training course.

The need to review spaces and eliminate defects in control equipment to ensure the functioning of the devices, as well as the use of interested and young forces and the organization of regular training courses are recommended using a continuous monitoring system to promote the highest standards.