جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cause of Death » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The aim of this study was to analyze characteristic and pattern of road traffic injuries in this special aging group, as well to examine the relevance of certain injuries or risk factors to outliving the injuries.

This epidemiological, analytical, retrospective, autopsy study investigated the road traffic deaths for period between 2001 and 2022. The subjects were divided into two age groups, elderly (65 years and older) and middle aged (16-64 years old).

We included 213 (32%) elderly participants out of all 665 RTA subjects who died from sustained injuries or complications of the injuries. The majority of elderly subjects (61%) were pedestrians, and elderly participants in RTA were more likely to survive the injuries. The most common injuries among the elderly in all group of participants were chest injuries 81% (and among them, rib fractures were present in 76%). Cranio-cerebral injury is the most common cause of death in RTA subjects, singular (45%) or in combination with other causes. In the group of elderly RTA subjects complication of injury is represented in 36 subjects (17%), while as cause of death is represented in 22 subjects (10%). Elderly are less likely to have positive BAC, and even in cases when BAC was increased, the levels were on the lower scale.

More effort should be made to enhance road safety for elderly pedestrians, especially considering the expected rapid growth in the elderly population.

We aimed to evaluate the quality of the cause of death (COD) concerning mortality patterns and completeness of death registration to identify areas for improvement in Serbia.

COD data collected from the mortality register in Serbia from 2005 to 2019 (1540615 deaths) were analyzed with the software Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action. The Vital Statistics Performance Index for Quality (VSPI(Q)) is estimated for the overall COD data quality.

The completeness of death certification was higher than 98%. Usable underlying COD was registered in 57%, 24.1% with an unusable and 18.6% with insufficiently specified COD. The VSPI(Q) was 67.2%, denoting medium quality. The typical error was using intermediate COD (24.7% of all deaths), while 13.2% and 8.5% of all garbage codes (GC) belonged to the Very High and High Severity classes. The leading underlying COD is unspecified cardiomyopathy. The analysis revealed that 39.1% of GC has been redistributed to non-communicable diseases, 2.5% to external causes and 1.1% to communicable diseases.

In the 15 years' worth of data analyzed, the true underlying COD, in many cases, was ill-defined, indicating that COD data at the national level could be distorted. The additional and continuous professional education of medical students as well as physicians is needed. It should focus on the most common GC among the leading COD and acquiring skills in certifying external causes of death.

Mortality statistics serve as a crucial component in community health planning systems. The causes of death can vary across different geographical areas due to factors such as indigenous culture and lifestyle. This study aimed to investigate the mortality trends and their causes from 2015 to 2019 in Hamedan province, located in the west of Iran. This cross-sectional study examined all deaths (43,515 individuals) in Hamedan province from 2015 to 2019. Death data, including demographics and the underlying cause of death, were extracted from the mortality system of the Hamedan Health Center. Data collection utilized a checklist corresponding to the International Death Certificate issued by the WHO. Data analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 26. In 2019, the average monthly death rate was the highest compared to previous years (766.3±39.1), while this number for 2015 was 682.2±37.7. In 2019, U codes (for Emerging diseases) were used for Covid-19. The mean age of deceased females (73.3±18.2) was higher than that of deceased males (67.0±20.6), showing a significant difference (P<0.001). The top three causes of death in Hamedan during these years were cardiovascular diseases (CSDR=46.7%), neoplasms (CSDR=13.8%), and external causes of injuries (CSDR=8.8%), respectively. The analysis of the findings indicates that health plans aimed at preventing mortality factors have not been very effective. Therefore, it is recommended that health officials in Hamedan province monitor mortality data and devise effective plans to control mortality factors. As these preventive plans cannot be implemented solely by the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, other organizations in the province involved in public health need to play an effective role.

 Suicide was the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29 years worldwide in 2019, highlighting its significant impact on young people. Iran’s suicide-related mortality rate was 5.1 per 100000 population in the same year, which is lower than the global average. This study aimed to estimate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to complete suicide in Iran.

Study Design: 

A registry-based cross-sectional study.

 The data on complete suicide cases used in this study were obtained from the national suicide registry of the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO) that was registered between March 21, 2016 and March 20, 2020.

 The total number of YLL due to premature death by suicide over the four-year period was 611068 years (15.97 per 1000 persons) in males, 286847 years (7.65 per 1000 persons) in females, and 897915 years (11.86 per 1000 persons) for both genders. Moreover, the age group of 15–29 years experienced the highest YLL attributed to suicide. Furthermore, the study revealed an increasing trend of YLL due to suicide among individuals aged 30–44.

 These findings highlight the significant impact of suicide on the loss of potential years of life in Iran. The study indicates that the young and productive age groups of 15-29 and 30-44 years are particularly affected, with the highest YLL due to complete suicide. The study provides valuable insights for designing targeted and evidence-based suicide prevention programs that can reduce the burden of suicide in Iran, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.

 The child mortality rate is one of the important indicators that is influenced by various factors such as the health, economic, political, and cultural status of societies.

 The purpose of this study is to determine the causes related to the death of children aged 1 to 59 months in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) in the years 2018 to 2020 using the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases.

 The population of this descriptive study was children aged 1 - 59 months who died in the population covered by ZAUMS from 2018 to 2020. The research data were collected from the mortality surveillance system for children aged 1 to 59 months of the Vice-Chancellors for Health and Treatment Affairs of ZAUMS. The data collection tool was a checklist. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

 The death rates of children aged 1 to 59 months in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 7.6, 7.9, and 6.9 per thousand live births, respectively. The highest percentage of deaths was related to boys ages 1 to 12 months. Most of the deceased were residents of urban areas. The most common causes of death were related to respiratory system diseases, injuries, poisonings, and other specific consequences of external causes, such as congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities.

 Educating parents on timely treatment of respiratory system diseases in children, improving the knowledge of families to control accidents and take better care of children in high-risk environments where there is a possibility of burns, respiratory obstruction, poisoning, and drowning, reforming and promoting policies related to genetic screening plans to identify congenital abnormalities during pregnancy, and premarital counseling to prevent high-risk family marriages can improve children's health index.

Tadalafil is an inhibitor of the human enzyme cyclic guanosine monophosphate–specific phosphodiesterase, type 5 (PDE-5). As a mild vasodilator, it is primarily used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, an increasingly common condition in men. It is also used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Adverse events of this drug are rare. Absolute contraindications include serious cardiac disease. Despite the widespread use of tadalafil, very little is known about its toxicology in forensic pathology and its association with post-mortem redistribution. This study presents a forensic case with possible contribution of tadalafil. The administration of tadalafil might act as a concurrent cause or contributing factor for lethal cardiogenic shock in people with cardiac disease.

 Neonatal and pediatric health have a great share in global health programs. However, the neonatal mortality rate still shows unacceptable figures and statistics worldwide.

 To investigate the timing and causes of neonatal death.

 In this retrospective descriptive study conducted in neonatal care units of Mahdiyeh Hospital in Tehran, Iran, the census sampling method was used to include all the medical records of the expired neonates during 2015-2020. Neonatal and maternal demographics and health complications were recorded. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and associations were analyzed to compare factors recorded as causes of neonatal death and its timing. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

 Out of 24049 live births, 755 neonates had expired (3.1%). The expired neonates' average birth weight was 1616 ± 905 grams, and 35.9% weighed under 1000 grams. Most (80.8%) expired neonates were preterm (30.9 ± 4.8 gestational weeks), and the most common causes of neonatal death were prematurity (23.6%), congenital anomaly (19.9%), respiratory distress syndrome or RDS (19.5%), sepsis (13.2%), and asphyxia (7%). Most (60.7%) neonates died between the second and seventh days of birth.The following conditions were associated with an early-period neonatal death rather than a later-period: multiple births (OR = 2.8), normal vaginal delivery (OR = 2.03), low-birth-weight, diabetic mothers, neonatal heart disease, neonatal neurological diseases, RDS, asphyxia, familial marriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (P < 0.05). Being male (P = 0.005) or being multiple births (P < 0.0001) were associated with a higher risk of death. While 57% of mothers delivered through Cesarean section, among the expired neonates, 66.9% were delivered through Cesarean section. In expired neonates, Apgar scores were low in the first (5.71) and fifth (7.27) minutes of birth.

 Our study showed that prematurity, congenital anomaly, RDS, sepsis, and asphyxia were the most prevalent causes of death among expired neonates, respectively. Preterm birth and low birth weight were prevalent among expired neonates.
Conducting regular similar studies periodically is important to identify, manage, and reduce neonatal mortality rates as an indicator of health promotion in the country.

Exhumation is the process of removing the dead body from the grave. The reasons and time limit for exhumation may vary from country to country. After receiving a request from the Magistrate, exhumation followed by postmortem is done to gain essential evidence. To comprehensively analyze the exhumation cases done in Victoria Hospital, Bangalore, and how exhumation followed by postmortem examination aids in finding the cause of death.

All cases of exhumations performed for 10 years (from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021) in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore, were studied retrospectively. The essential data were collected from requisition forms, exhumation, and postmortem reports. The results were obtained after tabulating, and data were analyzed with an observational method.

A total of 37 exhumation cases were done during the study period. Young males in the age group of 21 to 30 years were the major population. Out of 37 cases, the cause of death was established in 25 cases (68%).

Analysis of postmortem examination in exhumed cases gives much information from a medicolegal point of view to determine the cause and reveal the mysteries behind the manner of death. Hence it is not a vain procedure.

Mortality among children under 5 years is an important health indicator. Therefore, determining the most common causes and manners of death according to the postmortem data is necessary for designing intervention programs to reduce mortality.

This study aimed to evaluate the causes and manners of death in children aged under 5 years old in Tehran, Iran using autopsy findings.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of all deaths among children aged under 5 years who were referred to the Legal Medicine Organization of Tehran, Iran, during January 2009-December 2019. The data were collected using the checklists of demographic characteristics, autopsy, toxicological findings, pathological findings, hospital records, and judicial documents, which were then analyzed.

Among 1750 children aged under 5 years old included in this study, 898 (51.3%) cases were male, and 997 (56.9%) were hospitalized. Most of the mortality cases occurred about two months after birth. The most common causes of death were found as congenital cardiovascular anomalies (14.7%), pneumonia (11.7%), and preterm labor (11%). Moreover, natural death (77.7%), accidental death (17.7%), homicide (2.7%), and unknown death (2%) were the major manners of death in these children.

Postmortem examination to determine the causes of unnatural death could help clinicians and policymakers to propose a suitable intervention for reducing the mortality rate in children under 5 years.

Determining the cause of death among drug addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses (RRCs) is of paramount importance, since it may prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the cause of death among drug addicts in RRCs in Kahrizak Dissection Hall, Tehran Province, Iran, from September 2011 to September 2019.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total number of 166 drug addicts, who had died in the RRCs located in Tehran, Iran were examined, and the findings were analyzed using the SPSS v. 26. Moreover, the Chi-square test was utilized to compare the results.

In this study, the most important causes of death, were infections, drug side effects, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and drowning, respectively. The highest frequency of death had occurred in the 31-40-year-old age group and was mostly observed in unmarried individuals. The most common causes of death were infection among the single and divorced ones and were MI for married cases. Toxicological results were generally negative in 60.84% of the cases. Also, 86.74% of the cases were non-pathological with regard to the brain tissue samples and 65.66% of the individuals had no pathological cardiac lesions. Besides, the most common microscopic findings of the lungs were associated with pulmonary edema. In the trauma group and also drug side effects and drowning groups, the most frequent pathological findings were pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, respectively. As a whole, 69.87% of the deaths had occurred in the RRCs and 55.42% of them were assumed natural in terms of mode of occurrence.

The majority of the deaths in the RRCs should not have occurred if the given centers were authorized and the illegal centers were closed. Moreover, these centers should have proper management with the presence of resident physicians and trained medical staff as well as necessary medical equipment, proper nutrition, no access to drugs and other illicit substances, along with adherence to hygienic principles to minimize mortality rates among the drug addicts living in the RRCs.

The National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR) of Iran has reported causes of death data by ICD-10 chapters for the first time in 2020.

We used this report to review the share of ICD chapters among all deaths in each province and compare them with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

There are major changes in the distribution of causes of death between 2017 and 2018, especially in D50-D89 (Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism) from 0.76% to 38.94%, and I00-I99 (Diseases of the circulatory system) from 39.27% to 7.09%. Such dramatic changes are probably the results of changes in coding practices or definitions or issues in analysis.

Causes of death reports should be timely, clear, and robust on methods. They should contain a minimum level of details, at least 3-digit ICD codes to be useful for public health and medical professionals.

Children’s mortality rate reflects the health level of the community. Therefore, accurate mapping of child mortality is one of the most important ways to reduce this rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mortality rate of children under 5 in Isfahan province in 2011–2016.

In this analytical cross‑sectional study, all mortalities of children under 5 of Isfahan province related to Child Death Care System Program during 2011–2016 were studied. Mortality rate of children was calculated. Relationship between variables [demographic characteristics, place of death (urban/rural), and underlying cause of death] and child mortality was analyzed using Chi‑square test. Mortality rate in the cities of Isfahan province was plotted on a geographical map.

Whole number of mortalities of children under 5 was 5247 cases. Most of the mortalities (60.1%) were occurred in neonatal. Mortality rate was higher in boys than girls (12.6 vs. 11.1 per 1000 live births) (P < 0.001); “mortality rate in non‑Iranians who live in Iran was more than that of Iranians (21.4 vs. 11.5 per 1000 live birth) (P < 0.001) and rural areas more than urban areas (15.2 vs. 11.4 per thousand live births) (P < 0.001).” Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period were reported as the greatest causes of death (45.9%). Congenital malformations (27.4%) and external causes of morbidity and mortality (6.7%) were the second and third causes of death. Fereidun Shahr had the highest U5MR and Khansar had the lowest U5MR.

Considering the major contribution of neonatal to the death of children under 5 and also the most important causes of death, interventions such as preventing early delivery, genetic counseling in high‑risk couples, and parent training for accident prevention can play an effective role in reducing child mortality.