جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « adolescents » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Leptin and adiponectin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. Physical activity can improve plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. 

The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases until January 2024. The present meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Mean difference and %95 confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test and publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. 

A total of 21 studies with (28 interventions) 816 overweight or obese children and adolescents were meta-analyzed. The results showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in serum leptin [P=0.001, (-0.57 to -0.19) SMD=-0.387] and a significant increase in serum adiponectin [P=0.001, (0.25 to 0.60) WMD=0.430] became overweight and obese compared to the control group. 

In general, the results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that aerobic exercise is an effective and beneficial exercise method for reducing leptin blood circulation and increasing adiponectin in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Therefore, it seems that types of aerobic exercise may be a non-pharmacological and practical intervention to regulate adipokines and reduce disorders related to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Attention deficit disorder is a problem characterized by a number of symptoms, impulsive behavior and inability to concentrate. It is necessary to reduce the problems caused by using appropriate psychological treatments. The present study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on psychological capital and school engagement among adolescents with attention deficit disorder.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. From the population of secondary school girls in the 2nd education district of Tabriz city, 40 people were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and replaced by random method in two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. The data collection was performed using Achenbach's youth self-report scale of behavioral problems (YSR), Luthans' psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ), and the student-school involvement scale (SES-4DS). In this work, the experimental group received the ACT treatment for 9 90-minute sessions while the control group was waitlisted. The collected data were analyzed using the multivariate ANCOVA.

As indicated by the findings of the present study, the ACT intervention led to a significant difference between the two groups, the value of which was equal to 60.8% and 58.8% for the psychological capital and school engagement variables, respectively (p<0.005).

it can be said that the ACT intervention is an effective and notable treatment for improving the psychological capitals and school engagement among students with attention deficit disorders.

Adolescents who are abused and neglected face many challenges, and it is imperative to pay attention to their mental health.The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of art therapy focused on compassion on the distress tolerance of abused and neglected adolescent girls.

This study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population was all abused and neglected female adolescents of Bushehr City in 2023. The sample size was 30 people selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups (15 people in either group). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes of compassion-focused art therapy, while the control group received no intervention. The instrument to gather data was Simons and Gaher's (2005) Disturbance Tolerance Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Art therapy focused on compassion was effective in tolerating the turmoil of abused and neglected adolescents. Eta squared showed that 18.5% of tolerance variance, 18.7% of absorption variance, 16.9% of evaluation variance, and 20.6% of adjustment variance are due to the effectiveness of art therapy focused on compassion (p<0.001).

Art therapy focused on compassion has been effective in increasing tolerance of emotional disturbances in abused and neglected adolescent girls. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment be used in organizations interacting with injured people to increase the tolerance of disturbance and increase their mental health.

The family's emotional climate and resilience are among the protective factors against drug use by teenagers.

The present study aimed to predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents based on the family's emotional climate with the mediation of resilience.

The research method was of the descriptive correlation type and the study's statistical population included all male students of public schools in Tehran in the first and second semesters of 2017-2018, from which 267 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research tools included the Affective Family Climate Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire-Adolescents Version. The data of the present research were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and Imus software.

The present study's results showed that the family's emotional climate (β=-0.468, P=0.001) and resilience (β=-0.246, P=0.001) predict addiction susceptibility in male adolescents negatively and meaningfully. The family's emotional climate predicts addiction susceptibility in male adolescents through the mediation of resilience (β=0.083, P=0.001).

The results of the present study emphasize the importance of the role of the family, both in terms of creating a favorable emotional climate and in terms of playing a role, as a suitable model in the emergence of behavior. It is suggested that parents also protect their children from the influence of peers and the use of tobacco and drugs by providing a suitable emotional climate.

Anxiety is considered a significant public health concern, and is one of the main psychological disorders during adolescence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive group therapy in reducing state and trait anxiety among female adolescents with anxiety.

This is an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population consists of female students in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades from a high school in Sari (District one), Iran. Of these, 30 students were selected using a convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, intervention and control. Cognitive group therapy intervention was conducted for the intervention group for 12 weekly sessions of 90 minutes. There was no intervention for the control group. Participants completed Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 22.

In the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases, the mean score of state anxiety, were 46.066±9.277, 23.533±4.763, and 33.6±10.479, respectively. For the trait anxiety, the scores were 51.533±10.246, 26.133±5.111,and 31.400±9.014, respectively. These scores showed a significant decrease in the post-test and follow-up phases compared to the pre-test phase (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the control group. Cognitive group therapy significantly reduced both state (F=17.407, P=0.001) and trait anxiety (F=17.759, P=0.001) in anxious adolescents.

The cognitive group therapy is effective in reducing state and trait anxiety of anxious female adolescents. This therapy can be used along with other psychological interventions in educational settings to reduce the psychological problems of anxious adolescents.

Children and adolescents in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) represent a crucial target population for nutritional interventions. This group is particularly susceptible to making unhealthy food choices, potentially leading to long-term consequences on their growth, and overall well-being. The objective of our systematic review is to determin the effectiveness of food and nutrition literacy interventions in influencing the dietary choices of children and adolescents in the MENA region.

We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guideline for reporting. The Search using words such as food consumption, nutrition literacy, Middle East and North Africa and its English synonyms in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases until May 1402. 257 articles were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and relevant information was recorded for each article. 257 articles were reviewed. After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts, and then the full text and comprehensive explanation of the working method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, review and related information were recorded for each article. Finally, 10 articles were selected and reviewed

The studies under review showed that interventions aimed at improving nutrition knowledge had a positive impact on nutrition-related outcomes and helped combat nutrition-related health issues. In addition, the common themes were improving nutrition knowledge, increasing awareness of the benefits and drawbacks of different foods, promoting positive changes in eating habits, addressing nutrient deficiencies, managing weight and body composition, utilizing theoretical frameworks, and evaluating the effectiveness of school-based interventions.

This review highlights the significance of nutrition education in enhancing food intake and weight management. It is recommended that future interventions be targeted towards schools and families, while utilizing behavior change models to maximize their effectiveness in improving the nutritional health of children and adolescents in the Mena region.

Internet addiction is common among teenagers and is associated with various negative consequences. The present study aimed to determine the role of dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation in predicting the addictive use of the internet in adolescents by presenting an approach based on artificial neural network.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all male students of the second year of high school studying in public schools in Ardabil City in the academic year of 2023. From this population, a sample of 264 people was selected using the multistage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Internet Addiction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Dysfunctional Attitudes. Data were analyzed using artificial neural network with multilayer perceptron method (MPL).

The results of the analysis showed that dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation play a role in predicting the addictive use of the internet in adolescents, and the artificial neural network model is able to predict well the jumps and trends of internet addiction from the variables of dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation.

In general, the results of this research suggested that dysfunctional attitudes and emotion dysregulation have a significant relationship with internet addiction. From the practical point of view, professional psychological training and interventions can improve dysfunctional attitudes, irrational cognition of self and others, and emotion dysregulation.

 Moving on steep surfaces is a demanding task in daily life, especially during walking. It poses challenges for the human locomotor system, especially for those with neuromuscular injuries or disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plantar pressure variables in healthy versus genu valgum students during walking on a sloped surface.

 This applied study was quasi-experimental and causal-comparative. The samples comprised 15 girls with genu valgum knees (between medial malleolus distance of 3.90±0.44 cm) and 15 with healthy knees (between medial malleolus distance of 0.73±0.29 cm). Plantar pressure variables were evaluated in 10 areas of the foot on the sloping surfaces at 0%, ±8%, ±10%, and ±20% in the stance phase of walking. A 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05. 

 Maximum pressure was only significant in the areas of the tarsal 1, metatarsal 2-4, and lateral rearfoot on the slopes of +8, -15, and -20 between the genu valgum and the healthy groups. The pressure was higher in the genu valgum group. Changes in the center of foot pressure on the positive and negative slopes of 8 and 15 in the genu valgum group compared to the healthy in the mediolateral direction significantly trended toward negative values.

 The study results showed that changes in the center of pressure increase the amount of foot supination by increasing the slope and decrease the amount of ankle pronation by increasing the negative slope. Therefore, slopes of -20, -15, and -8 can be suggested to improve the distribution pattern of plantar pressure in adolescent girls with genu valgum knee. However, further study in this area is warranted.

Pursuing goals can help adolescents gain a sense of meaning and purpose in life. On the other hand, failure to achieve goals can lead to depression and despair. Considering the importance of goal pursuit in adolescence, the present study aims to examine the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship of emotion regulation styles and self-determination with goal pursuit in Iranian adolescents.

This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of adolescents aged 15-19 in Tehran, Iran, of whom 503 were selected from high schools in four districts in Tehran using a convenience sampling method. They were asked to complete four questionnaires, including the persistence scale, emotion regulation inventory, emotional autonomy scale, and intrinsic motivation inventory. Data analysis was done by SEM using Amos software, version 22 and SPSS software, version 22.

The emotion regulation styles, including dysregulated (β=-0.204, P=0.001), suppressive (β=0.124, P=0.040), and integrative (β=0.359, P=0.001) had a significant relationship with goal pursuit in adolescents. Based on the Bootstrap test results, the dysregulated (β=-0.054, P=0.007) and integrative (β=0.094, P=0.001) emotion regulation styles had an indirect relationship with goal pursuit through intrinsic motivation. Self-determination had no significant relationship with goal pursuit (P=0.137, β=0.077).

In Iranian adolescents, the integrative emotion regulation style can positively affect goal pursuit by promoting intrinsic motivation. Therefore, in interventions for improving goal pursuit in adolescents, this emotion regulation style should be considered to promote their intrinsic motivation and persistence in goal pursuit.

Depression during adolescence can lead to various psychological and social problems that often persist into adulthood.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memory in adolescents.

The present study employed a multiple baseline case study design. The study population included adolescents aged 12-18 who sought treatment at non-governmental psychological clinics in the city of Rasht during the years 1401-1402. The sample size consisted of three participants selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996) and the Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Descriptive statistics, effect size, percentage of improvement, and mixed regression were used for data analysis with SPSS 24 software.

The results indicated that the cognitive-behavioral therapy package based on mental imagery significantly reduced depression symptoms in adolescents (p < 0.05) and increased meaningful self-report memories while decreasing more general self-report memories (p < 0.05).

When individuals approach specific memories through mental imagery instead of avoiding or neglecting them, hidden emotions become apparent, providing the individual with new meanings of those images and contributing to mood improvement. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memories in adolescents, it is recommended that healthcare practitioners working with individuals diagnosed with depression take note of the findings of this research.