جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « eating disorders » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small intestine, related to gluten intolerance occurring in genetically predisposed patients. This study aimed to evaluate Mediterranean diet adherence, screen eating disorders and establish the relationship between Mediterranean diet and eating disorders.

This study included 81 adults with celiac disease, and 85 without celiac disease from Rabat-Sale-Kenitra hospitals between May 2022 and Nov 2022. The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was used to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet and SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen eating disorders.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in age (P=0.000), weight (P=0.041), height (P=0.000) and non-adherence to Mediterranean diet (P=0.032). Participants without celiac disease reported a significantly (P=0.032) lower adherence score to the Mediterranean diet (62.35%) than participants with celiac disease (29.62%). Additionally, the results of the Khi2 test which revealed a significant association between MDSS and SCOFF (P=0.024). In addition, based on logistic regression the Mediterranean diet Serving Score was significantly associated with eating disorders (P=0.025) in adults with celiac disease, on the other hand, weight, height, BMI and MDSS were significantly associated with eating disorders in adults without celiac disease.

Our study showed good adherence to the Mediterranean diet by celiac adults so it can be assumed that the Mediterranean diet could have a protective effect against eating disorders in celiac patients.

 It was argued that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown could affect eating disorders (EDs) by triggering EDs behaviors and exacerbating existing symptoms. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on body image of women with EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all people with physical image disorder from September to October 2021. Thirty-four were selected using a purposeful sampling method. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 120-minute online treatment, one session per week. The control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the experimental group. Measurement tool was Cash Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). The experimental group received eight sessions of EFT; however, the control group did not receive such training. The research data were examined through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS software.

 The intervention yielded more substantial outcomes concerning the variables mentioned in the experimental group, surpassing the impact observed in the control group. Based on the scores from the appearance assessment scales (F = 0.39, P < 0.001), appearance orientation (F = 196.71, P < 0.001), and satisfaction with body area (F = 0.25, P = 0.61), there was a significant difference between the two groups. According to the eta-squared (η2), the appearance orientation scale had the most significant impact on the effectiveness of EFT. This means that only 0.87% of the difference in appearance orientation scores after the test could be attributed to the therapy's effectiveness.

 Given the results of the current study and the research background, EFT can be recommended as an efficient interventional method to improve women’s body image.

Cerebral palsy (CP) can cause motor, sensory, cognitive, and communicative problems and poor feeding performances in children. Feeding problems could be life-threatening and negatively affect cognitive and physical growth. This study investigates the frequency of response to oral motor skills, the frequency and severity of feeding problems, and the relationship between age and oral motor skills with feeding problems in children with CP aged 2 to 7 years.

This was an observational and cross-sectional study. The participants were 60 children (26 girls and 34 boys) with CP with a mean age of 4.76±1.71 years. The screening tool for eating problems and oral motor assessment scale assessed participants’ feeding and oral motor skills. The Spearman test determined the correlation between age and oral motor dysfunctions with feeding problems.

The present study revealed that 80% of participants indicated feeding problems in the screening tool of the eating problems test. Problems with feeding skills (51.5%) were the most frequent. Furthermore, the most frequent response of participants to “closing the lips while feeding with a spoon” was 46.7%, and “sucking with straw,” equaled 55.0%,” which was passive. For other items, the most frequent response of the examinees was “functional.” Finally, the results showed no significant correlation (P<0.05) between age and mean scores of frequency and severity of feeding problems. A significant negative correlation was found between mean scores of oral motor skill with frequency (P<0.001, r=-0.476) and severity (P=0.001, r=-0.424) of feeding problems.

The majority of children with CP have problems with feeding and oral motor skills. Some skills in the fields of feeding and oral motor should be noticed more by speech-language pathologists and included in their therapeutic program, especially “feeding skills,” “closing the lips while feeding with a spoon,” and “sucking with straw.”

To understand the consequences of an invalidating environment, it is essential to have a measurement tool with appropriate statistical properties. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to render the ICES (Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale) into Persian and subsequently evaluate the psychometric attributes of this translated version.

Data were collected from 1221 nonclinical participants, including 1053 females and 168 males, who were students at medical universities in Tehran, Iran. Several questionnaires, such as the ICES, CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), DTS (Distress Tolerance Scale), BIS-11 (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), Self-Compassion Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and EAT-26 (Eating AttitudesTest) were used in the study. The data sets were investigated through SPSS and R language to evaluate the ICES' reliability and construct validity. Additionally, Item Response Theory (IRT) was employed with the Graded Response Model (GRM) to measure the psychometric properties of each item in terms of difficulty and discrimination parameters.

Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both single-factor and two-factor models fit well for both maternal and paternal versions of the ICES. The internal consistency, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was high and satisfactory for both maternal (0.87) and paternal (0.87) versions. Notably, the IRT analysis revealed that item 9 performed poorly in both maternal and paternal versions. Compared to the one-factor model, the two-factor model demonstrated a superior fit. Additionally, the test-retest reliability of the ICES over two months demonstrated good reliability for both maternal and paternal versions (0.98). Divergent and convergent validity analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between childhood invalidation environment and distress tolerance (r = 0.175, P < 0.01) as well as self-compassion (r = 0.142, P < 0.01), which were inversely related to the ICES. Furthermore, there was a considerably positive correlation between the invalidating environment experienced during childhood and impulsivity, as evidenced by r = 0.196 and P < 0.01.

This study established the favorable psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ICES, indicating that this version is reliable and valid to assess the Invalidating Childhood Environment in the Iranian population. However, further investigations are warranted to reevaluate its validity and reliability.

Binge eating disorder is a type of eating behavior disorder that occurs with voluntary limitations in eating food. It has a psychological and social origin and is one of the concerns of the World Health Organization. The present study explains the relationship between perfectionism and binge eating disorder in female college students and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation.

In this descriptive-correlation study, data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the female college students of Isfahan City, Iran, in October and November 2022. A total of 214 students were selected by the available sampling method. The participants answered the perfectionism inventory (PI, 2004), the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ, 2001), and the binge eating severity (BES, 1982). The data were analyzed using EMOS 22 software and SEM.

The results showed that adaptive cognitive regulation strategies could negatively mediate the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and eating disorder (P<0.01, β= -0.113) while positively and significantly mediating the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and eating disorder (P<0.01, β=0.124).

Based on the results, physicians and therapists can incorporate cognitive regulation techniques into eating disorder treatments and help individuals manage perfectionism and negative thoughts. Additionally, educational programs can be developed in counseling centers, schools, and universities to empower individuals to recognize signs and seek help promptly.

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe difficulties with eating behavior and emotions, increasing among medical students.

Since social support can play a preventive role, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between these conditions considering COVID-19-related anxiety.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 at Alborz medical science university, Iran, on 282 medical students who were selected randomly. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire were used to collect data. The chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were utilized via SPSS software version 23. The level of significance is below 0.05.

In this study, 153 (51.1%) participants were men. The average age (SD) of respondents was 22.06 (1.65). The prevalence of medical students was 17% at risk for eating disorders. Logistic regression indicated that a low level of perceived social support (OR, 14.91; 95% CI, 3.49 – 63.64), a moderate level of COVID-19-related anxiety (OR, 6.36; 95% CI, 2.96 – 13.63), being obese (OR, 6.31; 95% CI, 1.75 – 22.68), and being female (OR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.13 – 14.62) were significantly related to being at risk of EDs.

Based on the results, the high prevalence of tendency to eating disorders should be taken seriously among medical students. Strong evidence was provided regarding the need for screening and enhancing the perceived social support of medical students.

Anorexia nervosa is a refusal to maintain the lowest normal body weight, a severe fear of weight gain, and a significant impairment in body image. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on psychological distress, body image, and eating disorder beliefs in anorexic patients. The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients with eating disorders referred to obesity and wasting treatment centers in Tehran, among which 30 patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The pre-test (Eating Disorder Beliefs Questionnaire) was run before the intervention; then, the intervention was conducted on the experimental group, but no intervention was carried out for the control group. The data were obtained by using the eating disorder beliefs questionnaire, the psychological distress questionnaire, and the body image concern inventory. They were analyzed by using the multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS.22 software. The results showed that cognitive behavior therapy led to the decrease of psychological distress (P<0.001), the body image concern (P<0.001), and the eating disorder beliefs (P<0.001). It can be concluded that cognitive behavior therapy reduces psychological distress, body image concerns, and eating disorder beliefs.

Obesity and overweight are important factors in increasing psychological problems such as anxiety, mood, and personality disorders, which are components of mental health, and the occurrence of high-risk behaviors. Therefore, not only overweight can endanger the physical health, but also it can be a significant threat to the mental health of people.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health training program based on eating disorders on the positive and negative aspects of mental health in overweight women.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included overweight women referred to clubs and health centers in Kangavar, Iran, in 2019. Using the available sampling method, a total of 30 participants were selected and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions once a week at an eating disorder-based mental health training program, while the control group received no intervention. The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Lutz Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed that the training program based on eating disorders led to a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the overall scores of general health and the positive and negative aspects of mental health (P ≤ 0.05).

According to the results of the present study, this educational program can be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the positive mental health of overweight women. So, along with other effective interventions, it should be on the agenda of psychologists, counselors, and behavioral scientists dealing with overweight people.

One of the main indications for cognitive behavioral treatment is eating disorders (CBT). This study examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on communication skills and eating disorders among high school adolescents. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design composed of a pre-test and post-test design in experimental and control groups. A total of 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups through a multistage cluster sampling method. Cognitivebehavioral therapy was performed in nine 60-minute sessions for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Queendom’s Communication Skills Test-Revised Inventory (2004) and Garner’s Eating Disorders Questionnaire (Garner, 1979) were used to collect data. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 24.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc.), and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The Mean±SD of communication skills in the Case group in pre-test and post-test were as follows:75.15±6.67, 81.75±6.04. The Mean±SD of Eating Disorders in the Case group in pre-test and post-test were as follows:36.5±1.71, 36.95±3.44 The results obtained from the analysis of covariance showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant effect on communication skills and eating disorders (P=0.01). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be adopted as a suitable method of improving communication skills and the treatment of eating disorders in adolescent students

Eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent in adolescents and young adults, leading to various psychiatric and physical complications that affect the quality of life and even mortality.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-esteem in the relationship of perfectionism and negative reactivity with EDs.

This descriptive study was performed on 302 students selected from the University of Tehran during 2018 - 2019. The data collection tools were the ED Examination-Questionnaire Short form, Self-esteem Scale, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire-Short Form, ED Inventory-Perfectionism Scale, and Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that EDs had significant positive correlations with perfectionism (r = 0.4, P = 0.01) and general negative reactivity (r = 0.53, P = 0.01). On the other hand, these disorders had a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (r = -0.48, P = 0.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.53, P=0.01). Self-esteem had a negative significant relationship with perfectionism (r = -0.12, P = 0.05) and negative reactivity (r = -0.68, P = 0.01). Moreover, self-efficacy had a negative significant relationship with perfectionism (r = -0.28, P = 0.01) and negative reactivity (r = -0.5, P = 0.01). The findings of path analysis showed that self-esteem and self-efficacy played mediating roles in the relationship of negative reactivity and perfectionism with EDs. Negative reactivity directly affected eating pathology (t = 1.27, ß = 0.13) but is not significant.

Our findings showed that self-esteem and self-efficacy are protective factors against the negative effects of perfectionism and negative reactivity. Therefore, self-esteem and self-efficacy can be considered as parts of prevention and treatment programs for EDs.

Decreased levels of physical activity (PA) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can cause physical and psychological problems for individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PA, body image, and eating disorders (EDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic among high school girls in Farsan, Iran.  This was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, and the research population included female high school students from Farsan, Iran, who were studying in 2019-2020. In this regard, 535 high school girls (age: 15.95 ± 1.42, weight: 53.07 ± 10.01, BMI: 20.14 ± 3.48) were selected based on cluster-random sampling to participate in the study. Multidimensional Body Self-relation Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Baecke’s Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) were used to collect data, and Pearson correlation coefficients were administered to establish statistical relationships.  The results indicated significant positive correlations between body image and PA levels (r = 0.304, P = 0.001). However, no significant correlations were observed between body image and anorexia nervosa (AN) (r = -0.035, P = 0.424), bulimia nervosa (BN) (r = -0.033, P = 0.446), and binge ED (r = -0.041, P = 0.339). Likewise, no relationships were observed between PA and AN (r = 0.084, P = 0.052), BN (r = 0.073, P = 0.092), as well as binge ED (r = 0.071, P = 0.099).  During the COVID-19 pandemic, PA was positively associated with body image but not with EDs. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that PA improved body image in adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Previous studies have shown that childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) plays a role in development of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs). Difficulty in emotion regulation is another factor influencing disordered eating. This study was directed to examine the association between CEM and DEB among students, by considering the emotion dysregulation as a mediator.

This correlational study was conducted in form of a cross-sectional design, using structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data collected from 401 non-native undergraduate students through convenience sampling method. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess childhood emotional abuse and neglect. Emotion dysregulation and DEB were respectively measured using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Eating Attitude Test (EAT).

The partial mediation model of difficulties in emotion regulation in the association between CEM and DEB among male and female students had a good fit to the data. The outcomes of the gender specificity of structural relations in the model confirmed gender invariance of the structural model. All regression weights in the model were statistically significant and the CEM and emotion dysregulation variables accounted for 22%, 17%, and 35% of the variance of DEB among the entire sample, female students, and male students, respectively.

The outcomes are in line with research findings suggesting a relationship between CEM and DEB and confirm the role of emotion dysregulation as a mediator. The results highlight the importance of assessment of childhood experiences in treatment of eating disorders and introduce emotion regulation as a significant target for intervention.

Due to the role of recognition in eating disorders, the identification of core beliefs and cognitive schemas becomes debatable. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in psychological distress, body image, and eating disorder beliefs in anorexic patients.

This was an applied quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with an eating disorder, attending the psychological, clinical psychiatric, and obesity treatment centers in Ahvaz, Iran, within the age range of 16-23 years in 2019. The subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method. In this study, the pretest (i.e., filling out the Eating Disorder Beliefs Questionnaire [EDBQ]) was performed before the schema therapy intervention. Then, the intervention was conducted on the experimental group; however, no intervention was carried out for the control group. After the termination of the treatment sessions (12 sessions of 45 min), the posttest was performed. Finally, 3 months following the termination of the treatment, the follow-up test was conducted. The data were obtained using the EDBQ, Psychological Distress Questionnaire, and Body Image Concern Inventory. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software (version 22).

The results of the present study showed that schema therapy led to a decrease in psychological distress (F=157.36, P<0.0001, Eta=0.89), body image concern (F=8.03, P<0.001, Eta=0.29), and eating disorder beliefs (F=13.85, P<0.0001, Eta=0.91).

It can be concluded that schema therapy reduces psychological distress, body image concerns, and eating disorder beliefs

Persian medicine (PM) takes a holistic approach towards diagnosis and management of disease states, focusing on the connections between body systems and organs. Menstrual disorders are of utmost importance in women, as they may lead to dysfunctions in other body systems. Deeming a mutual relationship between the gastrointestinal and female reproductive systems, PM physicians believed in a gut-uterine axis to exist. Ehtebas-e Tams (ET), meaning menstrual retention, is not an exception, being accompanied by gastrointestinal morbidities including digestive disorders, nausea, heartburn, food craving and pica, reduced appetite, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. Considering polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as an instance of ET, we searched studies to investigate these correlations. While a number of the mentioned ET symptoms were confirmed by contemporary studies, others had not been investigated widely and are yet to be elucidated. Conducting studies to clarify such correlations has implications in improved diagnosis and novel modes of treatment.