جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آویشن شیرازی » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Plant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage.

Blue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is considered one of the most serious postharvest diseases of apple fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of thyme methanol extract to control the postharvest blue mold of apple fruit and its possible modes of action through on induction of biochemical defense mechanisms. In this study, the effect of thyme methanol extract was tested on spore germination and colony growth in vitro and peroxidase activity and total phenolic in fruit tissue were evaluated by calorimetric assay. The results showed the inhibitory activity of thyme extract on P. expansum. The extract with 8-20 µg/ml concentrations had 17-33% and 24-36% inhibition of spore germination and colony growth diameter, respectively. Thyme extract decreased blue mold area by 23.63-61.20% and the most effective extract was at 13.88 mg/ml concentration. The relationship between time and thyme extract concentration in relation to decay area was described by the quadratic model. Fruits treated with thyme extract had significantly higher phenolic content and peroxidase activity than the control fruits. The highest content of phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity were achieved in the 6th and 9th days after inoculation. The results of the induction of resistance in this study suggest that the natural products used have the potential for use in the integrated management of blue mold.

Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria is an opportunistic bacterium that can reduce the use of chemical and synthetic drugs by using medicinal plants to inhibit its growth in food. Considering the antibacterial properties of three plants, Yarrow, Lavender and Thyme, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial and synergistic effects of these three plants against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. In this study, Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria was first prepared from fish samples and confirmed by biochemical and PCR methods. Then extraction was done by maceration method and the sensitivity of isolated bacteria was checked by disk diffusion method in Mueller Hinton culture medium. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants was investigated. According to the results, the prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria was 5%. The isolated bacteria were resistant to all the investigated antibiotics. The lowest inhibitory concentration and the lowest lethal concentration were related to the yarrow plant, which shows its stronger antibacterial effects than the other two plants. The highest lethality concentration was reported for lavender plant, and this difference was statistically significant compared to other two plants (p<0.05). In general, tracking the prevalence of these pathogens in aquatic animals, along with investigating the prevalence of drug resistance and using alternative treatments such as the use of medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties that can overcome drug resistance and prevent the further spread of these factors in the aquaculture industry It seems necessary.

This study aimed to explore the impact of injecting Zataria multiflora essence on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in preweaning calves. Fifteen Holstein calves, aged 3-8 days with an average weight of 40.7±0.70 kg, were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group receiving a placebo, a group receiving 100 mg/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil (MZ100), and a group receiving 200 mg/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil (MZ200) via injection. The growth performance, daily feed intake, blood parameters, fecal appearance consistency, and feces microbial population calves were assessed. The results of this study showed that the MZ200 group exhibited the highest feed consumption and body weight compared to the control (p<0.05). Blood glucose concentration was highest in the control group and lowest in the MZ100 group 24 hours' post-injection and one month later (p<0.05). Microbial population analysis revealed that the control group had the highest fecal Escherichia coli population, while the MZ200 group had the lowest (p<0.05). The injection of 200 mg/kg of Zataria multiflora essential oil at birth appeared to enhance calf growth, improve feeding efficiency, and positively influence some blood parameters.

Fresh sausages are classified as one of the most perishable meat products due to the lack of using chemical preservatives.

The present study aimed to increase the refrigeration time of fresh sausages using Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil.

In this study, samples of fresh sausages, containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 %), were prepared and stored under the refrigerated condition for 17 days. Subsequently, they were evaluated for microbial, chemical, and sensory properties at six time intervals (days 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 17).

Based on the results of the study, by adding Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil to fresh sausages, the microbial count in the treatments containing high concentrations of essential oil (0.1 and 0.2 %) was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The amount of volatile nitrogen bases at the beginning of the study was 14 mg/ 100 g and after six days, in the control group, it reached 32.1 mg/ 100 g. Meanwhile, in the treated samples, it was less than 25 mg/ 100 g up to day 10. Moreover, at the end of the study, the level of TBARS in the control group reached 1.48 mg malondialdehyde /kg while this level was less than 0.78 mg malondialdehyde / kg for the groups treated with Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil. The results of this study also showed that the addition of essential oil has a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on sensory properties.

Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil was found to have the potential to increase the shelf life of fresh sausages without adverse sensory effects.

Medicinal plants have a long history in the treatment of parasitic diseases and are usually free of side effects. Removing and killing tomonts and theronts of this parasite can prevent the parasite pathogenicity in fish.

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Zataria multiflora on both free and parasitic life stages.

Three soluble forms of Zataria multiflora extract (80 ml/L) were prepared, which contained freshly prepared solution, stored solution at room temperature for one month and stored solution at refrigerator for one month. Afterwards, different dilutions were prepared for each of the solutions and the tomonts and Theronts were treated with different dilutions of the extract.

Zataria multiflora extract can kill all theronts at concentrations of 20 ml/L during 6.04 to 6.37 min and concentration of 10 ml/L during 31/2 to 32.4 min, respectively. However, at these concentrations, only 3.46-6.11 % of tomonts were killed herein after 4 hours.

Tomonts were found to be more resistant to the parasiticides than theronts. The use of Zataria multiflora extract significantly reduced tomont reproduction and decreased Ich infectivity prevalence and intensity. Zataria multiflora extract prevented Ich infestation in naive fish and effectively treated infected fish.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thyme, peppermint, cumin, dill, and fennel essential oils on Escherichia coli isolated from poultry feces. The essential oil of the plants used was obtained with a Clevenger Apparatus. Escherichia coli strains were isolated from poultry feces, isolated, and finally the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were determined by Fine-grained method. All strains of Escherichia coli at concentrations, 1.56 mg/ml were inhibited by both thyme and peppermint. The MBC (3.12 mg / ml) for Zataria multiflora and peppermint has inhibited one- and two-way, respectively. All Escherichia coli strains at concentrations of 0.63 mg/ml were inhibited by all three cumin, dill, and fennel plants. The MBC (1.25 mg / ml) for cumin has led to double-sided control, but the concentration for dill and fennel was 5 mg/ml. The results showed that cumin, thyme, peppermint and then fennel and dill essential oils, respectively, with emphasis on the effectiveness of cumin essential oil, can be useful alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents to treat infections caused by Escherichia coli bacteria.

Zataria multiflora Boiss is a thymelike plant from the Lamiaceae family. It has some properties such as: disinfectant, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antibacterial activities and decreases blood's pressure, glucose and lipid. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss on pituitary – thyroid axis (TSH, T3 and  T4)  hormones in male wistar rats.

48 male wistar rats weighing 200±l0g were divided into six groups of eight: The experimental groups received 100,200,300 and 400 mg/kg/day of hydroalcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss for 28 days intraperitoneally. The sham group received only 0.2ml distilled water as solvent. Control group received nothing. 24h after the last administration, blood samples were collected and serum of samples was separated.Blood concentration of T3, T4 and TSH were measured by RIA.

TSH, T3 and T4 hormones concentrations showed increase in experimental groups compared with the control group. These increases were significant for both T3 and T4 in experimental groups 3 and 4 compared with control group and for TSH in experimental group 4 compared with control group.

According to the negative feedback mechanism, increased blood concentration of T3 and  T4 decreases TSH. Increased TSH level in this study may be due to effects of different chemical compounds of extract which waste  negative feedback of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis or induce resistance in Pituitary gland to not decrease TSH. Performing additional studies, Zataria multiflora extract can be used in hypothyroidism treatment.

The current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of Z. multiflora powder in diet for 42 days. At the end point, blood specimens were taken from wing vein and after the preparation of the serum samples, the following biochemical factors were measured using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein as well as hepatic enzymes activates including, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The number of lymphocytes and heterophiles also were counted. Furthermore, immunoglobulin contents were measured in serum samples. The obtained results showed that the herbal supplement can significantly alter all of the aforementioned factors in both races compared to the control. In addition, racial differences of the parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, lymphocytes, heterophiles, ALT activity and IgM were recorded in control groups. Conclusively, supplementation with Z. multiflora powder can improve hematological and biochemical parameters in both races. However, the immunoglobulin contents did not change remarkably and seems like the higher amounts of the herbal powder should be used to improve immunological responses.

Recently, herbal supplements have replaced the synthetic ones, due to several advantages. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried powders of aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L and Zataria multiflora on hematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and antibody titter resulted from Newcastle and Gumboro vaccines. One hundred and twenty 1-day ROSS (308) chickens with 4 treatments and 3 replicates containing 20 birds in each were kept for 42 days.  The treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet); 2) Pennyroyal (200 mg/kg Pennyroyal + basal diet); 3) Thyme (200 mg/kg thyme + basal diet), 4) the combination (200 mg/kg+200 mg/kg of both herbal supplements + basal diet). The following hematological parameters were measured in the serum samples using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, high, low and very low density lipoprotein. The activities of 3 key antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase as well as malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Vaccination was done based on the regional standards and primary and secondary antibody titters were measured against Newcastle and Gumboro using HI and ELISA methods, respectively, 10 days after the last vaccination. The obtained results showed that the essential oils of the plants contain numerous active biocompounds and herbal supplements could alter biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Generally, the activities of superoxide dismutase was increased but catalase was decreased. Moreover, the activity of glutathione peroxidase remained constant. In addition, malondialdehyde content was declined but total antioxidant capacity was elevated. Furthermore, the secondary titers of the antibodies were significantly increased. The results of this study showed that supplementation with pennyroyal and dill dried powders can improve hematological parameters, enhance the antioxidant potency and immune system of broiler chickens. However, apparently the combination of the both plants has synergistic effects.

The effect of stocking density and dietary aflatoxin B1 along with rosemary and thyme powders on intestinal digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout was evaluated. Total of 600 fish with an average weight of 90±3 were randomly allotted among six experimental groups consisted of two stocking density (15 and 45 kg.m-3), aflatoxin contamination (0 and 50 ppb) with/without including 4 % herbal blend powder (2% rosemary and 2% thyme). Each treatment was replicated thrice and the experiment was lasted for 6 weeks. Stocking at high density and receiving aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet resulted in higher digestive enzymes activity including amylase, lipase and alkaline protease (p≤0.05). It seemed that including herbal blend consisting of rosemary and thyme powder could mitigate pathologically elevated digestive enzymes activity due to dietary aflatoxin contamination (p≤0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of rosemary and thyme multi-blend in aflatoxin contaminated diets at the studied level could ameliorate undesirable effects of aflatoxin on intestinal digestive enzymes activity of rainbow trout reared at various densities.

Nowadays, plant essential oils are more attractive to consumers as alternatives to chemical preservatives. In addition, consumers' desire to consume probiotic products is increasing, so it is important to produce probiotic cultures that are resistant to probiotic bacteria and herbal essences. And ketchup is a product that is very commonly used.

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Zataria Multiflora Boiss and Rosmarinus Officinalis essential oils was determined by probiotic bacteria Bacillus coagulans by agar dilution method. Ketchup containing bacteria and each of the essential oils were produced separately and together, and the specimen lacked essential oil and bacteria as control. PH, acidity and probiotic counting factors were performed at intervals of 24 hours, 72 hours, one week, two weeks and one month after the production of sauce samples. Finally, sensory evaluation was performed using a 5-point Hedonic test.

MIC of Zataria Multiflora Boiss and Rosmarinus Officinalis was obtained from 0.03% and 0.3%, respectively. The results of chemical and microbiological tests have a significant correlation. pH is declining in most samples, microbial count is declining in all samples and acidity is rising. In the sensory evaluation, the best sample in the overall acceptance index of the control sample (without bacteria and essential oil), followed by treatment with bacteria and essential oil of Zataria Multiflora Boiss, were detected.

The antimicrobial effect of Zataria Multiflora Boiss is more than Rosmarinus Officinalis. Bacillus coagulans is a resistant probiotic bacterium, but ketchup is not a good carrier for probiotic bacteria compared with other food products such as dairy products and cooked foods.

Recently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality and gut microbial count of broiler chickens were investigated. This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 120 broiler chickens of Ross strain in 4 different feed treatment groups and 3 replicates consisting of 10 chickens each. The treatment groups consisted of T1 (Control) fed with basic diet (without plants), T2 fed with basic diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Mentha pulegium, T3 fed with diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Zataria multiflora and T4 fed with diet containing a mixture of 200 mg/kg dried Zataria multiflora and 200 mg/kg dried Mentha pulegium for 6 weeks. All chickens were weighed weekly and at the end of the experimental period, growth characteristics including carcass weight, thigh weight and breast weight and intestinal microbial total count were measured in each group. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test in SPSS 19. The results showed that the mean weight, the weight of thighs and breasts between treatment groups were not statistically significant but the intestinal bacterial count was decreased by these supplements (p<0.05). The maximum microbial load was observed in the control group (T1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of these supplements in chicken feed reduces intestinal microbial counttherefore organic and safe meat production can be expected.

Enterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning through the consumption of contaminated dairy products. Essential oil (EO) of Zataria multiflora Bioss. contains components with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Z. multiflora Boiss. EO on S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Extraction and gas isolation of the EO was provided and analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 84 samples of raw milk from a dairy farm in Semnan were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from raw milk. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled EO of Z. multiflora Boiss was analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 compounds representing 98.59% of the oil were identified: carvacrol (50.53%), thymol (14.7%), p-cymene (7.9%), Carvacryl acetate (3.85%) and Trans-caryophyllene (3.4%). The MIC of Z. multiflora Boiss. Using broth microdilution method, MIC of EO on all of the S. aureus isolates was estimated at 0.0001-0.004. Based on results, the EO ofZ. multiflora Boiss possesses antibacterial activity on S. aureus isolated from raw milk.

The use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal plants containing mainly thymol and carvacrol, with well-known antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of thyme powder (Zataria multflora) on growth performance and serumic parameters of young common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, two hundred and forty fish, with initial weight of 20/27±5.13 g, were distributed among the treatments. Food was made with adding the powdered thyme in 4 formulations with 0 (control or Group 1), 50 (Group II), 100 (Group III) and eventually 150 ppm (Group IV) with a size of 4.3 mm. It was fed to the fish 3 to 4 times a day at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and serumic parameters including total protein, albumin and globulin were measured and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the values of the variables studied in different treatments. Results showed that the average weight in group 3 (57/11±4/37) was significantly (p<0/05) increased compared to the control group (38/49±2/61) and other treatments. Specific growth rate followed this pattern and the average of group 3 (1/87±0/17) was significantly (p<0/05) greater than the control as the minimum value (1/08±0/14) and the other groups. There was a significant difference in the amounts of total protein (p=0/005) and globulin (p=0/017) between the 4 groups. Based on the results, powdered thyme is effective in improving growth and serumic parameters of common carp (C. carpio).