جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بز » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Storing spermatozoa in a cold environment decreases spermatozoa metabolism while maintaining sperm fertility. Because of their unique physiological characteristics, sperm cells’ reproductive ability in small ruminants is reduced by cooling. This study aimed to assess the impact of supplementing chilling medium with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the quality parameters of buck’s semen after chilling at 4°C. Semen was collected, diluted, and divided into five groups with different CoQ10 supplementation concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM CoQ10). Collected semen were stored at 4°C for 50 h. The motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, viability, and lipid peroxidation were measured after 0, 25, and 50 h of chilling. According to the findings, different concentrations of CoQ10 had no impact (P>0.05) on semen at time 0 of storage. After 25 and 50 h of storage, supplementing the chilling medium with 5 µM CoQ10 increased (P≤0.05) progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), viability, mitochondrial activity, and membrane integrity compared to other groups. Furthermore, 5 µM CoQ10 produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) after 25 and 50 h than the other groups. Adding 5 µM CoQ10 to the buck’s semen cooling medium is an effective procedure for protecting the quality of buck spermatozoa during cooling storage.

Semen contamination is a detrimental factor in decreasing fertility. Seasonal changes may affect the contamination, too. 

This study was designed to detect semen contamination in ovine and caprine during different seasons. 

Six fully mature male sheep and goats were subjected to electro-ejaculator collection twice monthly from February 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023 (Spring, February 1, 2022-April 30, 2022; Summer, May 1, 2022, July 31, 2022; Autumn August 1, 2022, October 31, 2022; Winter November 1, 2022, January 31, 2023), for studying the seasonal effect. A total of 288 semen samples were collected from both species (36 samples from each per season). All samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. 

The results indicated that sheep semen had 4 different types of bacterial contamination with a higher number in contaminated samples than goat, which showed 5 different bacterial isolations. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in bacterial contamination with regard to different seasons. 

Different seasons appear not to affect bacterial contamination of semen in sheep and goats. Meanwhile, isolating all bacteria types was considered normal flora in both small ruminant species.

The paper describes the first documentary evidence of intestinal histoplasmosis in Indian goats.

Case description:

 A goat flock in delta region of Tamil Nadu with a report of mortality of eight animals with the history of inappetence, constipation, tenesmus and hematochezia. Three goat carcasses were presented for necropsy.

Findings/treatment and outcome:

 Postmortem examination showed mesenteric lymphadenomegaly with greyish yellow viscous contents. Ileum contained scattered dark brownish tubular concretions inside the lumen. Colon and caecum had scattered firm serosal and mucosal nodules with caseous exudate. Lumen contained viscous haemorrhagic content. Mucosa of the colon showed numerous tiny ulcers. Urinary bladder serosa showed a focal firm nodule with caseous exudate and irregular firm mass. Microscopically, lung revealed oval inclusions with clear halo in pulmonary macrophages. Caecum and colon showed ulcers with necrotic core. Necrotic border showed multinucleated giant cells and oval bodies with clear halo. Mesenteric lymph node and urinary bladder revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with aggregation of macrophages filled with numerous tiny inclusions. Periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott’s methanamine silver staining techniques and morphological features of the inclusion confirmed it as Histoplasma capsulatum. The case showed a resemblance with human colonic histoplasmosis.

This report documents the first incidence of intestinal histoplasmosis in goats. Interestingly, the intestinal form of histoplasmosis is considered to be common in humans and it showed similarity with human disease in goats based on the gross and microscopic lesions.

Osteodystrophia fibrosa (ODF) is a metabolic disorder affecting the skeletal system, causing progressive loss of calcified bone mass and its replacement with fibrous tissue, which may be a sequel to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This report intends to document the clinicopathological findings of ODF in a flock of young goats fed primarily on a wheat bran-rich diet.

Case description: 

In a flock of 50 stall-fed goats aged 1 to 2 years, seven were clinically presented with bilateral facial enlargement, leading to dyspnea and difficulty in prehension and mastication. Among the seven clinically affected goats, four died in 2 months.

Findings/treatment and outcome: 

The clinical examination revealed bilateral mandibular enlargement and limb deformities. On radiography, the maxilla and mandible had decreased radiopacity. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the affected bones showed occasional fibroblasts and individual osteoclasts clusters. On necropsy, the enlarged mandible revealed a meaty consistency. Undecalcified histological sections of the mandible showed severe osteopenia, multiple osteoclasts, Howship’s lacunae, and extensive fibroplasia. Dietary corrective measures led to the prevention of ODF in the rest of the flock.

Excessive wheat bran feeding in stallfed goats might have led to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, resulting in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and subsequent skeletal deformities. FNAC of the affected bones, gross and histological findings provide a clinicopathological diagnosis of ODF.

Neospora caninum is a causative agent of abortion, stillbirth, and birth of weak neonates in wild and domestic mammalian species. The purpose of this seroprevalence study was to detect N. caninum in goats and farm dogs at the central Zagros region. This high altitude region is a mountainous, semi-humid and cold region with average rainfall. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from 384 goats and 30 farm dogs and the existence of antibodies against N. caninum was determined using the commercial indirect ELISA method. The goats were divided into three age groups: less than one and a half years (54 heads), two to three years (163 heads), and more than three years (167 heads), with positive cases confirmed in 12, 40, and 50 heads, respectively. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was determined to be 26.56% which the highest rate was belonged to the age group of more than 3 years compared to other age groups. In the last thirty years, Neosporosis has been one of the causes of abortion in ruminants and in the present study, it was found that out of 5 female goats with a history of abortion, 3 had antibodies against Neospora caninum. In addition, 43.3 percent of farm dogs carried antibody against Neospora caninum, which may explain the role of domestic carnivores in Neosporosis epidemiology.

Although sperm cryopreservation seems to be an efficient technique for distributing competent sperm for artificial insemination, the process affects the quality of post-thawed sperm.

This study was designed to see how the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” affected buck sperm quality during cryopreservation. 

After proper semen samples collection, they were diluted and divided into 5 equal groups and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen with 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM Mito-TEMPO. Sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and viability were all evaluated after thawing. 

When the freezing extender was supplemented with 10 µM Mito-TEMPO, total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and viability increased (P≤0.05), while lipid peroxidation decreased (P≤0.05). 

Finally, the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” could be introduced as an effective cryo-additive to improve buck semen quality parameters during cryopreservation.

The schistosomus reflexus (SR) etymologically refers to an abdominal and or thoracic cleft with eventration of viscera. This pathology is a rare and lethal congenital syndrome in calves, lambs, and goat kids. This condition is likely caused by various factors such as endocrine, metabolic, hereditary, and teratogenic in the first third of gestation, leading to disorders in embryonic development. In this report, a 3-year-old female Alpine goat was examined with a history of dystocia. The presence of an abnormal dead goat kid exposed to the abdominal viscera was detected in the birth canal and delivered successfully with gentle intervention. In the gross pathological examination, signs of the abdominal fissure, visibility of viscera, placement of viscera in a membrane, ankylosis of the limbs, hypoplasia of the right hind limb, inversion of the hind limbs due to inversion of the spine, pulmonary hypoplasia, lack of diaphragm formation and cleft palate were recorded. According to the gross pathology, SR was diagnosed. The present report shows the occurrence of SR in an Alpine goat kid.

A number of Mycoplasma spp., often referred to as the Mycoplasma mycoides (Mm) cluster can produce respiratory tract infections in goats; however, only Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is considered to causecontagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Isolation and identification of M. capricoluum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini from the pneumonic lungs of slaughtered goats and their association with pathological changes.

Lungs of 2000 goats slaughtered at an industrial abattoir in Mashhad, Iran, were examined for the presence of gross pneumonic lesions. Fifty affected lungs were selected for pathology, culture, and molecular (PCR) studies for the presence of Mycoplasma species. DNA was extracted from lung tissue samples and replicated using genus and species specific primers for Mycoplasma.

Grossly, consolidation and dark red to grey discoloration in the cranioventral to caudal lobes in fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia and rubbery texture associated with rib impressions on the costal surfaces of the diaphragmatic lobes in interstitial pneumonia were observed. Histopathologically, bronchointerstitial pneumonia in 40 (80%), and fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in 10 (20%) of affected goats were diagnosed. The evidence of Mycoplasma growth such as turbidity and Mycoplasma colonies on the Mycoplasma agar plates was observed in 2 (4%) of samples. Genus-specific Mycoplasma DNA was identified in 11 (22%) of samples. Of them, 3 (6%) and 3 (6%) of tissue lung samples were positive for M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini, respectively, by PCR.

Our results showed that M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini were the two agents that can involve lung consolidation and pneumonia in goats.

In mammalian females, the uterine tissue is highly responsive to steroid hormones and their antagonists.

In the present study, topographical, histoarchitectural, and gene expression changes in goat endometrium treated with estradiol, progesterone, and mifepristone for 24 h were investigated, in vitro.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface topographical analysis; WGA and DBA lectins were used for histochemical analysis; and qRT-PCR was done for the quantification of mRNA levels of MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki67), ESR1 (estrogen receptor), PGR (progesterone receptor), CASP3 (caspase 3), and PDGFR-β (platelet derived growth factor receptor-β).

Few topographical alterations were observed in endometrial glands and the presence of scattered mucoid granules. A significant decline in WGA staining was reported only in the progesterone group. However, DBA binding was highest in the progesterone group and lowest in the mifepristone group. The expression of MKI67 gene declined to 79% in the mifepristone group, while in the estradiol and progesterone groups it elevated to 153% and 41%, respectively, than control; a similar trend was observed for PDGFR-β. The mRNA abundance for ESR1 declined to 59% in the progesterone group and 10% in the mifepristone group. However, a 100% increase occurred in the estradiol group. PGR expression followed the same trend as that of ESR1. CASP3 declined in the estradiol (50%) and progesterone (37%) group, but it showed a 67% increase in the mifepristone group.

We concluded that the caprine uterus undergoes dramatic alteration in structure and functions in response to different kinds of steroidal environments.

The predisposition of ruminants to indigestible foreign materials is becoming a major global concern in live-stock systems in developing countries making gastrointestinal tract impactions severe veterinary emergencies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and types of indigestible foreign material impactions in small ruminants in Gombe state, Nigeria. A total of 940 goats and 790 sheep were selected through a systematic random sampling technique and antemortem examinations were completed before slaughter at major abattoirs in Gombe state. The gender, age, and body condition score (BCS) of animals were recorded. Post-mortem examination of the rumen and reticulum was performed and foreign materials in the abdominal cavity were removed, identified, and recorded. Out of 1730 examined small ruminants, 1167 (67.46%) were found to have various types of indigestible foreign materials in their gastrointestinal tracts. The frequency was significantly (χ2=58.047, P<0.0001) higher in goats (38%) than sheep (23.7%). Prevalence rates of 13.6%, 12.9%, 12.1%, 11.8%, and 11.4% were recorded in Gombe, Yamaltu Deba, Akko, Funakaye, and Kwami Local Government Areas, respectively. Prevalence was found to be significantly (P<0.0001; χ2=732.87; OR=47.009) higher in adult (59.6%) than young (2.1%) cases, significantly (P<0.0001; χ2=637.61; OR=31.145) higher in females (42.5%) than males (19.2%), higher in goats (χ2=177.03, P<0.0001) and sheep (χ2=191.39, P<0.0001) with poor BCS than those with medium and good BCS. Significantly higher proportions of indigestible foreign materials were recovered in the rumen of goats and sheep, compared to the reticulum. Plastic was the most commonly encountered indigestible foreign material in goats and sheep, followed by seed/nuts, ropes, and clothes. The results of the current study revealed a prevalence of 67.46% for indigestible foreign materials in goats and sheep. Predisposing factors to indigestible foreign materials in ruminants in the study area included the lack of adequate plastic waste disposal system and management system, as well as the free grazing of livestock. Therefore, it was recommended that collaborative intervention schemes involving governmental agencies and livestock farmers be incorporated to increase public awareness about the proper disposal of domestic waste.