Comparison of high- intensity interval training and moderate- intensity continuous training on FMD and relation with vaspin and nitric oxide in patients with type 2 diabetes

Atherosclerosis is a mechanism of cardiovascular disease which characterized by endothelial dysfunction related with flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The purpose of this study was investigation of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on plasma levels of vaspin, nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and relation with FMD in T2D. 48 patients with T2D were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT (n= 16), MICT (n= 16) and control (n=16). The HIIT group intervention was 12 intervals at 85-90% maximal heart rate (HRmax) and 2 min at 55-60% HRmax. The MICT group intervention was performed on ergometer cycle for 42 min of exercise at 70% HRmax for 3 sessions per week during 12. The blood sample was collected 48-h before and 48-h after last sessions of exercise training. The vaspin was measured by ELISA, and NOx messured by Griess assay. FMD was assessed by ultrasound in baseline and follow-up 12- weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed- liner ANOVA with SPPS version 18. The results showed that plasma levels of vaspin and NOx and FMD percent after 12-weeks intervention (HIIT and MICT) were significantly increased compared to control group. There is no significantly different between HIIT and MICT in plasma levels of vaspin. While, there are significantly increased in plasma levels of NOx and FMD percent between HIIT and MICT (P< 0.05). Additionally, result indicated that there is a positive correlation with vaspin and NOx with FMD in HIIT group (P= 0.001) and vaspin (p=0.037) and NOx (P=0.026) in MICT group (P= 0.037). It seems that intensity via increase of vaspin and NOx plasma levels led to improves of FMD in patients with type 2 diabetes.