The legal acts according to a popular view are of two types: Contract and Unilateral Act. The nature of many of legal acts is obvious, but there are still some differences of opinion on whether some of them such as absolute legacy and wages are contracts or unilateral acts. The origin of these differences of opinion is the plurality and differences of criteria to differentiate the contract from unilateral act. Generally, to distinguish these, four criteria can be found: (a) a legal act which is formed by two wills (which are dependent on the legal decree and the parties’ intent), and the contract or a legal act which is formed by an independent determination is called the unilateral act; (b) the transaction being signed by the proposing and accepting parties is called the contract, and if it is constituted only by the proposing party, it would be called the unilateral act; (c) if a legal act is related to the dignity of two people, it is the contract; otherwise, it is the unilateral act; (d) a legal act comprising all elements of the contract is called the contract, and if it is authorized only legally, it is called the unilateral act. The writer seek to prove the following points:(1) The legal acts are unique to contract and unilateral act, and there can be expected no third nature; (2) citing numerous arguments to show that the first criterion is the criterion for distinguishing contract from unilateral act.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the stability of OPEC, based on approach of Danielsen's sacrifice ratio and the impact of Iran economic sanctions. For this purpose two concepts called the reserves sacrifice ratio and the capacity sacrifice ratio on Danielsen model framework have been used for investigating the stability of OPEC. Relationship between sacrifice ratios and variables such as population, gross domestic product (GDP), production and oil production capacities of all members of OPEC have been reviewed and analyzed. Iran sanctions as an important factor influencing on amount of sacrifice ratios and totally OPEC stability have been studied. Period of study has been chosen from 2000 to 2014. The results of this study show that during the examined period, there is a meaningful and negative correlation between population and sacrifice ratios. There is a meaningful and positive correlation between oil reserves and sacrifice ratio too. OPEC countries with large oil reserves have a tendency to restrict extraction of crude oil reserves. There is a meaningful and positive correlation between Iran economic sanctions and sacrifice ratio. Iran's oil production capacity has been reduced due to sanctions against Iran and consequently sacrifice ratios of reserves and oil capacities have been increased. According to results of this research there is no evidence to suggest OPEC collapse. As a result of this study, OPEC still considered a stable organization.

The "Document for the Protection of Children and Adolescents in Cyberspace" creates a national model for legal regulation and management of cyberspace regarding Iranian children and adolescents. The spirit of this document, which is protectionism, is realized through "creating a protected virtual environment for children and teenagers". The realization of this importance is through the development of content that meets the special needs of children and teenagers, classifying cyber services, the establishment of a support and monitoring system, and cultivating and promoting cyber knowledge and international interactions. In General Comment No. 25, by introducing a guiding framework for the protection of children in cyberspace, the Committee on Rights of the Child (CRC) has given authenticity to the "protection of the best interests of the child" in cyberspace. The content of this model includes the obligation to eliminate all forms of discrimination against children, protection of the child's best interests and attention to his views, and national policy making, national and international cooperation, allocation of resources, evaluation of virtual effects, virtual knowledge enhancement, monitoring, preparation for litigation. And compensation is the solution to realize this important. This research using the descriptive-analytical method and in a comparative way shows that the model of "protection document" with priority given to national considerations including cultural-Islamic values and efforts to develop a protected virtual environment on the basis of the national information network and (not International Information Network) aims to draw an independent legal framework but related to the international obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this study the answer of the following question has been investigated:” how cultural institutions can support the cultural productions and works of art also how it can be effective in culture _ building process.” Indeed this article has focused on the supporting of the cultural and art productions as well as it tried to indicate that how this issue could be seen as the main issue in our country. Of course after describing methods, theories and concepts of the research, some suggestions and solutions have been offered to the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as one of the main cultural organization in the country. However the ministry has organized a department for supporting the productions. The best management styles as well as policy making also remain a cause for concern especially in this ministry as the main organization which has to support the domestic cultural productions. Therefore the support of the productions should be organized in an appropriate legal and organizational form.

‘Enjoining the good and forbidding the evil’ as one of the principal and fundamental values of a society is the most important symbol and representation of the republic and Islamic state of the system of government which should be increasingly preserved, promoted and proliferated in society and which is to be taken as a guarantee for keeping the society safe and as a contributory factor in establishing values and removing abnormalities in the light of active and common participation. This fundamental value should be preserved through excersising the proper sanctions among which one can refer to the criminal sanction as a form of governmental intervention. Preservation here specifically means the contributory factors which encourage or make the individuals in society to act on this divine obligation or to take measures to enforce it or to remove the structural and human obstacles (negative confrontation due to the omissions) in the way of enforcing it. Accordingly, in the threefold international relation between the one who bids unto good deed (maÝrÙf ) and the one who forbids from the evil (munkar), the addressee and the relevant third parties, one can define ‘act (fiÝl ) and failure to act (omission) and also determine criminal sanction according to people’s rights and duties (obligations). The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic and library sources have also been used.

The purpose of this study is to investigate meritocracy and administrative health and protection of people's rights in government organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization). The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey research method and is of the causal research type and specifically based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of this study is all managers and employees in social security organizations in southwestern Iran (Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars and Bushehr) consists of 183 people. Sampling method based on Morgan table is 118 people. Sample members were distributed. Data collection tool, three researcher questionnaires 1- Shastalari; 2- Questionnaire for protection of people's rights 3- It was a health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Emus software. Findings showed that there is a relationship between meritocracy and administrative health. There is a relationship between meritocracy and the protection of people's rights. Administrative health plays a mediating role between meritocracy and the protection of people's rights.

The family is the most basic unit and core of anysociety. In the same way, the rules and legal systemof the family are very important compared to otherlegal sub-systems, and according to the requirementsof the family institution, it is necessary to design andapprove the appropriate regulations about the saidinstitution. This research, with a descriptiveanalytical method, has addressed familycenteredness in the legislative system of the IslamicRepublic of Iran. The research results show that thereare extra-legal requirements in the field of familyoriented laws. Extra-legal requirements in familyoriented include compliance with standards,protection of standards. The meaning of compliancewith standards is the necessity of compliance of lawswith natural and natural rights as well as compliancewith the principles governing the Islamic system. Theprotection of standards also includes the protection ofstandards such as justice, which is referred to as thespirit of the law and the true philosophy of lawenforcement, and the protection and protection ofIslamic standards, which is a matter of seriousconcern as required by the rule of Islam in this land.

The protection of fundamental labour rights depends on the determination of international labour standards and norms and its inclusion in the constitutions and ordinary Rules of countries and Legislative and judicial protection of fundamental labour rights.The main question,what is the role of the International Labour Organization and the Administrative Court of Justice Iran in the process of constitutionalization the fundamental rights of labour and subsequently protecting these fundamental norms?In this article,using the descriptive and analytical method,the practical procedure of the International Labour Organization and the Administrative Court of Justice in protecting the fundamental norms of labour and entering them in the existing legal order and challenges are reviewed and analyzed.The results of the research indicate that the International Labour Organization on the one hand provides international labour standards and on the other hand monitors the adoption and implementation of these norms in the legal order of countries and moves towards the unification of world legal order and the global labour constitution.In Iran,The Administrative Court of Justice,with its quasi-legislative and judicial oversight,is bringing the basic norms into the legal order and is moving towards the process of Substantive constitutionalization of Fundamental labour rights,but it is facing challenges

In order to deal with this type of threats and damages, according to the articles of the disciplinary code and the principles and laws, regarding the preservation and protection of the valuable and key interests and assets of the military and police units, it is the responsibility of the commanders and The managers have been placed, which the Supreme Commander of the General Forces has also mentioned its importance many times, and considering that in the last few years, in spite of the numerous protection and warning measures that were taken in line with various issues (Jihad protection camp, education protection camp and ...), has been implemented and operational. However, the conducted studies show that the statistics of safety failures of the reference targets and also the crimes of the employees have an increasing approach, especially in security issues, and the combination of these cases with the "fifty two percent" role of the behavior and performance of the commanders in the occurrence of crimes and Violations (calculated from the investigation of the filed cases) became a reason for "explaining the role of commanders and managers in improving the security of Armed Forces" as a concern of the researcher. Therefore, the author of this article, in line with the goals of: a) identifying the dimensions, components and indicators related to the role of commanders and managers in improving security maintenance b) identifying the challenges of commanders in improving security maintenance of Armed Forces, conducted this research to has undertaken. In order to carry out this project, according to the theoretical foundations of the research, by using targeted sampling and conducting in-depth interviews with experts and experts in this field, research data was collected and the analysis tool was "content analysis". After the final summary, the findings of the research indicate that according to the defined indicators and the output findings of the questionnaires, which express the analysis and the nature of the main goal of the research, it can be said: a) in the dimension "the role of commanders in non-active counter-intelligence measures (supply measures)", the component "information and communication technology protection" and b) in the dimension "the role of commanders in active counter-intelligence measures", the component "information-security role", They have allocated the most distance between "available" and "desired" status.