At community-based development planning، vision of planning and management from below to up and based on empowerment and approach of asset – based with emphasis on human source، social capital and social participation of habitants of sections. On this direction، researcher considered Robert Putnam approach to social asset and measured it in selected sections in Tehran (five community: Gisha، Yaft abad، Saheb zaman، Farhangian، Sadeghiye) and amount tendency to community-based development on basis Review literature had quantitative. The axis of this research is survey social capital and tendency to community based development planning and direct and strong correlation between these variations had confirmed. On basis of results this research، when social capital of one community rises، tendency to community based development rises. On basis presented model of this research، social capital is good predictor for explanation tendency of people to community-based development planning. With consider to this results، could been resulted: If community based development planning policy as essential strategy in direction sustainable development of city and restructure joy to city society، had been emphasized by authorities of city، If authorities will consider to community-based development planning (on new standard city development)، in first Authorities must consider to social capital and influence factors on forming it in city and section and with good fundamental، provided backgrounds for improvement it.

Until the 1990s, renewal actions in deteriorated urban areas often are done based on physical-economic and market-oriented look in the world. But in 1990s, emergence of social problems from this renewal perspective, caused to attended social topics based on community-based approach and sustainable renewal. During 1388-92 Renewal organization of Tehran attempt to renewal with participate of residents by facilitation approach.
The aims of this article are determining the factors of community-based development in sustainable renewal and review these factors in renewal actions of Takhti neighborhood in 1388-92. Research Methodology of this article is evaluation during implementation. In the first part factors of community-based development explained by descriptive and analysis method. Then based on descriptive statistics and deductive analysis, these components Descriptive statistics and deductive research based on a sample, the above components were compared and evaluated study in Takhti. In order to investigate the views of the residents from renewal outcomes based on community-based development factors, 100 questionnaires were filled and analysis with SPSS software.
The results showed that renewal actions have many gaps compared to the components of community-based development. Also check out some of the components of community-based development in this neighborhood showed that their situation has improved after renewal actions. As the resident's trust to renewal authorities, participation in the renewal process and social capital improved. Result of regression analysis showed that correlation between participation and social capital is high, so we can strengthen this and increase social capital and obtained community-based development in renewal actions.

The Problem of Development has always been a topic of discussion for researchers and thinkers in various fields of social sciences. In this framework, “Critical Approach to Community-Based Development” is one of the leading works in the field of sociology of development, written by Margaret Ledwith.  Ledwith is a researcher in the field of communitarianism and social justice, which in this work examines the development of community-based. She has focused both on objective developments in Western societies such as England in the context of globalization and on two philosophical turning points of the twentieth century: the Brazilian philosopher Paolo Freire and the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci. According to Ledwith, community-based development requires a search between theory and method. According to him, community-based development forms the knowledge that is based on justice, equality, and democracy. It seems that the connection between theory and practice for change is one of the innovations of Ledwith in this work. The purpose of this article is to introduce the mentioned work, critique and evaluate it in both form and content and focus on Iranian society.

The goal of this article is sociological exploration of community–based management in prosperity of social services to citizens and the consequences of this method of management. Taking community-based management into account is necessary in order to achieve collaboration and social participation opportunities for people. Principles such as down-up planning, collective participation and fair distribution of facilities are possible through “community-based development” and urban community planning. In this research, sociological exploration of community-based consequences have been studied in Tehran management (Case study: Ozgol, Janat Abad, Hakimieh, and Khani Abad communities, Tehran) Research method is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sample size includes 44 observer units, four managers in studied communities, 20 members of community councils, and 20 individuals who use community services. Sample size in qualitative method is 400 individuals using Cochran formula. The research has six hypotheses where first four hypotheses were studied by quantitative method while the last two hypotheses were measured by qualitative method. In qualitative section of the research, major phenomena (social changes, social anamolies, community-based development, and lack of community-based development) were obtained using various coding systems and sociological exploration of effective cause conditions, contextual and intervening conditions, and various strategies on the phenomenon and finally phenomenon consequences were studied. In quantitative section, some results were obtained using surveys, such as medium level of collaboration of residents for implementing this project. Community based policy making, as one of social change contexts, has itself been able to create valuable changes in residential districts of Tehran .Taking advantage of civil moralities for this plan, it has been effective on management of megacity of Tehran and it has been effective on community identity by controlling the tendency to behave abnormaly. Citizens` sense of responsibility has been effective on community based policy making and its consequences, and it has been effective by conveying sense of belonging and community identity .Social satisfaction of people shows a strong link with community-based consequences.

The main purpose of this research is sociological study of community-based development plans in order to understand their attributes and requirements. The methodology is qualitative and based on grounded theory that its process has been done in three stages of coding including: open, axial and selective coding. In this regard, using purposive sampling and applying the theoretical saturation criterion, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 people, including: Palangan local community members, fish breeders, local informants and employees of institutions related to the fish farming project. The results of data analysis during the three stages of coding indicate the identification of 305 concepts, which with further refinement and elimination of duplicates, finally 276 concepts were created and in the axial coding stage, were classified into 43 categories. These categories in the present study in the form of a paradigm model include: causal conditions(natural and cultural potentials), central category(formation of community-based development), underlying conditions(local community of Palangan, extent, intensity and time period), intervening factors (Educational factors, government factors, institutional factors, economic factors and geographical factors), strategies(economic, policy, research, educational, extension, regulatory, managerial, supportive, health, social and cultural), and consequences(tourism boom, increase the spirit of tolerance, modeling the behavior of tourists, new jobs, rising housing prices, increasing pollution, lifestyle changes, changing consumption styles, social dynamism, reviving some traditions, reducing the desire for traditional jobs, social harms, relative income improvement, Horticulture development and the formation of conflicts of interest) was presented, and in the selective coding stage, with the narrative story, the central category was linked to other categories and the pattern of community-based development emerged.

Community-based development in Iran has often been translated as neighborhood-based development. In the local development model, the local community is considered very general, whereas in the Community-based development model, the local community is focused on local contexts and structures that have social issues and problems according to the development capacities based on the local community. Urban management in Tehran in the last decade with a series of different measures (Distinguish neighborhood boundaries, The construction of community center (Saraye Mahale), implementation of social, cultural and health programs, at the level of urban neighborhoods, etc) have sought to institutionalize this type of development. The present article focuses on theoretical and experimental issues in the field of local community development and the requirements of this type of development to examine its challenges in Tehran and the set of measures that have been taken in this regard. Relying on the data of two studies in Tehran (pathology of neighborhood management and social and cultural typology of Tehran neighborhoods), which has been done quantitatively and qualitatively, the article addresses the challenges of this type of development in Tehran. The findings of the paper show that development is based on a local community based on contexts and requirements, and focuses on specific goals and specific contexts of cities, not all contexts. While the strategies of development based on local community (Council elections, establishing Community center (Saraye Mahale) and neighborhood management, etc.) without considering these contexts and requirements of this development based on local community in Tehran This has led to the failure of these strategies in the development of the local community and the achievement of the consequences of this type of development after the implementation of these strategies. Lack of attention to the contexts and requirements based on the development of the local community in Tehran, the activities carried out have led to spending a lot of money so far, which seems to have not yielded significant results in this area. At the end, several specific suggestions are presented to address the challenges of this type of development, with the main emphasis on changing the perception of local communities that should be the focus of development.

The present study aims to identify the driving forces affecting community-based development in low-income urban areas. For this purpose, Al-Teimour neighborhood in Mashhad metropolis has been selected as a sample. The research is "applied" in terms of purpose and "quantitative" according to its nature. Library-documentary and field methods (questionnaire) were used to collect information. To explain the current situation, the results of the census of, Al-Teimour neighborhood in 2019, which has a population of 15,417 people, have been used. In order to conduct a survey to identify the drivers that affect the realization of community-based development in the neighborhood, 30 urban experts were selected as a sample. Research indicators were examined in four areas (physical, social, economic and legal) and in the form of 36 variables. Cross-Impact Analysis method was used in Micmac software to analyze the data. Based on the research results, 12 variables were identified as the most influential and the least dependent drivers, which are "age and sex structure of the population", "household dimensions", "population density", and "literacy", "employment rate" and "financial and economic assets", "granulation of parcels", "land use per capita" and "diversity of land use", "building density", "urban infrastructure" and " "Intra-contextual and extra-contextual communication networks". Considering these drivers through a participatory approach and through the planning, development and implementation of community-based projects will be an effective step towards achieving development.

In recent years, social and human aspects of development are more taken into considerations in Iran as a result of the people-oriented and community-based discourse in the country, confronting the mainstream economic and top-down approaches. In this discourse, the stress is put on strengthening social capital to empower the civic associations to become the main agent of development. In this qualitative research, five cases in community-based interventions in Iran are studied by deep interviews with their main practitioners. After coding the interviews and other related reports using Thematic Analysis, the 'intervention dimensions' emerge and the cases are compared in each dimension. Then, the similar issues in community-based development in Iran are identified and compared to the usual approaches in development programs in the country. Finally, it is shown that despite the similarities, each case has adopted its own specific issues and theory of change that has not been mentioned explicitly in the existing literature.

This paper discusses Social Development Approach (SDA) to poverty reduction programs and social welfare. Some objective and subjective (cultural) processes, at the late decades of 21th century, have challenged the prevalent patterns of poverty reduction and social welfare, which has led to the proposal of social development or community-based development approach. This new approach is different from traditional welfare approach, in terms of its indexes, aims, concentrations, methods, measures and agents. The first section of this paper deals with historical and conceptual background of SDA and the second section proposes the concept of "community-based poverty reduction and social welfare". This concept extends SDA to local levels specially at urban areas. The third section of this article traces the SDA approach in the fourth development plan and The last section of the paper sums up proposed arguments and insights, and emphasizes the necessity of implementing SDA in to welfare and poverty reduction activities and plans in the country.

The idea of community-based development has long been emphasized by experts, but its acceptance in tourism is relatively new. Due to the fragmented nature of the tourism sector, it is thought that achieving the participation of stakeholders of target community, is very difficult or impossible. Therefore, identifying and classifying barriers can provide the necessary basis for interaction and participation of stakeholders as much as possible. First, by examining the theoretical foundations, barriers to stakeholder participation in tourism programs were extracted. Then, with the participation of 10 experts, localization was performed and the importance of the obstacles was determined. With the help of interpretive structural modeling approach, the relationship between structural relations and the DEMATEL method was obtained. Scattering and lack of stakeholder interaction, inadequate stakeholder analysis, divergent perspectives and priorities, differences in stakeholder policies and procedures, lack of coordination among stakeholders, limited resources, lack of sustainable development plans, lack of community participation, lack of consensus on plans and delays In the programs, the main obstacles are the participation of the stakeholder community in tourism programs, in which the dispersion and lack of interaction of the stakeholders has had the greatest impact and the limited resources have had the most interaction.