The temporary elimination of the benefit of the organ due to incurred crime have been put under the topic of Arsh in Islamic Penal Code while no proper jurisprudential study has been undertaken in this case; what is more, the presence of some beliefs such as no liability for non-used benefits paves the way for some prevailing suggestions that there are no liabilities under the topic of Arsh and the blood money for the temporary decline of benefits in religion. This gets more intense in cases which the organ has no evident injury or harm and fracture but the benefits are eliminated in temporary terms. By a full grasp of the necessity of this discussion, this study investigates the issue by referring to library documents by an analytic-critical method. Our study shows that the presence of the right to use body organ is a good reason for the presence of liability of Arsh in cases of temporary decline of organ benefits on the criminal because the subject of liability is the loss of property and right of the others, and on our assumption, the right of using organ benefit has been eliminated; however, the lack of financiality before the act or the before the renting contract is a hinder to the use of liability principle in this assumption; also, due to the impossibility of jurisprudential comparison between the Arsh for permanent decline of benefit with temporary decline of benefits because of the lack of unity of procedure as well as the emergence of the blood money and Arsh for the blood money of harms incurred to organ, and finally, considering the religiosity of blood money and Arsh and the principle of non-liability, it is overwhelmingly challenging to prove the Arsh.

Considering the objective evidence that some patients with Vegetative State return to normal life after more than a year and medical research shows that in the evaluation of some patients with Vegetative State, the activity of cortical areas is related. It can be seen by understanding the feeling of pain and comprehensible sentences, which in general can indicate the absence or at least doubt in the relative or permanent decline of all benefits, especially the five benefits (sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste) in such be patient. Therefore, this study has been conducted with the aim of challenging the decline of benefits, especially the five senses in patients of Vegetative State from the perspective of medicine, jurisprudence and law.

The research method in this study is the library, descriptive and analytical and evaluation of jurisprudential and legal research, medicine for some patients with Vegetative State.

In the present study, medical, jurisprudential and legal findings are such that the existing ambiguities in the field of consciousness, diagnosis of decline or non-decline of interests, especially the interests of the five senses to examine the rules of multiple and interference of diets are different from other findings are given. According to medical findings, examinations and tests performed on patients with Vegetative State, as well as the existence of objective evidence of cortical activity related to the perception of pain and hearing during the expression of comprehensible sentences and the return of some of these patients to the normal life, we can not talk about the definite decline of interests, especially the benefit of the five senses. Evidence for the decline of benefits has been examined and analyzed from the perspective of jurisprudence and law on the subject of counting and the application or non-application of the counted cases to a person with a Vegetative State.

Crime for profit comes in many forms; Sometimes the benefit of the member is lost forever and sometimes it returns after a while. If the benefit is lost forever, the sentence is not complicated. However, the decision on the sentence of diyat at the beginning of the crime, due to the lack of time, is the subject of controversy under the title of "establishment of diyat". Also, the decision on the ruling on diyat, assuming that the lost interest is returned to the victim after a while, is the subject of controversy, entitled "refund of diyat". The decline of benefits, over time, as well as the return of benefits, over time has different assumptions that challenge the decision to establish and return the ransom; Such as the physician's expert opinion on the return and non-return of the benefit at the very beginning of the crime, or such as how long the benefit has been lost after the crime can have an effective return on the legal decision. Adherence to the Islamic Penal Code indicates the depth of the legal vacuum of diyat in the assumption of return of benefits. The first research step in the present article is to set up a structure with coherent jurisprudential and medical assumptions to evaluate the return ransom and non-return benefits. The next step of the research, which is related to the mentioned structure, is limited to evaluating the opinions of jurisprudence and law experts regarding the establishment and return of diyat. Using descriptive-analytical method, it is proved that the ruling on establishing blood money is directly related to the doctor's expert opinion that the benefit is not returned. Also, the sentence for refunding the blood money will be limited to returning the benefit before the expiration of the term.

Managing the pollution of water resources while allocating water resources appropriately to different sectors can lead to socio-economic and environmental developments. Surface water sources have a high pollution load in the south of Tehran Province due to the upstream discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. However, these sources are used for irrigation in the agricultural sector, leading to environmental problems. As a measure to solve this problem, a plan is to build surface water treatment plants before using the water for agricultural and industrial purposes. This study investigates the economic and environmental effects of the using treated wastewater in the south of Tehran Province. This study employed a hydro-economic model under conditions of uncertainty. The results indicate that under the existing conditions, the net system benefit will decrease in pursuit of the economic-environmental optimal state. So that for reducing each ton of nitrate input to water resources due to the reduction of the level of economic activities, the net system benefit is reduced by 36167 million rials. This decline in benefit can be compensated by adopting solutions such as the application of treated wastewater, using the fertilizer potential of water sources or increasing the treatment level of the wastewater generated in industrial and municipal sectors.

The purpose of this article is to provide economic evaluation of Sarbisheh road to frontier market of mile 78 (Southern Khorasan Province) and analysis its social- economic effects. So, first survey of this cases, such as: region characters of case study (Southern Khorasan Province and Sarbisheh town), path present situation of case study, 3 sectional recommended path of researcher, analysis of construction and improvement costs of this sectional recommended path compare with benefits of upward mobility of technical mobility paths. Then, presented cost- benefits analysis of project that include: cost operation and its monetary benefits (saving of energy consumption), decline in time travel and its monetary benefits, decline of accidents and its damages and monetary benefits, saving in operational costs, role of this study in expansion of commercial trades (export and import), because of decline of distance for goods transit to Afghanistan and also, provide economic boom for southern Khorasan Province. The last part of this paper calculated, net present value (discount rate:12 percentage) and internal rate of return (19/4 percentage) so that, this results indicate high economic rationalization for this project.

This paper focuses on human capital and social capital as determinants of economic growth and compares the corresponding effects. The results show that the effect of a decline in social capital on growth is negative and significant, while the effect of human capital is not significant. Regarding residual growth, again it is concluded that the effect of a decline in social capital is significant but the human capital has no effect on economic growth. Although we have benefited simple criteria to measure human capital and social capital, the results can be considerable.

The exercise of jurisdiction as a feature of sovereignty application of states has passed from traditional rule of territoriality and has included goods outside of state territory. The expansion of jurisdictional rule that has been justified on the basis of state interests and legitimate benefits of private persons imposed enormous costs on litigant parties and forums. The provision of public benefits and fairness hearing requires that the forum decline from extended jurisdiction while considering factors such as parallel proceeding in foreign countries، the existence of suitable situations for proceeding in foreign countries or the necessity of comity observance to foreign states

The development of cities has caused the expansion of urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas. These areas include a complex mix of physical, social, economic, and environmental problems that intensify: exhaustion, poverty, environmental pollution, and social anomalies, in this situation there is a need for urban management systems and urban planning. Urban Regeneration is one of the recent ways of intervening in these areas, which uses community empowerment in order to improve residents's level of participation, to solved the problems of such araes. The goal of community empowerment process is to increase residents's share of the structure of power sources in society, and improving their ability to participate in guiding and controlling changes in and around living environment, which are formed in the context of communication and cooperation between residents and the decision makers.E- empowerment is used to facilitate the relationship between residents and decision makers in order to improve the level of transparency,accountability and access to good governace.Due to the widespread use of cybernetic space by citizens, the realization of E- empowerment in urban decline areas, can be a good solution to improve resident's participation in order to regeneration of these areas.Based on three concepts of:e-participation, e- empowerment and cybernetic space, the participation level of residents in order to regenerate urban declines was assessed in this study, to achieve e-empowerment process adapted pattern for Isfahan declines. The type of this research is: inductive, practical- benefit, descriptive-analytic, which was done by using below analytic methods A Stakeholders analysis(using power- benefit matrix analysis. b-1) Descriptive- statistic analysis. b-2)Fridman test,b-3) Spearman rank correlation in the SPSS software environment. C) Mind mapping. By measures and indicators valuation of e-empowerment process, the above analysis led to e-participation level evaluation in Isfahan’s urban decline,and it’s adapted pattern in above districts was produced. The most important findings from the analysis, illustrates that e- empowerment in Isfahan urban declines is a five-step cyclic process, consist of e- education, e-learning, awareness, e-consulting and involving, in cybernetic space context. This process provides the ground for the participation promotion of key stakeholders specially: central municipality, the district municipality, Renovation and Restoration Organization of Isfahan, Isfahan Islamic Council, Isfahan Governor's Office and Renovation and Improvement Consulting Engineers (Facilitating Offices) and residents of these districts. In this process, the stages of e-learning, awareness and e-involving, in turn are the most important and the hardest steps of implementing, and it’s realization on one hand depends on the effects of social capital (such as trust, satisfaction, profitability in public participation) and on the other hand depends on formal institutional structures (such as: decentralization and decision-making). The resulted pattern is match to  the cultural, social and political structures of the community  of urban decay in Isfahan. The depth of the research results indicates the feasibility of this pattern in cybernetic space. This pattern will be used in computer science field, and will lead to the production of tools (application)  to extol public participation in cyberspace in the computer software form.

In this article, six events on Instagram social media that are declining and building moral values ​​and discussed by Iranian users have been studied. These six events started on Instagram between 1397 and 1398, and the scope of discussion related to them expanded in other media and cyberspace websites. The purpose of this study is how to deconstruct and construct moral values ​​in the Instagram network with the approach of communication action (public domain) Jürgen Habermas. A qualitative study with an exploratory approach and based on comments and opinions of users around these six events has been the basis of analysis. From the thousands of comments made by cyberspace users about each event under review, a total of 296 comments were selected for analysis. These comments are presented in the form of a qualitative model derived from the heart of the data entitled "Iranian users' activism model" in the construction and decline of the moral values ​​of virtual social media (Instagram).

Volumetric water delivery is one of the main components of the groundwater balancing plan. In the volumetric water delivery condition, the increase in farmers' income and the optimum use of water should be considered at the same time. The aim of this study was to determine optimum cropping patterns in agriculture wells under volumetric water allocation constraints in the Qazvin plain. In this research, 9 agriculture farms were studied and linear programming was used in the optimization process. The average water productivity in the formal cropping pattern (FCP), optimum cropping pattern with monthly water allocation (OCPM), and optimum cropping pattern with yearly water allocation (OCPY) was estimated at 5283, 9080, and 10570 Rials per cubic meter, respectively. The average productivity in the OCPM and OCPY has increased by 72% and 100%, respectively, compared to the FCP. Also, the average net benefits in the FCP, OCPM, and OCPY were estimated at 52978, 48275, and 88844 thousand Rials per hectare, respectively. The average net benefit in the OCPM has declined by 8.9%, and the average net benefit in the OCPY has increased by 67.7% compared to the FCP that mentioned in water licenses. The average water use in the FCP, OCPM, and OCPY was estimated at 10287, 5150, and 8501 cubic meters in ha, respectively. The average of water use in OCPM and OCPY has declined by 49.9% and 17.4% respectively. The results showed that the formal crop pattern that is mentioned in water licenses of agricultural wells requires a considerable revision and does not conform to volumetric water delivery (allocation) conditions.